salmonella

1. By Nursyamimi Binti Ishak

2.  A Very complex group
 Contains more > 2,000 spp
 Typed on the basis of Serotyping, and species
typing
 Divided into two groups
1 Enteric fever (thypoid fever)
2 Food poisoning

3. •Gram negative bacilli
• 1.0 -3.0 microns
•Motile by peritrichous
flagella

4.  Caused by Salmonella typhi, and other Groups
called as Paratyphi A, B, C
 Salmonella typhi - Causes Typhoid fever
 Salmonella Paratyphi A,B,C Causes
Paratyphoid fevers.

5. • The Genus Salmonella
belong to
Enterobacteriaceae
• Aerobic
• Gram negative bacilli
• Distinguished from
other bacteria by
Biochemical and
antigen structure

6.  Head ache, malise,anorexia ,coated tongue
 Abdominal discomfort
 Constipation / Diarrhea
 Hepatomegaly
 Rose spots appear

7.  Intestinal perforation
 Hemorrhage
 Circulatory collapse
 Bronchitis Bronchopneumonia
 Meningitis
 Nephritis
 Osteomyelitis

8.  Is a foodborne illness caused by the salmonella
 Transmission occurs via contaminated food and
water
 Mainly from poultry and eggs (egg shell)
 Exotic pets (turtle) stool contain salmonella
> 90% of reptile
stool contain
salmonella
bacterium

9.  Diarrhea with fever
 Abdominal cramps
 Nausea
 Vomiting
Symptoms of most salmonella
infections usually occurs 6 - 72
hours (usually 12-36 hours)
after ingestion of salmonella,
and illness lasts 2-7 days and go
away without medical
treatment

10.  Stool sample are collected in
Selenite fecal broth (incubate 24
hour)
- used for isolation of Salmonella
from contaminated specimens

11.  Culture on Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD)
agar.
- xylose fermentation, lysine
decarboxylation and production
of hydrogen sulphide are primary
diffrentation of salmonella from
non-pathogenic bacteria.

12.  Observe colony
● suspect if have black colony
● discard if no black colony
 Urea test
● discard if positive urea
● suspect if negative urea

13.  Microgene
 Sensitivity test

14. Day 4
 Microgene observation
Lysine
Decarboxylase + Indole -
Glucose + Citrate utilization +
ONPG - H2S Production +
Voges Proskauer - Xylose -
Ornithine
Decarboxylase + Urea hydrolysis -
Mannitol + Tryptophan Deaminase -
Acceptable identification of Salmonella species

15.  Observe sensitivity result
Sensitive Resistant
Ceftriaxone Ampicillin
Cefuroxime Amoxicillin
Trimethoprim / Sulpha Chloramphenicol
Penicillin -G
 Result dispatch to ward

16.  Electrolyte replacement (sodium,
potassium and chloride ions)
- lost through vomiting
and diarrhea
 Routine antimicrobial therapy
- control if the infection spreads
from the intestine to other body parts

17.  Not keeping reptiles as pets (particularly if have
young children )
 Proper hand washing
 Not serving any raw meat or eggs.
 Prevention from all stages of the food chain.
(agricultural production, processing,
manufacturing and preparation of foods)

18. Thank you