testing ppt

1. Technical discussions document, 19 April 2013
Nickel raw materials for stainless steel production:
Nickel Pig Iron, Nickel Base Material

2. • DMM Advisory Group is an international group of diamond, metals
& mining and financial experts with operating bases in London,
Toronto, Johannesburg, Beijing and Antwerp.
• DMM is focusing on strategy, marketing and technical issues of
mining companies, metal producers and fabricators, traders and
trade associations and provides market and technical research in
addition to business solutions.
• DMM experts have carried out technical and marketing projects for
the following companies: Outokumpu, Tata Steel, Rio Tinto, Sherritt,
BHPB, Falconbridge/Xstrata, European Nickel, HudBay Mineral
Anaconda Nickel, worldsteel, The Nickel Institute etc.
DMM Advisory Group Introduction
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3. FeNi products available
Ferro-nickel with 15% Ni, usually 20 – 22% Ni
• Traditionally used for 304, 316 grades
• Ni-metal addition for higher alloyed than 316
Chinese Nickel Pig Iron with 2 – 8% Ni
• Sufficient Ni to produce 200-series
• Ni-metal addition needed for 304 grade
Nickel Base Material with 10 – 15% Ni
• Sufficient Ni to produce 304 grade
The new Nickel Base Material is different from
Nickel Pig Iron
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4. Production of the FeNi products
FeNi
• Abt. 50/50% limonite mixed with saprolite
• Rotary Kiln + Electric Furnace + converter
NPI
• Mainly limonite
• Blast Furnace
NBM
• Mix of limonite and saprolite
• Rotary kiln + Electric Furnace (+ converter)
The production process of NBM is similar to the
production process of FeNi, but not of NPI
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5. All new Chinese NPI/NBM facilities use RKEF
• They are able to produce Nickel Base Material with 10-15% Ni
Indonesian facilities currently under construction will use RKEF
• They will be able to produce Nickel Base Material
Some new facilities in Indonesia will add oxygen converter
• PT Antam is building a ”low-grade ferro-nickel” plant
Indonesia will produce high quality NBM or low grade
FeNi in the future
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6. Westers loading pattern is based on stainless scrap
•Available stainless steel scrap
•FeCr 50% up to targeted Cr units
•FeNi up to targeted Ni units
•Ni metal if needed for higher alloyed grades
•Carbon steel scrap
•Free iron is priced in
The Western stainless steel loading pattern is based on
widely available stainless scrap…
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7. Grade 304 % Cr units Ni units Fe units
18 8 74
FeCr 50% 36 18 0 18
NBM 13% 64 0 8.3 55.8
100 18 8.3 73.9
Grade 301 % Cr units Ni units Fe units
16 6 78
FeCr 50% 34 16 0 16
NBM 10% 60 0 6 56
Fe pig iron 6 0 0 6
100 16 6 78
Chinese loading patterns
Scrap with limited availability, Fe is very valuable
…while the Chinese loading starts with the opposite:
expensive scrap and a need to find additional Fe units
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8. Contaminants in NPI, NBM
•Phosphor, sulfur, silicon, carbon
•Blast furnace NPI is untreated
•FeNi and some NBM producers finish melting with an oxygen converter
Stainless producers can address contaminants
• Pre-treat NPI/NBM in an oxygen process
• Use double slag technology, sour and alkaline
• Use two AOD converters.
Contaminants are either removed by the NMB producers
using an oxygen converter or through a slightly different
stainless steel production process
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9. Thank you
consult@dmmadvisorygroup.com
+44 (0) 208 832 3765

10. Thank you
consult@dmmadvisorygroup.com
+44 (0) 208 832 3765