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June 
1 
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2014 
HETNET Strategies with OiBrazil 
Webinar 
September 24, 2014 
Caroline Gabriel, Research Director, Maravedis-Rethink 
Alberto Boaventura, Technology consultant, OiBrazil
June 
2 
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2014 
What a small cell will look like in 2015 
September 24, 2014 
Caroline Gabriel, Research Director, Maravedis-Rethink
Drivers for density 
September 
2014 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 
Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014- All rights reserved 
•Massive increase in data traffic 
•Limited ability to cope with traditional models 
•Spectral efficiency 
•Higher bandwidth 
•Combined with cost pressures 
•Critical to reduce radiated power – battery life, not coverage, limits usage 
Source Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014 
0 
20 
40 
60 
80 
100 
120 
140 
160 
180 
200 
2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 
2017 
2018 
$bn 
Capacity investments 
Data revenues
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2013 
www.maravedis-bwa.com 
4 
Mobile operator options 
September 
2014 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 
•Defer capacity investment 
•Reduce costs 
•WiFioffload 
•New architectures 
•Network sharing 
•Virtualization 
•Optimize network 
•Traffic management 
•SON 
•But all this is defensive, about cost cutting 
•Some will embrace dumb pipe or wholesale only ... But who pays? 
% of new mobile data capacity MNOs expect to gain from various techniques in 2013 and 2018 
Source Maravedis-Rethink operator survey 
0 
5 
10 
15 
20 
25 
30 
35 
Newspectrum 
LTE upgrades 
Wi-Fi offload 
Small cellsinc Wi-Fi 
Flexiblenetworks 
CoMP 
% of new capacity 
2013 
2018
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2013 
www.maravedis-bwa.com 
5 
More antennas or more cells? 
September 
2014 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 
• 
OR 
0 
1,000,000 
2,000,000 
3,000,000 
4,000,000 
5,000,000 
6,000,000 
7,000,000 
8,000,000 
2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 
2017 
2018 
units 
MIMO 
Small cells 
Source Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014
Towards hyper-density 
September 
2014 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 
•Separate layer of small cells 
•Spectral/spatial reuse 
•Capacity/coverage 
•Location awareness 
•Wi-Fi integration 
•Higher power first? 
•How dense? 
•Qualcomm Nascar 
•Known benefits –but do they scale? 
Source Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014 
Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014- All rights reserved
Enablers and barriers 
September 
2014 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 
•Next gen SON 
–True plug and play 
•Next gen interference management, eICIC 
•Flexible cells 
–Dynamic coordination 
–pCell 
–Cognitive radio 
–Ad hoc viral networks 
–Opportunistic cells 
•Multiflow 
•Indoor out, 4G homespots 
•WiFiand WiGig 
•Partners egutilities 
•Diminishing returns? 
•Chaotic capacity 
•Network becomes ‘unplanned’ at one end, massive management challenges at the other 
–Viral not optimal 
–Plug and play vsfully flexible 
–Fewer cells under operator control eghomespots 
–BSS/OSS/analytics 
•Traditional concerns 
–Cost factors 
–Backhaul 
–Scalability 
–Devices 
www.maravedis-bwa.com 
Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014-All rights reserved
September 
2014 
Virtualizationand smallcells 
8 
Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014 
www.maravedis-bwa.com 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc2013. 
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
•FirststepstovirtualizedRAN 
–Extendbasestationhotel 
–Virtualizesomefunctions,nocloudyet 
•DriversfortruevRAN 
–Newdeploymentswithlowpower 
–Densification 
–TCO 
•Aboutsmallsites,overlapwithsmallcells 
•Virtualizationwillacceleratesomedensesmallcellprojects 
•Commoncore,managementandpolicytoolsallocateresourceswheremostneeded 
0 
10 
20 
30 
40 
50 
60 
70 
80 
2015 
2016 
2017 
2018 
2019 
% of MNOs 
RAN virtualization 
Small cells 
Both 
Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014-All rights reserved
September 
2014 
Virtualizationand smallcells 
9 
% naming as chief barrier to small cell RAN virtualization 
Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014 
www.maravedis-bwa.com 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc2013. 
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
•ConsiderablebarrierstovRANinalllayers 
•Earlytrialsandshowcaseshighlyproprietary 
•Operatorsneedconfidenceofcommonapproachandecosystembeforetheyinvest 
•Opportunityformultivendoropenenvironment 
•RoleforindustrybodiessuchasSCF 
18 
17 
16 
13 
12 
10 
10 
4 
Performance compromises 
Security issues 
Need for commonarchitecture 
Skills and culture 
Immature solutions 
Waste current investments 
Incomplete standards 
Server costs 
Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014-All rights reserved
10 
2014 RAN Service: 
www.maravedis-bwa.com 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc2014 
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
Description 
Deliverables 
Lead Analyst 
•Covers Macro cells, small cells and Carrier WiFi. 
•Carrier expectations & Trends. 
•Deployment forecasts 
2 comprehensive reports per year (PDF and Excel) 
Briefings for Clients ONLY 
6research notes per year 
Analyst Support 
Caroline Gabriel
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2013 
www.maravedis-bwa.com 
11 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc2014. 
Top 40 cellco groups 
Number and profile of cell sites 
Data requirements, location, business model, spectrum, regulatory 
Cell sites required to be added or upgraded 
Equipment and software deployed 2013-2018 + capex 
•Small cells and HetNet 
•Cloud-RAN/distributed RAN 
•Advanced Backhaul Strategies 
•Carrier Wi-Fi 
•TD-LTE 
•Evolved Packet Core 
•Caching and Video Traffic 
•RCS, Voice and VoLTE 
•LTE-A key features (Carrier aggregation, MIMO, CoMP) 
•SON and Virtualization 
Structure of RAN Service
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2013 
www.maravedis-bwa.com 
12 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc2014. 
Subscribe to our Weekly FREE Newsletters: 
Wireless Infrastructure Newsletter (WIN) every Tuesday 
Go to www.maravedis-bwa.com 
Wi-Fi Opportunity Network (WON) every Wednesday 
Go to www.wi-fi360.com 
Contact me at afellah@maravedis-bwa.comor call +1 305 865 1006
Don’t miss Avren’sforthcoming 
Small Cells Americas SummitCo-located with 
Small Cells Backhaul Americas andCarrier Wi-Fi Americas 
1-3 December 2014, The Fairmont, Dallas, Tx 
Find out more at www.smallcellsamericas.com
14 
www.maravedis-bwa.com 
Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2013. 
CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL 
Contact Information 
www.linkedin.com/in/maravedis 
www.twitter.com/maravedis 
MaravedisRethink 
info@maravedis-bwa.com 
http://www.maravedis-bwa.com 
+1 (305) 865 1006 
+1 (305) 503-8821 
Adlane Fellah, Customer Engagement 
Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014-All rights reserved
Hetnet Strategies 
Alberto Boaventura 
2014-09-24
Changes and Challenges 
Source: Ericsson 2013 
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 
1000 
1800 
Voice 
Data 
Total (UL+DL) traffic (PetaBytes) 
Source: Cisco VNI 2012 
12 
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 
6 
Mobile File Sharing 
Mobile M2M 
Mobile Web/Data 
Mobile Video 
Exabytes per month 
In 2016, Social Newtorking will be second 
highest penetrated consumer mobile service 
with 2, 4 billion users – 53% of consumer 
mobile users - Cisco 2012 
0,0 
0,5 
1,0 
1,5 
2,0 
2,5 
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* 
MBB Developing 
MBB Developed 
FBB Developing 
FBB Developed 
World Broadband Subscriptions (Billions) 
Source: ITU/ICT/MIS 2014 
132 89 113 147 
117 161 146 103 
181 170 149 151 
110 59 66 43 
540 min 
479 min 474 min 444 min 
Indonesia China Brazil USA 
TV Laptop+PC Smartphone Tablet 
Source: KPCB & Milward Brown 2014 
Daily Distr. Of Screen Minutes 
13 kbps 50 kbps 
125 
kbps 
200 
kbps 
684 
kbps 
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 
Source: Cisco VNI (2010/2011/2012/2013) 
242% 
2009 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 
10 
6 
LTE 
UMTS/HSPA 
GSM;EDGE 
TD-SCDMA 
CDMA 
Other 
World Mobile Sub. (Billions) 
Source: Ericsson 2012 
Latin America Average Throughput 
TELECOM BECOMES MOBILE MOBILE BECOMES DATA DATA BECOMES VIDEO VIDEO BECOMES SOCIAL 
The Convention Industry Council Manual 
guidelines recommend 10 square feet per person. 
It represents 1 Million persons per km2. If all 
persons upload video with 64 kbps, it represents 
64 Gbps/km2! 
On the market demand in dense urban areas during business 
hours, it has been calculated that 800 Mbps/km2 are required 
(BuNGee and Artists4G Projects). 
This is an order of magnitude higher than the forward looking 
current state of the art, such as LTE. 
and mobile, data, video, social, cloud & games become crowd density traffic … 
Whatsapp: Over 50bn messages every day. 
Facebook: 1 billion of active users and a half 
of them use mobile access (488 million users) 
regularly. 
Twitter: 50% users are using the social 
network via mobile. 
YouTube: more than ¼ of users use in Mobile 
Device 
Instagram: The average Instagram mobile 
user spent two times comparing tp Twitter.
Changes and Challenges 
ITU-R M.2078 projection for the global spectrum 
requirements in order to accomplish the IMT-2000 
future development, IMT-Advanced, in 2020. 
531 
MHz 
749 
MHz 
971 
MHz 
749 
MHz 
557 
MHz 
723 
MHz 
997 
MHz 
723 
MHz 
587 
MHz 
693 
MHz 
1027 
MHz 
693 
MHz 
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 
MORE SPECTRUM NEW TECHNOLOGY SPLIT CELL 
푪 풃풑풔 ≤ 푩(푯풛) ∙ 풍풐품ퟐ ퟏ + 푺푰푵푹 
hnm 
h21 
h12 
h11 
Carrier Aggregation 
High Order MIMO 
Smallcells 
Heterogeneous Network 
Cell Site Densification
Why SmallCell?
Handling High Density Traffic 
2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 
2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
0,0 Mbps/km2 
500,0 Mbps/km2 
1000,0 Mbps/km2 
1500,0 Mbps/km2 
2000,0 Mbps/km2 
0,550 km 0,450 km 0,350 km 0,250 km 
DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC 
Coverage 
Radius 
Capacity 
2015 
Capacity 
2016 
Capacity 
2017 
A +63% 
C 
D 
+61% 
+54% 
B 
Bands below 1 GHz, such as 700 MHz is applicable for low 
density traffic, like: product in initial lifecycle; suburban and 
rural areas; 
When traffic is becoming more density, there is no difference 
between high and low spectrum band 
For crowd density traffic, SmallCells has higher capacity than 
macro cells with very cost effective 
Qualcomm estimates the gain for 32 SmallCells increase the 
network capacity in 37 x macro cells. 
SYSTEM TRAFFIC DENSITY COMPARISON 
800,0 Mbps/km2 
64000,0 Mbps/km2 
1 
10 
100 
1.000 
10.000 
100.000 
Macro (700) Macro (1800) Marcro (2600) Dual Layer SmallCell (*) 
LTE 2600 MHz (10) LTE 1800 MHz (10) LTE 700 MHz (10) 
Artists Crowd 
MBps/km2 
(*) Cell Range = 80m 
Green line represents the system capacity density. 
The capacity associated to coverage grid can capture the 
demand from 2013 till 2014 – Point A; 
However, for 2015 it is needed to increase 63% the number of 
sites, changing the exiting grid – Point B; 
In 2016 and 2017, they require more 61% and 54% more sites 
respectivelly; 
In that time, SmallCells are more appropriated infrastructure to 
save CapEx and OpEx;
TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES AND TOTAL COST OPERATION 
Cost Perspective 
25% 
45% 50% 
52% 
38% 35% 
23% 17% 15% 
Rooftop 30m Tower 50m Tower 
Infra BTS Transport 
Small Cell, 
existing fiber 
Small Cell, 
NLOS 
Owned 
Tower 
Leased 
Tower 
CapEx/Mbps 
8-year OpEx/Mbps 
$2K $4K $6K 
Source: Mobile Experts, 2012 
Source: Planning Area, Oi, 2012 
New Macro Site represents a huge impact in 
Wireless Operation total cost. 
And infrastructure is one of the main part. 
New SmallCells site can be 10 x cheaper than 
macro site 
NEW MACRO SITE CAPEX 
MACRO VS SMALLCELL COST $$$ 
$$$ 
$$$ 
$$$ 
$$$ 
$$$ 
1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 x 9 x 10 x 
2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5) +1800 MHz (10) SmallCell 
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 DOWNTOWN: HIGH 
DENSITY TRAFFIC 
 
Notes: 
2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario; 
+1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz using 1800 MHz in Basic Scenario coverage; 
+1800 (10): Same as above, but using 10 MHz; 
SmallCell: SmallCell using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz for bandwidth; 
TIMES BASIC 
SCENARIO 
COVERAGE 
CAPACITY 
 
TCO 
 
A B C 
Indifference between 
Macro 1800 & 2600 
MHz 
Macro LTE 1800 MHz 
for coverage 
Dual layer Macro LTE 
1800 & 2600 MHz 
181 265 890 
SmallCell 
2600 MHz 
푴풃풑풔 
풌풎ퟐ
Indoor Environment 
Frequency under 1 GHz has a good Indoor 
propagation. But lack bandwidth for 
capturing mobile broadband traffic. 
90 MHz 
150 MHz 
200 MHz 
13 GHz 
700 MHz 1800 MHz 3500 MHz mmWave 
INDOOR TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY BUILDING PENETRATION LOSS 
0,0 dB 10,0 dB 20,0 dB 
700 MHz 
900 MHz 
1800 MHz 
2100 MHz 
2600 MHz 
INDOOR LOST PERFORMANCE MACRO SITE DENSITY FOR INDOOR COMPENSATION 
39% 
32% 
14% 
4% 
11% 
In Car 
At Home 
At Work 
Travelling 
Others 
0 bps/Hz 
4 bps/Hz 
8 bps/Hz 
12 bps/Hz 
-130 dBm -110 dBm -90 dBm 
3GPP (LTE) Shannon 
Indoor Outdoor 
-50% 
50% of voice traffic and 80% of data traffic are 
performed in indoor environment; 
Building Penetration Loss varies around 10-20 dB, 
that reduces at minimum of 50% overall performance 
of outdoor macro sites; 
FREQUENCY DILEMMA 
0 
300 
600 
900 
0,50 km 0,45 km 0,40 km 0,35 km 0,30 km 0,25 km 
Indoor Outdoor 
219% 
High Concentration 
Traffic 
Low dense data traffic. It is 
dispersed in coverage area 
Indoor Environment Outdoor Environment 
The indoor traffic density can be thousand times higher 
than outdoor. For instance, in stadium & arenas, the 
Convention Industry Council Manual guidelines 
recommend 10 square feet per person. It represents 1 
Million persons per km2. If all persons upload video 
with 64 kbps, it represents 64 Gbps/km2 
2600 MHz (10 MHz) Graphs 
Better propagation 
Outdoor 
Coverage Radius 
Building Penetration Loss varies in each frequency. 
Lowest frequency has better propagation behavior. 
New Radius for 
increasing capacity 
Bandwidth 
Voice Originating Call 
Amount of Bandwidth 
Mbps/km2
What is Hetnet?
Hetnet Topology 
Residential and Enterprise (SME) Application - Indoor & Hotspots 
Metro Cell– Outdoor/Indoor & HetNet 
BBU 1 
BBU 2 
BBU N Video Cache 
BBU 
Hotel 
MME 
Core Network 
S/PGW 
Internet 
Inter-Cell Interference 
Coordination (ICIC ) 
Coordinated Multi- 
Point (CoMP)| 
Fronthaul with 
CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) 
Internet 
Video Cache 
Local Breakout 
(LIPA/SIPTO) 
Mini POP 
S1-APPL 
SEG MME 
Core Network 
Aggregation 
(ONT/DSLAM/BRAS) 
Backhaul 
S1 
Or Cloud RAN 
SmallCell in 
Lamp Pole 
Macro Cell 
Site 
Femtocell
Cloud RAN 
Fronthaul Interface Hardware 
Backplane 
Backhaul Interface Hardware 
Hardware Poll 
Virtualization Layer (Ex.: Hypervisor/VMM) 
VM BBU 1 VM BBU N 
Core 
Network 
Cache & 
Local 
Breakout 
... 
O&M/Control/Orchestrator 
Fronthaul: CPRI, 
OBSAI, ETSI ORI 
Internet 
RRU/ 
RRH 
Radio 
Unit 
Network Datacenter 
Only Radio Unit 
Backhaul IP 
RRU/ 
RRH 
Backhaul 
Core 
Network 
BBU BBU BBU 
Internet 
RRU/ 
RRH 
RRU/ 
RRH 
GbE 
Existing Deployed Topology 
Fronthaul 
Internet 
V-BBUs V-Core 
RRU/ 
RRH 
RRU/ 
RRH 
RRU/ 
RRH 
CPRI/ 
OBSAI 
Cloud RAN Topology 
DEPLOYMENT PARADIGM CHANGE 
PRINCIPLES AND ADVANTAGES 
ARCHITECTURE 
Network Function 
Virtualization 
Elastic & liquid Resources 
Operational Flexibility 
Reduces space and power 
consumption 
Reduces CapEx, OpEx and 
delivery time 
Software Defined Network 
Creates an abstraction layer 
for: controlling; faster 
development ; system service 
orchestration and overall 
system evolution; 
Open Development Interface 
Creates an open environment 
for new development; 
Catalyzes new SON & 
interference mitigation 
functionalities support;
Concerns
 Site aquisition: Given the limitation on the 
scope of the small cell, you have to know 
exactly where the traffic is generated and get 
the rights to install that exact spot. 
 New types of leases should be developed. 
 The expectation for the installation of Small 
scale is Cells that are an order of magnitude 
greater than the macro cells . 
 Visual Polution: Due a number of SmallCells, 
the shape and format may impact in acceptance 
to install in building and public facilities. 
 Small cell radius of coverage is reduced 
compared to macro, it is necessary to locate 
accurately the traffic sources; 
 The installation of small cell (site acquisition) 
occurs with small error regarding the location 
planned. 
 Heterogeneous RF planning requires how traffic 
will be handled by each layer. 
 For maximum result from the limited range 
making the reuse of the spectrum. 
 Reuse requires a plan of distribution of the cells 
very well done. 
 IP Access (MPLS-TP, Metro Eth, MDU) , Giga- 
Ether over 150 Mbps per BTS 
 Required necessarily optical fiber, but Radio 
NLOS can be alternative for higher capillarity 
 New synchronism support (IEEE 1588, SyncE) 
 e-ICIC requires synchronism deviation around 
1.5 s. 
 For CoMP, Latency must be below 1 ms 
 New interface other than IP: CPRI 
Backhaul & Fronthaul 
Pain Points 
 Downlink: Terminal camped on in macro is 
interfered by a small cell. And terminal served 
by a small cell to connect the edge of cell will 
be interfered by the macro cell. 
 Uplink : one terminal connected in macro and 
close to the cell border creates strong 
interference in a small cell next. And large 
number of connected terminals in small cells 
generate uplink interference in the macro cell. 
 They both are addressed with sofisticated 
mechanisms like ICIC, e-ICIC, Fe-ICIC, and CoMP 
Interference Mitigation 
 Mobility device in idle state impacts the 
relative load between layers and battery 
consumption and frequency of handovers. 
 Increase in handovers due to the small size of 
the cells increases the risk of dropped calls 
(Dropped Call Rate), 
 Devices in connected state may need to HO to a 
small cell and, if they are on different 
frequencies, will need efficient scheme 
discovery of small cell that minimizes the 
impact on battery consumption. 
 Traffic/Capacity balancing with several 
resources and frequencies 
Mobility Management 
Planning Deployment and Rollout 
 The range in the number of radio stations in the 
layer of Small Cells should be an order of 
magnitude larger than the current one. 
 The way to optimize and operate should fit 
depending less manual intervention. Resources 
SON (Self Organizing Networks) will be 
important to maintain a good performance. 
 Service Availability: Internal battery must be 
required for accomplishing service SLA 
requirements. 
 The licensing cost (TFI/TFF) was a recent issue 
but still exist for SmallCells with higher power 
Operational
Cases & Concerns 
Femtocell 3G Wi-Fi DAS 
Indoor 
SmallCell 
Outdoor 
SmallCell HetNet LTE 
Motivation Indoor coverage 
improvement and Voice 
traffic offload 
Indoor coverage 
improvement and 3G 
data traffic offload 
(capacity) 
Indoor coverage and 
neutral host deployment 
style 
Coverage and Capacity Outdoor Capacity Outdoor Capacity 
Demand Voice 3G 3G (mainly) and LTE 
data 
All demands (2G, 3G, 
LTE, Wi-Fi) 
LTE, 3G LTE, 3G LTE 
Frequency Licensed 2100 MHz Outdoor: 2.4 MHz 
Outdoor Hotspot: 5 
MHz 
Indoor : 5 MHz. 
Licensed and Unlicensed Preference of higher 
frequency above 1 GHz, 
such as 2600 MHz or 
3500 MHz 
Shared and/or 
Unlicensed Frequency 
Preference of higher 
frequency above 1 GHz, 
such as 2600 MHz or 
3500 MHz 
Shared and/or 
Unlicensed Frequency 
Preference of higher 
frequency above 1 GHz, 
such as 2600 MHz or 
3500 MHz 
Shared and/or 
Unlicensed Frequency 
Latency 
Requirement 
Milliseconds Milliseconds N/A Milliseconds 
Milliseconds 
Microseconds 
Ex.: time accuracy for e- 
ICIC is around +/- 1.5 s 
Throughput 
Requirement 
10 Mbps Depends on AP version: 
802.11g ~ 30 Mbps 
802.11n ~200 Mbps 
802.11ac ~ 1 Gbps 
N/A 3G: N x 20 Mbps 
LTE: N x 150 Mbps 
3G: N x 20 Mbps 
N x 150 Mbps 
> 5 Gbps 
Ex.: Uncompressed CPRI 
for MIMO 2x2 requires 
9.8 Gbps. 
Backhaul & 
Fronthaul 
Customer Premises, 
ADSL 
MetroEthernet 
/GPON/PTN 
Dark fiber Backhaul S1 over IP 
MetroEthernet 
/GPON/PTN 
NLOS Radio 
SON MultiPoint System 
MetroEthernet 
/GPON/PTN 
CPRI/OBSAI over Fiber 
CPRI over E-Band Radio 
SON MultiPoint System
What are we doing?
Oi Wi-Fi Initiatives 
2011: Oi signed up 
partnership with FON. 
2011: Oi started tests 
with pilot using public 
payphone as access 
point. 
2012+: Oi deploys 
Carrier Wi-Fi in 
hotspot in main 
Brazilian cities 
2010: Oi bought Vex, 
the biggest Wi-Fi 
operator in Brasil 
Backhaul 
RESTAURANT 
WAG 
S11 
PCRF 
HLR/HSS 
OCS/ 
OFCS 
Internet 
S5 
S-GW P-GW 
MME 
IMS 
Gx 
S6a Rx 
SGi 
Gy/Gz 
Sy 
Ro/Rf 
Sh 
Sp 
3GPP AAA 
Wp/S2a 
Wa/Wg 
Evolved Packet Core 
FON Core Network 
AAA Fonera Others 
Wx 
IP VPN 
890.054 
3.503 2.056 799 175 138 22 
Oi Net LINKTEL TIM Vivo Sercomtel Others 
Source: Teleco Ago/2014 
Oi is leader of Wi-Fi coverage in Brazil and 
planned at end of 2014 to reach to 1 million of 
Access Points 
Vex Box 
Enterprise 
corporate 
Residential 
ADSL modem with Wi-Fi
FIFA 2014 World Cup 
0 GB 
200 GB 
400 GB 
Argentina 
vs Bosnia 
Spain vs 
Chile 
Belgium vs 
Russia 
Equator vs 
France 
Colombia 
vs Uruguay 
France vs 
Germany 
12 Cities 
More than 70 event venues: Stadiums, Venue Hotels, FIFA 
Headquarters, Referee Hotel, VIP Hotel, Airports, Transportation 
Deports, Venue Ticketing Centers, etc. 
Fully redundant WAN Backbone to support: 
• 22 x ISP from 2 MBps to 1 Gbps; 
• 70 x MPLS connections from 6 Mbps to 155 Mbps; 
• 2 x LAN to LAN connections of 10 Gbps 
Local Area and Wireless Network to support staging, 
deployment, operations and support of approximately: 
• More than 1000 network elements (including core switches, 
access switches and firewalls); 
• More than 700 network access points; 
• 7900 cat5 network ports and accessories (path cords, optical 
cords, racks, etc.) 
PROVIDED INFRASTRUCTURE TO FIFA ORGANIZATION MARACANÃ’S GAMES 
In total, 217 Access Points 
have been installed and 
each with 450 Mbps. 
The Wi-Fi traffic for all 
operators in Maracanã 
during 6 matches 
surpassed 1900 GB. 
74738 
74101 
73819 73749 73804 
74240 
Argentina 
vs Bosnia 
Spain vs 
Chile 
Belgium vs 
Russia 
Equator vs 
France 
Colombia 
vs Uruguay 
France vs 
Germany 
In average, the 6 soccer matches have had over 74k 
attendees, almost full capacity occupancy. 
Oi Wi-Fi offloaded 37% of all its mobile data traffic. 
Corresponding 10 Mbps per open session, with 
average duration superior to 3 minutes.
Rural Suburban Urban Dense Urban Ultra Dense Urban & Indoor 
Individual Satellite or 
Backhauling Satellite. 
Residential & Enterprise Wi-Fi 
3G HSPA 
Macro LTE 2600 MHz (Anatel 
Obligation) 
Residential, Enterprise & 
corporate Wi-Fi 
Indoor DAS 
3G HSPA densification 
Macro LTE 2600 MHz densification 
Residential, Enterprise & 
corporate Wi-Fi 
Metro Wi-Fi 
Wi-Fi Public Payphone 
Indoor DAS 
3G HSPA densification 
Macro LTE 2600 MHz densification 
Residential, Enterprise & corporate 
Wi-Fi 
Metro Wi-Fi 
Wi-Fi Public Payphone 
Indoor DAS 
3G HSPA densification 
Macro LTE 2600 MHz densification 
LTE 450 MHz (under analysis) 
or 1800 MHz 
Residential & Enterprise Wi-Fi 
3G HSPA 
Femtocell for 3G indoor coverage & 
voice offload 
SmallCell to indoor 
Macro LTE 1800 MHz for traffic 
below 181 Mbps/km2 
Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi 
Femtocell for 3G 
SmallCell to indoor & outdoor 
Hetnet 
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) 
Wi-Fi Public Payphone 
Indoor DAS 
3G HSPA densification 
Macro LTE 2600 MHz densification 
Dual Frequency Layer LTE for load 
balancing or CA 
Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi 
Femtocell for 3G 
SmallCell to indoor & outdoor 
Hetnet 
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) 
Wi-Fi Public Payphone 
Indoor DAS 
3G HSPA densification 
Multi-sector Macro & LTE 2600 
MHz densification 
Dual Frequency Layer LTE for load 
balancing or CA 
Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi 
Femtocell for 3G 
SmallCell to indoor & outdoor 
Cloud RAN & Hetnet 
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) 
Wi-Fi Public Payphone 
Indoor DAS 
3G HSPA densification 
High Order MIMO/FD-MIMO 
Multi sector Macro & LTE 2600 MHz 
densification 
Multiple Frequency Layer LTE for load 
balancing or CA 
LTE 450 MHz (under analysis) 
or 1800 MHz 
Wi-Fi 802.11af (TVWS) – M2M 
Residential & Enterprise Wi-Fi 
3G HSPA 
Femtocell for 3G indoor coverage & 
voice offload 
SmallCell to indoor 
Macro LTE 1800 MHz for traffic 
below 181 Mbps/km2 
Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi 
Femtocell for 3G 
SmallCell to indoor & outdoor 
Hetnet 
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) 
Wi-Fi Public Payphone 
Multiple Frequency Layer LTE for 
load balancing or CA 
Resi, Enter. & Corp. Wi-Fi 
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ax -HEW) 
Wi-Fi Public Payphone 
Cloud RAN & HetNet 
High Order MIMO/FD-MIMO 
Multi sector Macro & Multiple 
Frequency Layer LTE for load 
balancing or CA 
Resi, Enter. & Corp. Wi-Fi 
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ax -HEW) 
Wi-Fi Public Payphone 
Cloud RAN & HetNet 
High Order MIMO/FD-MIMO 
Multi sector Macro & Multiple 
Frequency Layer LTE for load 
balancing or CA 
Coverage & Capacity Strategy Example 
Short 
Term 
Mid 
Term 
Long 
Term 
푴풃풑풔 
풌풎ퟐ 
Macro <1 GHz 
Macro Mddle Freq. 
Macro High Freq. 
SmallCell/Wi-FI
Alberto Boaventura 
alberto@oi.net.br 
+55 21 98875 4998 
THANKS! OBRIGADO!

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HETNET Strategies with Oi Brazil and Maravedis-Rethink Sept 2014

  • 1. June 1 CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2014 HETNET Strategies with OiBrazil Webinar September 24, 2014 Caroline Gabriel, Research Director, Maravedis-Rethink Alberto Boaventura, Technology consultant, OiBrazil
  • 2. June 2 CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2014 What a small cell will look like in 2015 September 24, 2014 Caroline Gabriel, Research Director, Maravedis-Rethink
  • 3. Drivers for density September 2014 Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014- All rights reserved •Massive increase in data traffic •Limited ability to cope with traditional models •Spectral efficiency •Higher bandwidth •Combined with cost pressures •Critical to reduce radiated power – battery life, not coverage, limits usage Source Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 $bn Capacity investments Data revenues
  • 4. CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2013 www.maravedis-bwa.com 4 Mobile operator options September 2014 Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 •Defer capacity investment •Reduce costs •WiFioffload •New architectures •Network sharing •Virtualization •Optimize network •Traffic management •SON •But all this is defensive, about cost cutting •Some will embrace dumb pipe or wholesale only ... But who pays? % of new mobile data capacity MNOs expect to gain from various techniques in 2013 and 2018 Source Maravedis-Rethink operator survey 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Newspectrum LTE upgrades Wi-Fi offload Small cellsinc Wi-Fi Flexiblenetworks CoMP % of new capacity 2013 2018
  • 5. CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2013 www.maravedis-bwa.com 5 More antennas or more cells? September 2014 Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 • OR 0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 units MIMO Small cells Source Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014
  • 6. Towards hyper-density September 2014 Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 •Separate layer of small cells •Spectral/spatial reuse •Capacity/coverage •Location awareness •Wi-Fi integration •Higher power first? •How dense? •Qualcomm Nascar •Known benefits –but do they scale? Source Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014 Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014- All rights reserved
  • 7. Enablers and barriers September 2014 Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2014 •Next gen SON –True plug and play •Next gen interference management, eICIC •Flexible cells –Dynamic coordination –pCell –Cognitive radio –Ad hoc viral networks –Opportunistic cells •Multiflow •Indoor out, 4G homespots •WiFiand WiGig •Partners egutilities •Diminishing returns? •Chaotic capacity •Network becomes ‘unplanned’ at one end, massive management challenges at the other –Viral not optimal –Plug and play vsfully flexible –Fewer cells under operator control eghomespots –BSS/OSS/analytics •Traditional concerns –Cost factors –Backhaul –Scalability –Devices www.maravedis-bwa.com Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014-All rights reserved
  • 8. September 2014 Virtualizationand smallcells 8 Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014 www.maravedis-bwa.com Copyright © Maravedis Inc2013. CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL •FirststepstovirtualizedRAN –Extendbasestationhotel –Virtualizesomefunctions,nocloudyet •DriversfortruevRAN –Newdeploymentswithlowpower –Densification –TCO •Aboutsmallsites,overlapwithsmallcells •Virtualizationwillacceleratesomedensesmallcellprojects •Commoncore,managementandpolicytoolsallocateresourceswheremostneeded 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 % of MNOs RAN virtualization Small cells Both Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014-All rights reserved
  • 9. September 2014 Virtualizationand smallcells 9 % naming as chief barrier to small cell RAN virtualization Maravedis-Rethink operator survey June 2014 www.maravedis-bwa.com Copyright © Maravedis Inc2013. CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL •ConsiderablebarrierstovRANinalllayers •Earlytrialsandshowcaseshighlyproprietary •Operatorsneedconfidenceofcommonapproachandecosystembeforetheyinvest •Opportunityformultivendoropenenvironment •RoleforindustrybodiessuchasSCF 18 17 16 13 12 10 10 4 Performance compromises Security issues Need for commonarchitecture Skills and culture Immature solutions Waste current investments Incomplete standards Server costs Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014-All rights reserved
  • 10. 10 2014 RAN Service: www.maravedis-bwa.com Copyright © Maravedis Inc2014 CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL Description Deliverables Lead Analyst •Covers Macro cells, small cells and Carrier WiFi. •Carrier expectations & Trends. •Deployment forecasts 2 comprehensive reports per year (PDF and Excel) Briefings for Clients ONLY 6research notes per year Analyst Support Caroline Gabriel
  • 11. CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2013 www.maravedis-bwa.com 11 Copyright © Maravedis Inc2014. Top 40 cellco groups Number and profile of cell sites Data requirements, location, business model, spectrum, regulatory Cell sites required to be added or upgraded Equipment and software deployed 2013-2018 + capex •Small cells and HetNet •Cloud-RAN/distributed RAN •Advanced Backhaul Strategies •Carrier Wi-Fi •TD-LTE •Evolved Packet Core •Caching and Video Traffic •RCS, Voice and VoLTE •LTE-A key features (Carrier aggregation, MIMO, CoMP) •SON and Virtualization Structure of RAN Service
  • 12. CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL Copyright © Maravedis-Rethink 2013 www.maravedis-bwa.com 12 Copyright © Maravedis Inc2014. Subscribe to our Weekly FREE Newsletters: Wireless Infrastructure Newsletter (WIN) every Tuesday Go to www.maravedis-bwa.com Wi-Fi Opportunity Network (WON) every Wednesday Go to www.wi-fi360.com Contact me at afellah@maravedis-bwa.comor call +1 305 865 1006
  • 13. Don’t miss Avren’sforthcoming Small Cells Americas SummitCo-located with Small Cells Backhaul Americas andCarrier Wi-Fi Americas 1-3 December 2014, The Fairmont, Dallas, Tx Find out more at www.smallcellsamericas.com
  • 14. 14 www.maravedis-bwa.com Copyright © Maravedis Inc 2013. CLIENT CONFIDENTIAL Contact Information www.linkedin.com/in/maravedis www.twitter.com/maravedis MaravedisRethink info@maravedis-bwa.com http://www.maravedis-bwa.com +1 (305) 865 1006 +1 (305) 503-8821 Adlane Fellah, Customer Engagement Copyright©Maravedis-Rethink 2014-All rights reserved
  • 15. Hetnet Strategies Alberto Boaventura 2014-09-24
  • 16. Changes and Challenges Source: Ericsson 2013 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 1000 1800 Voice Data Total (UL+DL) traffic (PetaBytes) Source: Cisco VNI 2012 12 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 6 Mobile File Sharing Mobile M2M Mobile Web/Data Mobile Video Exabytes per month In 2016, Social Newtorking will be second highest penetrated consumer mobile service with 2, 4 billion users – 53% of consumer mobile users - Cisco 2012 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014* MBB Developing MBB Developed FBB Developing FBB Developed World Broadband Subscriptions (Billions) Source: ITU/ICT/MIS 2014 132 89 113 147 117 161 146 103 181 170 149 151 110 59 66 43 540 min 479 min 474 min 444 min Indonesia China Brazil USA TV Laptop+PC Smartphone Tablet Source: KPCB & Milward Brown 2014 Daily Distr. Of Screen Minutes 13 kbps 50 kbps 125 kbps 200 kbps 684 kbps 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: Cisco VNI (2010/2011/2012/2013) 242% 2009 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 10 6 LTE UMTS/HSPA GSM;EDGE TD-SCDMA CDMA Other World Mobile Sub. (Billions) Source: Ericsson 2012 Latin America Average Throughput TELECOM BECOMES MOBILE MOBILE BECOMES DATA DATA BECOMES VIDEO VIDEO BECOMES SOCIAL The Convention Industry Council Manual guidelines recommend 10 square feet per person. It represents 1 Million persons per km2. If all persons upload video with 64 kbps, it represents 64 Gbps/km2! On the market demand in dense urban areas during business hours, it has been calculated that 800 Mbps/km2 are required (BuNGee and Artists4G Projects). This is an order of magnitude higher than the forward looking current state of the art, such as LTE. and mobile, data, video, social, cloud & games become crowd density traffic … Whatsapp: Over 50bn messages every day. Facebook: 1 billion of active users and a half of them use mobile access (488 million users) regularly. Twitter: 50% users are using the social network via mobile. YouTube: more than ¼ of users use in Mobile Device Instagram: The average Instagram mobile user spent two times comparing tp Twitter.
  • 17. Changes and Challenges ITU-R M.2078 projection for the global spectrum requirements in order to accomplish the IMT-2000 future development, IMT-Advanced, in 2020. 531 MHz 749 MHz 971 MHz 749 MHz 557 MHz 723 MHz 997 MHz 723 MHz 587 MHz 693 MHz 1027 MHz 693 MHz Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 MORE SPECTRUM NEW TECHNOLOGY SPLIT CELL 푪 풃풑풔 ≤ 푩(푯풛) ∙ 풍풐품ퟐ ퟏ + 푺푰푵푹 hnm h21 h12 h11 Carrier Aggregation High Order MIMO Smallcells Heterogeneous Network Cell Site Densification
  • 19. Handling High Density Traffic 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 0,0 Mbps/km2 500,0 Mbps/km2 1000,0 Mbps/km2 1500,0 Mbps/km2 2000,0 Mbps/km2 0,550 km 0,450 km 0,350 km 0,250 km DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC Coverage Radius Capacity 2015 Capacity 2016 Capacity 2017 A +63% C D +61% +54% B Bands below 1 GHz, such as 700 MHz is applicable for low density traffic, like: product in initial lifecycle; suburban and rural areas; When traffic is becoming more density, there is no difference between high and low spectrum band For crowd density traffic, SmallCells has higher capacity than macro cells with very cost effective Qualcomm estimates the gain for 32 SmallCells increase the network capacity in 37 x macro cells. SYSTEM TRAFFIC DENSITY COMPARISON 800,0 Mbps/km2 64000,0 Mbps/km2 1 10 100 1.000 10.000 100.000 Macro (700) Macro (1800) Marcro (2600) Dual Layer SmallCell (*) LTE 2600 MHz (10) LTE 1800 MHz (10) LTE 700 MHz (10) Artists Crowd MBps/km2 (*) Cell Range = 80m Green line represents the system capacity density. The capacity associated to coverage grid can capture the demand from 2013 till 2014 – Point A; However, for 2015 it is needed to increase 63% the number of sites, changing the exiting grid – Point B; In 2016 and 2017, they require more 61% and 54% more sites respectivelly; In that time, SmallCells are more appropriated infrastructure to save CapEx and OpEx;
  • 20. TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES AND TOTAL COST OPERATION Cost Perspective 25% 45% 50% 52% 38% 35% 23% 17% 15% Rooftop 30m Tower 50m Tower Infra BTS Transport Small Cell, existing fiber Small Cell, NLOS Owned Tower Leased Tower CapEx/Mbps 8-year OpEx/Mbps $2K $4K $6K Source: Mobile Experts, 2012 Source: Planning Area, Oi, 2012 New Macro Site represents a huge impact in Wireless Operation total cost. And infrastructure is one of the main part. New SmallCells site can be 10 x cheaper than macro site NEW MACRO SITE CAPEX MACRO VS SMALLCELL COST $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ $$$ 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 x 9 x 10 x 2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5) +1800 MHz (10) SmallCell 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC  Notes: 2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario; +1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz using 1800 MHz in Basic Scenario coverage; +1800 (10): Same as above, but using 10 MHz; SmallCell: SmallCell using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz for bandwidth; TIMES BASIC SCENARIO COVERAGE CAPACITY  TCO  A B C Indifference between Macro 1800 & 2600 MHz Macro LTE 1800 MHz for coverage Dual layer Macro LTE 1800 & 2600 MHz 181 265 890 SmallCell 2600 MHz 푴풃풑풔 풌풎ퟐ
  • 21. Indoor Environment Frequency under 1 GHz has a good Indoor propagation. But lack bandwidth for capturing mobile broadband traffic. 90 MHz 150 MHz 200 MHz 13 GHz 700 MHz 1800 MHz 3500 MHz mmWave INDOOR TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY BUILDING PENETRATION LOSS 0,0 dB 10,0 dB 20,0 dB 700 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 2100 MHz 2600 MHz INDOOR LOST PERFORMANCE MACRO SITE DENSITY FOR INDOOR COMPENSATION 39% 32% 14% 4% 11% In Car At Home At Work Travelling Others 0 bps/Hz 4 bps/Hz 8 bps/Hz 12 bps/Hz -130 dBm -110 dBm -90 dBm 3GPP (LTE) Shannon Indoor Outdoor -50% 50% of voice traffic and 80% of data traffic are performed in indoor environment; Building Penetration Loss varies around 10-20 dB, that reduces at minimum of 50% overall performance of outdoor macro sites; FREQUENCY DILEMMA 0 300 600 900 0,50 km 0,45 km 0,40 km 0,35 km 0,30 km 0,25 km Indoor Outdoor 219% High Concentration Traffic Low dense data traffic. It is dispersed in coverage area Indoor Environment Outdoor Environment The indoor traffic density can be thousand times higher than outdoor. For instance, in stadium & arenas, the Convention Industry Council Manual guidelines recommend 10 square feet per person. It represents 1 Million persons per km2. If all persons upload video with 64 kbps, it represents 64 Gbps/km2 2600 MHz (10 MHz) Graphs Better propagation Outdoor Coverage Radius Building Penetration Loss varies in each frequency. Lowest frequency has better propagation behavior. New Radius for increasing capacity Bandwidth Voice Originating Call Amount of Bandwidth Mbps/km2
  • 23. Hetnet Topology Residential and Enterprise (SME) Application - Indoor & Hotspots Metro Cell– Outdoor/Indoor & HetNet BBU 1 BBU 2 BBU N Video Cache BBU Hotel MME Core Network S/PGW Internet Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC ) Coordinated Multi- Point (CoMP)| Fronthaul with CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) Internet Video Cache Local Breakout (LIPA/SIPTO) Mini POP S1-APPL SEG MME Core Network Aggregation (ONT/DSLAM/BRAS) Backhaul S1 Or Cloud RAN SmallCell in Lamp Pole Macro Cell Site Femtocell
  • 24. Cloud RAN Fronthaul Interface Hardware Backplane Backhaul Interface Hardware Hardware Poll Virtualization Layer (Ex.: Hypervisor/VMM) VM BBU 1 VM BBU N Core Network Cache & Local Breakout ... O&M/Control/Orchestrator Fronthaul: CPRI, OBSAI, ETSI ORI Internet RRU/ RRH Radio Unit Network Datacenter Only Radio Unit Backhaul IP RRU/ RRH Backhaul Core Network BBU BBU BBU Internet RRU/ RRH RRU/ RRH GbE Existing Deployed Topology Fronthaul Internet V-BBUs V-Core RRU/ RRH RRU/ RRH RRU/ RRH CPRI/ OBSAI Cloud RAN Topology DEPLOYMENT PARADIGM CHANGE PRINCIPLES AND ADVANTAGES ARCHITECTURE Network Function Virtualization Elastic & liquid Resources Operational Flexibility Reduces space and power consumption Reduces CapEx, OpEx and delivery time Software Defined Network Creates an abstraction layer for: controlling; faster development ; system service orchestration and overall system evolution; Open Development Interface Creates an open environment for new development; Catalyzes new SON & interference mitigation functionalities support;
  • 26.  Site aquisition: Given the limitation on the scope of the small cell, you have to know exactly where the traffic is generated and get the rights to install that exact spot.  New types of leases should be developed.  The expectation for the installation of Small scale is Cells that are an order of magnitude greater than the macro cells .  Visual Polution: Due a number of SmallCells, the shape and format may impact in acceptance to install in building and public facilities.  Small cell radius of coverage is reduced compared to macro, it is necessary to locate accurately the traffic sources;  The installation of small cell (site acquisition) occurs with small error regarding the location planned.  Heterogeneous RF planning requires how traffic will be handled by each layer.  For maximum result from the limited range making the reuse of the spectrum.  Reuse requires a plan of distribution of the cells very well done.  IP Access (MPLS-TP, Metro Eth, MDU) , Giga- Ether over 150 Mbps per BTS  Required necessarily optical fiber, but Radio NLOS can be alternative for higher capillarity  New synchronism support (IEEE 1588, SyncE)  e-ICIC requires synchronism deviation around 1.5 s.  For CoMP, Latency must be below 1 ms  New interface other than IP: CPRI Backhaul & Fronthaul Pain Points  Downlink: Terminal camped on in macro is interfered by a small cell. And terminal served by a small cell to connect the edge of cell will be interfered by the macro cell.  Uplink : one terminal connected in macro and close to the cell border creates strong interference in a small cell next. And large number of connected terminals in small cells generate uplink interference in the macro cell.  They both are addressed with sofisticated mechanisms like ICIC, e-ICIC, Fe-ICIC, and CoMP Interference Mitigation  Mobility device in idle state impacts the relative load between layers and battery consumption and frequency of handovers.  Increase in handovers due to the small size of the cells increases the risk of dropped calls (Dropped Call Rate),  Devices in connected state may need to HO to a small cell and, if they are on different frequencies, will need efficient scheme discovery of small cell that minimizes the impact on battery consumption.  Traffic/Capacity balancing with several resources and frequencies Mobility Management Planning Deployment and Rollout  The range in the number of radio stations in the layer of Small Cells should be an order of magnitude larger than the current one.  The way to optimize and operate should fit depending less manual intervention. Resources SON (Self Organizing Networks) will be important to maintain a good performance.  Service Availability: Internal battery must be required for accomplishing service SLA requirements.  The licensing cost (TFI/TFF) was a recent issue but still exist for SmallCells with higher power Operational
  • 27. Cases & Concerns Femtocell 3G Wi-Fi DAS Indoor SmallCell Outdoor SmallCell HetNet LTE Motivation Indoor coverage improvement and Voice traffic offload Indoor coverage improvement and 3G data traffic offload (capacity) Indoor coverage and neutral host deployment style Coverage and Capacity Outdoor Capacity Outdoor Capacity Demand Voice 3G 3G (mainly) and LTE data All demands (2G, 3G, LTE, Wi-Fi) LTE, 3G LTE, 3G LTE Frequency Licensed 2100 MHz Outdoor: 2.4 MHz Outdoor Hotspot: 5 MHz Indoor : 5 MHz. Licensed and Unlicensed Preference of higher frequency above 1 GHz, such as 2600 MHz or 3500 MHz Shared and/or Unlicensed Frequency Preference of higher frequency above 1 GHz, such as 2600 MHz or 3500 MHz Shared and/or Unlicensed Frequency Preference of higher frequency above 1 GHz, such as 2600 MHz or 3500 MHz Shared and/or Unlicensed Frequency Latency Requirement Milliseconds Milliseconds N/A Milliseconds Milliseconds Microseconds Ex.: time accuracy for e- ICIC is around +/- 1.5 s Throughput Requirement 10 Mbps Depends on AP version: 802.11g ~ 30 Mbps 802.11n ~200 Mbps 802.11ac ~ 1 Gbps N/A 3G: N x 20 Mbps LTE: N x 150 Mbps 3G: N x 20 Mbps N x 150 Mbps > 5 Gbps Ex.: Uncompressed CPRI for MIMO 2x2 requires 9.8 Gbps. Backhaul & Fronthaul Customer Premises, ADSL MetroEthernet /GPON/PTN Dark fiber Backhaul S1 over IP MetroEthernet /GPON/PTN NLOS Radio SON MultiPoint System MetroEthernet /GPON/PTN CPRI/OBSAI over Fiber CPRI over E-Band Radio SON MultiPoint System
  • 28. What are we doing?
  • 29. Oi Wi-Fi Initiatives 2011: Oi signed up partnership with FON. 2011: Oi started tests with pilot using public payphone as access point. 2012+: Oi deploys Carrier Wi-Fi in hotspot in main Brazilian cities 2010: Oi bought Vex, the biggest Wi-Fi operator in Brasil Backhaul RESTAURANT WAG S11 PCRF HLR/HSS OCS/ OFCS Internet S5 S-GW P-GW MME IMS Gx S6a Rx SGi Gy/Gz Sy Ro/Rf Sh Sp 3GPP AAA Wp/S2a Wa/Wg Evolved Packet Core FON Core Network AAA Fonera Others Wx IP VPN 890.054 3.503 2.056 799 175 138 22 Oi Net LINKTEL TIM Vivo Sercomtel Others Source: Teleco Ago/2014 Oi is leader of Wi-Fi coverage in Brazil and planned at end of 2014 to reach to 1 million of Access Points Vex Box Enterprise corporate Residential ADSL modem with Wi-Fi
  • 30. FIFA 2014 World Cup 0 GB 200 GB 400 GB Argentina vs Bosnia Spain vs Chile Belgium vs Russia Equator vs France Colombia vs Uruguay France vs Germany 12 Cities More than 70 event venues: Stadiums, Venue Hotels, FIFA Headquarters, Referee Hotel, VIP Hotel, Airports, Transportation Deports, Venue Ticketing Centers, etc. Fully redundant WAN Backbone to support: • 22 x ISP from 2 MBps to 1 Gbps; • 70 x MPLS connections from 6 Mbps to 155 Mbps; • 2 x LAN to LAN connections of 10 Gbps Local Area and Wireless Network to support staging, deployment, operations and support of approximately: • More than 1000 network elements (including core switches, access switches and firewalls); • More than 700 network access points; • 7900 cat5 network ports and accessories (path cords, optical cords, racks, etc.) PROVIDED INFRASTRUCTURE TO FIFA ORGANIZATION MARACANÃ’S GAMES In total, 217 Access Points have been installed and each with 450 Mbps. The Wi-Fi traffic for all operators in Maracanã during 6 matches surpassed 1900 GB. 74738 74101 73819 73749 73804 74240 Argentina vs Bosnia Spain vs Chile Belgium vs Russia Equator vs France Colombia vs Uruguay France vs Germany In average, the 6 soccer matches have had over 74k attendees, almost full capacity occupancy. Oi Wi-Fi offloaded 37% of all its mobile data traffic. Corresponding 10 Mbps per open session, with average duration superior to 3 minutes.
  • 31. Rural Suburban Urban Dense Urban Ultra Dense Urban & Indoor Individual Satellite or Backhauling Satellite. Residential & Enterprise Wi-Fi 3G HSPA Macro LTE 2600 MHz (Anatel Obligation) Residential, Enterprise & corporate Wi-Fi Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification Macro LTE 2600 MHz densification Residential, Enterprise & corporate Wi-Fi Metro Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Public Payphone Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification Macro LTE 2600 MHz densification Residential, Enterprise & corporate Wi-Fi Metro Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Public Payphone Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification Macro LTE 2600 MHz densification LTE 450 MHz (under analysis) or 1800 MHz Residential & Enterprise Wi-Fi 3G HSPA Femtocell for 3G indoor coverage & voice offload SmallCell to indoor Macro LTE 1800 MHz for traffic below 181 Mbps/km2 Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi Femtocell for 3G SmallCell to indoor & outdoor Hetnet Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) Wi-Fi Public Payphone Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification Macro LTE 2600 MHz densification Dual Frequency Layer LTE for load balancing or CA Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi Femtocell for 3G SmallCell to indoor & outdoor Hetnet Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) Wi-Fi Public Payphone Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification Multi-sector Macro & LTE 2600 MHz densification Dual Frequency Layer LTE for load balancing or CA Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi Femtocell for 3G SmallCell to indoor & outdoor Cloud RAN & Hetnet Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) Wi-Fi Public Payphone Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification High Order MIMO/FD-MIMO Multi sector Macro & LTE 2600 MHz densification Multiple Frequency Layer LTE for load balancing or CA LTE 450 MHz (under analysis) or 1800 MHz Wi-Fi 802.11af (TVWS) – M2M Residential & Enterprise Wi-Fi 3G HSPA Femtocell for 3G indoor coverage & voice offload SmallCell to indoor Macro LTE 1800 MHz for traffic below 181 Mbps/km2 Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi Femtocell for 3G SmallCell to indoor & outdoor Hetnet Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) Wi-Fi Public Payphone Multiple Frequency Layer LTE for load balancing or CA Resi, Enter. & Corp. Wi-Fi Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ax -HEW) Wi-Fi Public Payphone Cloud RAN & HetNet High Order MIMO/FD-MIMO Multi sector Macro & Multiple Frequency Layer LTE for load balancing or CA Resi, Enter. & Corp. Wi-Fi Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ax -HEW) Wi-Fi Public Payphone Cloud RAN & HetNet High Order MIMO/FD-MIMO Multi sector Macro & Multiple Frequency Layer LTE for load balancing or CA Coverage & Capacity Strategy Example Short Term Mid Term Long Term 푴풃풑풔 풌풎ퟐ Macro <1 GHz Macro Mddle Freq. Macro High Freq. SmallCell/Wi-FI
  • 32. Alberto Boaventura alberto@oi.net.br +55 21 98875 4998 THANKS! OBRIGADO!