physiology

1. Human physiologyHuman physiology
DefinitionDefinition
physiology explains physical andphysiology explains physical and
chemical factors that arechemical factors that are
responsible for the origin,responsible for the origin,
development, and progression ofdevelopment, and progression of
life ,(each type of lifelife ,(each type of life( .( .

2. Human physiologyHuman physiology
DefinitionDefinition
Specific characteristic and mechanismsSpecific characteristic and mechanisms
of the human body that make it a livingof the human body that make it a living
being. All organs and tissues performbeing. All organs and tissues perform
functions that help to maintain internalfunctions that help to maintain internal
environment constant (Homeostasis (environment constant (Homeostasis (

3. Fig. 1-5, p. 9
Maintain
Body systems Homeostasis
Cells
Make up
Is essential
for
survival
of

4. Fig. 1-1, p. 2
1
2
3
4
5 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Chemical level
Cellular level
Organ level
Tissue level
Body system level
Organism level

5. Fig. 1-3a (left), p. 4
Digestive system
mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large
intestine, salivary
glands, exocrine
pancreas, liver,
gallbladder
Circulatory system
heart, blood,
blood vessels
Respiratory system
Nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, lungs

6. Fig. 1-3a (right), p. 4
Urinary system
kidneys, ureters,
urinary bladder,
urethra
Skeletal system
bones, cartilage,
joints
Muscular system
skeletal muscles

7. Fig. 1-3b (left), p. 5
Integumentary system
skin, hair, nails
Immune system
lymph nodes, thymus,
bone marrow, tonsils,
adenoids, spleen,
appendix, and,
not shown, white
blood cells, gut-
associated lymphoid
tissue, and skin-associated
lymphoid tissue
Nervous system
brain, spinal cord,
peripheral nerves,
and, not shown,
special sense organs

8. Fig. 1-3b (right), p. 5
Endocrine system
all hormone-secreting
tissues, including
hypothalamus, pituitary,
thyroid, adrenals, endocrine,
pancreas, gonads, kidneys,
pineal, thymus, and,
not shown, parathyroids,
intestine, heart, and skin
Reproductive system
Male: testes, penis, prostate
gland, seminal vesicles,
bulbourethral glands, and
associated ducts
Female: ovaries, oviducts,
uterus, vagina, breasts

9. Fig. 1-6, pp. 10-11
Information from
the external
environment relayed
through the
nervous system
O2
CO2
Urine containing
wastes and
excess water and
electrolytes
Nutrients, water,
electrolytes
Feces containing
undigested food
residue
Sperm leave male
Sperm enter
female
EXTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT
BODY SYSTEMS
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
URINARY
SYSTEM
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Exchanges with
all other systems
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Exchanges with
all other systems
MUSCULAR AND
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
IMMUNE SYSTEM
INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
Body systems
maintain
homeostasis
Keeps internal
fluids in
Keeps foreign
materials out
HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis
essential for
cell survival
CELLS
Cells make
up body
system
Enables the
body to
interact
with the
external
environment
Protects
against
foreign
invaders
Regulate

10. Control systemsControl systems
 Genetic controlGenetic control
 organ level entire bodyorgan level entire body
 Intra- & extracellular part of inter relationsIntra- & extracellular part of inter relations
 functions the organ b/w the organsfunctions the organ b/w the organs

11. ““We remain alive isWe remain alive is
almost beyond our ownalmost beyond our own
control”control”

12.  HungerHunger seek foodseek food
 FearFear seek refugeseek refuge
 SexSex seek fellowshipsseek fellowships

13. InstinctsInstincts
 Food intakeFood intake
 defensedefense
 SexSex
 MaternityMaternity

14. Control systemsControl systems
 Genetic controlGenetic control
 organ level entire bodyorgan level entire body
 Intra- & extracellular part of inter relationsIntra- & extracellular part of inter relations
 functions the organ b/w the organsfunctions the organ b/w the organs