This document provides rules for forming plurals in English. The main rules are: add 's' to most nouns; add 'es' to nouns ending in s, sh, ch, x; add 'ies' to nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant. There are also irregular plurals like goose/geese and exceptions to the rules. The document lists common irregular plural forms.

1. HOW TO FORM PLURALS

2. 1) Add ‘s’
game
pen
boy
girl
school

3. games
pens
boys
girls
schools

4. 2) Add ‘es’
potato
watch
bush
fox
bus
kiss

5. 2) Add ‘es’
potatoes
watch
bush
fox
bus
kiss

6. 2) Add ‘es’
potatoes
watches
bush
fox
bus
kiss

7. 2) Add ‘es’
potatoes
watches
bushes
fox
bus
kiss

8. 2) Add ‘es’
potatoes
watches
bushes
foxes
bus
kiss

9. 2) Add ‘es’
potatoes
watches
bushes
foxes
buses
kiss

10. 2) Add ‘es’
potatoes
watches
bushes
foxes
buses
kisses

11. *Exceptions to the rule
radio
rhino
piano
hippo
photo
video

12. *Exceptions to the rule
radios
rhinos
pianos
hippos
photos
videos

13. 3) Add ‘ies’ : noun finishes in consonant + y
army
jelly
city
baby
fly

14. army
jelly
city
baby
fly

15. arm ies
jellies
cities
babies
flies

16. But...
It the noun finishes in vowel + y
boy
key

17. boys
keys

18. 4) Nouns which end in –f / -fe: -ves
knife
wolf

19. knife
wolf

20. knives
wolves

21. *Exceptions to the rule
roof
giraffe
cliff

22. roofs
giraffes
cliffs

23. 5) Irregular plurals
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD
OX
FOOT
TOOTH
GOOSE
MOUSE
FISH
SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

24. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX
FOOT
TOOTH
GOOSE
MOUSE
FISH
SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

25. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT
TOOTH
GOOSE
MOUSE
FISH
SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

26. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH
GOOSE
MOUSE
FISH
SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

27. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH /TEETH
GOOSE
MOUSE
FISH
SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

28. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH /TEETH
GOOSE /GEESE
MOUSE
FISH
SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

29. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH /TEETH
GOOSE /GEESE
MOUSE / MICE
FISH
SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

30. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH /TEETH
GOOSE /GEESE
MOUSE / MICE
FISH
SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

31. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH /TEETH
GOOSE /GEESE
MOUSE / MICE
FISH / FISH
SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

32. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH /TEETH
GOOSE /GEESE
MOUSE / MICE
FISH / FISH
SHEEP /SHEEP
DEER
MAN
WOMAN

33. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH /TEETH
GOOSE /GEESE
MOUSE / MICE
FISH / FISH
SHEEP /SHEEP
DEER /DEER
MAN
WOMAN

34. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH /TEETH
GOOSE /GEESE
MOUSE / MICE
FISH / FISH
SHEEP /SHEEP
DEER /DEER
MAN / MEN
WOMAN

35. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHILD / CHILDREN
OX / OXEN
FOOT / FEET
TOOTH /TEETH
GOOSE /GEESE
MOUSE / MICE
FISH / FISH
SHEEP /SHEEP
DEER /DEER
MAN / MEN
WOMAN / WOMEN