Introduction to
Software Engineering
Arry Akhmad Arman
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Email: arman@kupalima.com
Website: http://www.kupalima.com
Blog: http://kupalima.wordpress.com
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Last update: September 2008
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software are everywhere!
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Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software are everywhere!
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Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software are everywhere!
y
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Current State of
Human Civilization
Hardware
technology
Software
technology
gy
Network
technology
Mechanical
technology
Other
technologies Information Society
Information Technology Knowledge Society
is an enabler in
Information S i t or
I f ti Society
Knowledge Society
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

The Importance of Software
in Human Life
• Millennium Bug (Y2K) !
– Warning of Y2K bug one
decade before 2000.
– Clinton’s government budget
li ’ b d
for Y2K is around 3.4B USD
[
[source: http://cnn.com]
p // ]
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Importance of Software
[Roger S. Pressman]
S
Become a driving
force
Key difference Engine that
d
modern products
d t Importance of drives b i
d i business
and services. Software decision making.
Basis for modern
scientific
investigation
problem solving
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Importance of Software
[Roger S. Pressman]
S
• It is embedded in system of all kinds : transportation,
medical, telecommunications, military, industrial
process, entertainment, office products, … the list is
almost endless.
• Software is virtually inescapable in a modern world.
• And as we move into the twenty-first century, it will
y y,
become the driver for new advances in
everything from elementary education to genetic
engineering.
engineering
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Role of Software
Software as a product Software as a tools
to d
develop product
l d
• Software-software yang dapat
menjalankan fungsi secara • Tools untuk menghasilkan
l
langsung, seperti W d
ti Word t
suatu produk, seperti movie
d k ti i
processor, Spreadsheet, dan editor
sebagainya. • Operating System
• Software-software embedded
Software software • Compilers
dalam berbagai perangkat :
• Development Tools
router, cellular phones, dan
sebagainya.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

IT roles has been predicted since ….
p
• Osborne, 1979 “new industrial
1979,
revolution”
• Toffler, 1980, “advent of microelectronics
part of the third wave of change in human
Alvin Toffler
history
• Naisbitt, 1982, predicted a
transformation from industrial society to
information society
John Naisbitt
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

IT roles has been predicted since ….
p
• Feigenbaum and McCorduck, 1983 1983,
“information and knowledge (controlled
by computers) would be the focal point for
p
power in 21 century
• Stoll, 1989, “electronic community”
created by networks and software was the key
to knowledge interchange throughout the
world
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Strategic and Innovative Industry
g y
• Dalam buku “…impact of IS on the US and the world”,
Feigenbaum & McCroduck menyatakan :
– “Knowledge is power, and the computer is an
amplifier of that power… The American computer
industry has been innovative, vital, succesfull. It is, in a
way, the ideal industry. ……….. But what about
tomorrow ?”
• Tomorrow : Computer menjadi komoditas yang
dapat disediakan oleh banyak pihak. Software
masih menjadi industri yang “inovatif vital dan sukses
inovatif, sukses”
• US bertahan untuk menjadi terdepan dalam industri
software.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software Industries Area
BaliCamp, Indonesia
Silicon Valley, US
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Bangalore, India’s Silicon Valley
g , y
Sumber: Foto Arry Akhmad Arman dari CeBIT 2005 di Hannover, Jerman
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Thailand
Sumber: Foto Arry Akhmad Arman dari CeBIT 2005 di Hannover, Jerman
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Silicon Valley
y
Looking h
L ki west over northern S J f Silicon V ll
(downtown i at far left) and other parts of Sili
San Jose (d is f l f ) d h Valley
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software menggeser p
gg peranan hardware
• Trend :
– Hardware berubah menjadi platform yang semakin
“general purpose”
– Karakteristik sistem ditentukan oleh software.
– Software memegang peranan yang semakin penting.
• Contoh : Komputer, modem, IC, sentral telpon
digital,
digital dan sebagainya
sebagainya.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Pengertian Software
g
• Software adalah
– (1) instruksi-instruksi (program komputer) yang pada
instruksi instruksi
saat dieksekusi akan menjalankan fungsi tertentu
dengan kinerja (performance) tertentu,
– ( ) struktur data yang memungkinkan program untuk
(2) k d ki k k
dapat memanipulasi informasi, dan
– (3) dokumen-dokumen yang menggambarkan operasi
dokumen dokumen
dan penggunaan program
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Evolusi Software…….
• 1950-1965 : Batch orientation,
limited distribution, custom software
• 1964-1974 : Multi user, Real-time,
Database, Product Software
• 1973-1988 : Distributed System Embedded “Intelligence”,
System, Intelligence
Low Cost Hardware, Consumer Impact
• 1985-2000 : Powerful desktop system, Object Oriented
Technology, Expert S
T h l E System, A ifi i l N
Artificial Neural N
l Network, P l l
k Paralel
Computing, Internet (Global Network), Multimedia
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Perspektif Industri
p
• Computer based system
– Awal : hardware-oriented management, cost terbesar
dialokasikan pada hardware
– Kini : terjadi perubahan besar, software mengambil
besar
peranan yang lebih penting, cost terbesar bergeser
pada software.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Karakteristik Software
o og ;
• Software : logical; Selain software : fisik; sehingga
o ; gg
karakteristiknya tidak sama.
• Karakteristik Software
k k f
– Software is developed, it is not manufactured in the classical
sense.
– Software doesn’t “wear out”
– Most software is custom-built, rather than being assembled
from existing co po e ts.
o e st g components.
– Note : dengan berkembangnya teknologi OOP, pengembangan
software berbasis komponen semakin banyak dilakukan
dilakukan.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Hardware Characteristic
infant
ware out
t
mortality
fa ilu re ra te
e
time
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software Characteristics
increased failure
rate due to side effects
Failure
rate
change
actual curve
idealized curve
Time
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software Types
yp
• System Software
• Real-time Software
• Business Software
• Engineering & Scientific Software
• Embedded Software
• PC Software
• Web-based
Web based Software
• Artificial Intelligence Software
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software Sistem
• Software Sistem adalah software
yang berfungsi untuk melayani
software lainnya
• T
Tugas utama : resource sharing,
t h i
scheduling, manajemen proses,
interface eksternal, dll.
Application
• Contoh : compiler, utility Software
manajemen file, komponen-
komponen sistem operasi, driver
operasi driver, Operating System
dan sebagainya.
Hardware
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Realtime Software
• Software yang berfungsi untuk memonitor/ menganalisis/mengontrol
kejadian kejadian dalam “real world .
kejadian-kejadian real world”
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Real-time System Configuration
y g
Integrator/
monitoring
Kontrol/
Akuisisi Analisis
Output
Response time
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software Bisnis
• Merupakan daerah
aplikasi software terbesar
• Dibuat untuk
mempercepat proses
bisnis dan mempermudah
pengambilan keputusan
• Berhubungan dengan
database yang besar
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software Embedded
• Produk-produk
p
mekanik/elektronik semakin
“pintar” karena dilengkapi
dengan p
g prosesor dan software
yang embeded didalamnya.
• Software biasanya disimpan
dalam ROM/EPROM
• Software melakukan fungsi-
fungsi yang sederhana
• Contoh : VCR, televisi, mesin
cuci, dashboard mobil, dan
sebagainya.
b i
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software Web-based
• Software Web-based pada prinsipnya merupakan kombinasi dari
bahasa untuk memformat dokumen (HTML) serta instruksi-
instruksi yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk
– CGI
– Java
– Perl Hardware Software
CGI
Internet
Web S
W b Server
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Software Intelligence
g
• Software Intelligence adalah software
yang dapat menggantikan sebagian
fungsi kecerdasan.
• Salah satu bentuk aplikasi yang populer
adalah “Expert System”.
• Berkembang pula “Artificial Neural
Network”
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Do machine can be smarter
than human??
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Deep Blue vs Garry Kasparov
p y p
• Deep Blue, the screen of which is
seen here as the computer plays
chess against Garry Kasparov in
1997, is an IBM supercomputer
that uses scalable parallel
processing to solve complex
problems.
• Deep Blue uses 256 processors
working together to calculate
between 50 and 100 billion Real world applications of computers
chess moves in under three like Deep Blue include forecasting
minutes. the weather, drug and genetics
research, designing clean-up
plans for toxic waste, and
powering web servers on the
Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2005.
© 1993-2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Internet.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Closing Remarks
g
• Software menduduki peranan yang semakin
strategis dibandingkan hardware
• Hardware menjadi sub-sistem yang dibuat
j b y g b
semakin generik. Fungsi sistem ditentukan oleh
software
• Industri software menjadi salah satu industri
strategis yang sudah dikembangkan di berbagai
negara dan harus dik b
d h dikembangkan pula di
k l
Indonesia.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008

Thank you
y
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Arry, Farid, Armein
Jembatan Golden Gate, San-Francisco, 2001
Dalam rangka Comparative Study
Untuk Pengembangan Industri Software di Indonesia
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008