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European exploration of canada
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1. European Exploration of Canada
2. European Exploration of Canada
Who discovered and explored the land we know as Canada?
Was it the first people who crossed the land bridge? Was it the Norse people of northern Europe ?
Or was it John Cabot or Jacques Cartier who first claimed it for their respective nations?
In reality, the exploration of Canada was accomplished by many people and nations over thousands
of years.
3. First Settlement
The first settlers of Canada were people from Asia.
They migrated via the Bering Strait land bridge (connecting Siberia and Alaska) some 12000 years
ago.
These first settlers are the present day native Inuit.
4. The First European Explorers - Vikings
In the 11 th century, the Norse people of Scandinavia (Vikings), had already established a
reputation in Europe for being great boat builders and daring in their seamanship.
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1541 1543
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4. 10/21/2014 European exploration of canada
They used their boats to carry out raids on their European neighbors, and then to travel to Iceland
and Greenland.
5. The First European Explorers- Vikings
With their extensive travels, a group of Norse caught the first glimpses of North America.
The telling of these trans-oceanic adventures was passed down to others by oral tradition and then
written down in what has become known as the Vinland Sagas.
These stories tell of the journeys of various Norse including Leif Erikson and the discovery of
Vinland.
6. The First European Explorers- Vikings
Viking contact is supported by the remains of a Viking settlement in L'Anse Aux Meadows,
Newfoundland.
The Vikings were the first to cross the Atlantic to live in North America. They did not stay long
and it would be another 500 years before another European would sail to North America.
L'Anse Aux Meadows Reconstruction of Viking Site - Newfoundland
7. Viking Exploration
8. 16 th Century European Exploration
In the 16 th century, several European countries were determined to find a sea route to the rich
trading countries in the east as they wanted to avoid the dangerous overland journeys through the
Muslim empires.
The Portuguese sailed down the cost of Africa and east to the Indies. The Spanish sailed west after
Columbus’ voyage and soon controlled the central and southern parts of the Americas.
England and France had little choice but to look for another way. They believed this other way lay
north of Spanish control – the Northwest Passage.
9.
Giovanni Caboto was an experienced Italian navigator, known to the English as John Cabot.
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He was hired by King Henry VII of England to make a voyage of discovery westward, looking for
a route to Asia.
In 1497, he left England and one month later saw land. He called it ‘new found land’ and traveled
along for 30 days before returning to England.
Cabot believed he had reached Asia and was then sent on a second voyage to explore the land he
claimed for England,
England – John Cabot
10. England – John Cabot
Cabot was the first to report on a part of America after Columbus, but his explorations were further
north in colder regions on the shores of what we know as Canada today.
Without a ship’s log, historians have still been able to use various accounts to piece together
Cabot’s journeys. They believe he visited the land between Labrador and Cape Breton.
Cabot’s second journey (May 1498) to Newfoundland was ill-fated. He never returned.
11. England – John Cabot
12.
Even though the land of Canada was claimed by the English, it was the French who first began to
explore further inland and set up colonies.
It began in 1534 when the King of France, Francois I, sent Jacques Cartier to, “discover certain
islands and lands where it is said there is large amount of gold and other riches to be found.”
France – Jacques Cartier Jacque Cartier
13. France – Jacques Cartier
Cartier left for Canada with two ships and 61 men to look for a way to Asia. In the course of this
search, he explored what later became known as Newfoundland, the Magdalen Islands, Prince
Edward Island and the Gaspé Peninsula.
While at Prince Edward Island, he traded with the native people. This was the first act of much
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trade between the French and native people.
Cartier was also the first European to explore deeply into the interior through the St Lawrence
River.
14. France – Jacques Cartier Cartier’s First Voyage
15. France – Jacques Cartier Cartier’s Second Voyage
16.
Martin Frobisher was the first Englishman since Cabot to look for the Northwest Passage.
The Northwest Passage was the fabled sea route that Europeans hoped would link them to Asia.
European exploration for this passage made them aware of a whole new world or continent which
proved to be profitable through fishery and fur trade.
Frobisher though, in his pursuit for the Northwest Passage was the first European to sail into what
later became known as the Hudson Strait.
England – Martin Frobisher
17. England – Martin Frobisher Frobisher’s First Voyage - June 7, 1576 - October 9, 1576 Frobisher’s
Third Voyage - May 31, 1578 - August, 1578
18. 17 th Century European Exploration
One hundred years after the first explorations, Europeans were taking advantage of fishing
Canada’s rich Atlantic waters.
At the turn of the 17 th century, trade with the natives grew with the rich resource being beaver
furs.
The growth in this industry led to the first European settlements in Canada.
The most prominent of the explorers/settlers was the Frenchman Samuel De Champlain.
16 th Century Map showing the areas with lots of Cod
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19.
Samuel De Champlain was a sailor who became respected for his skills in navigating and
mapmaking.
He was instrumental in forming alliances with the native peoples in Canada and generally opening
North America up to French trade.
He spent months at a time exploring and recording his travels.
France – Samuel De Champlain Champlain’s Map of New France (1632)
20.
On July 3, 1608, he established the first permanent settlement of Quebec in Canada.
Champlain was also the first European to see the Great Lakes.
France – Samuel De Champlain
21. France – Samuel De Champlain Champlain’s First Voyage – July 1603
22. France – Samuel De Champlain Champlain’s Second Voyage – May 1604
23. France – Samuel De Champlain
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