Electric vehicles, part of the next generation of transportation, are beyond concept, and into production. The costs and emissions of electric cars are compared vs traditional motor engines. And then the implications for vehicle miles traveled (VMT), commuting, and parking are introduced.

1. Next Generation Vehicles and Implications for VMT, Congestion & Emissions Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation June 23, 2010 Fresh Views & Research You Can Use on the Economic & Social Impacts of Congestion

2. A vehicle revolution NASDAQ: TSLA 2 Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation

3. All Electric Vehicles Leading,Environmentally-friendly, Affordable, Family car 3 Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation

4. Quantifying Electric Vehicles: Cost KiloWatt hours (kWh) per 100 miles of driving 4 Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation

6. Different size cars

8. For kWh, EPA/DOE estimates about 1.34 pounds of CO2 (depending on the source of electricity) 5

10. National average electricity price: $0.1086 per kWh

11. National average gasoline price: $2.75 per gallon6 Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation

12. Vehicle Technology Improvement Curve LEAF (Vermont) Annual metric tons of CO2 emissions per ~12,000 miles Average of Existing Fleet (1970-2007); Selected Vehicles (2010-2011) 7 Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation

14. Varying range of emissions depending on vehicle type

15. VMT also does not take into account:

16. Population Growth

17. Economic Growth

18. Number of passengers in the car

19. Purpose of the trip

21. VMT: 1957-2055 10 Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation

22. Commuting: Driving trip purposes 11 National Household Travel Survey, 2009 data

23. Commuting Flows 12 Total = 128.3 million commuters Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation

24. Commuting Emissions 13 EPA, 2008 data, published in 2010 Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation

25. Parking: East Falls Church Metro Station Arlington County study says "Eliminating commuter parking is a powerful tool for discouraging use of private vehicles" The most popular parking lot in the entire metro system is East Falls Church Will serve as access point for Silver Line to Tysons Corner and Dulles International Airport http://greatergreaterwashington.org/post.cgi?id=5827 14

26. Parking: EFC Metro, Arlington, VA Existing parking situation One Household: Options to get to Tysons Corner and Downtown DC... After eliminating parking 10 mile roundtrip drives instead of 1 mile roundtrip and Metro ridership 15 Marcus Bowman, 3G Mobility, Envisioning the next generation of transportation

28. VMT and Commuting

29. Emissions

30. ParkingFresh Views & Research You Can Use on the Economic & Social Impacts of Congestion Marcus Bowman 3G Mobility