1. Introduction to
Software Engineering
Arry Akhmad Arman
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Email: arman@kupalima.com
Website: http://www.kupalima.com
Blog: http://kupalima.wordpress.com
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Last update: September 2008
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
2. Software are everywhere!
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Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
3. Software are everywhere!
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Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
4. Software are everywhere!
y
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
5. Current State of
Human Civilization
Hardware
technology
Software
technology
gy
Network
technology
Mechanical
technology
Other
technologies Information Society
Information Technology Knowledge Society
is an enabler in
Information S i t or
I f ti Society
Knowledge Society
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
6. The Importance of Software
in Human Life
• Millennium Bug (Y2K) !
– Warning of Y2K bug one
decade before 2000.
– Clinton’s government budget
li ’ b d
for Y2K is around 3.4B USD
[
[source: http://cnn.com]
p // ]
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
7. Importance of Software
[Roger S. Pressman]
S
Become a driving
force
Key difference Engine that
d
modern products
d t Importance of drives b i
d i business
and services. Software decision making.
Basis for modern
scientific
investigation
problem solving
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
8. Importance of Software
[Roger S. Pressman]
S
• It is embedded in system of all kinds : transportation,
medical, telecommunications, military, industrial
process, entertainment, office products, … the list is
almost endless.
• Software is virtually inescapable in a modern world.
• And as we move into the twenty-first century, it will
y y,
become the driver for new advances in
everything from elementary education to genetic
engineering.
engineering
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
9. Role of Software
Software as a product Software as a tools
to d
develop product
l d
• Software-software yang dapat
menjalankan fungsi secara • Tools untuk menghasilkan
l
langsung, seperti W d
ti Word t
suatu produk, seperti movie
d k ti i
processor, Spreadsheet, dan editor
sebagainya. • Operating System
• Software-software embedded
Software software • Compilers
dalam berbagai perangkat :
• Development Tools
router, cellular phones, dan
sebagainya.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
10. IT roles has been predicted since ….
p
• Osborne, 1979 “new industrial
1979,
revolution”
• Toffler, 1980, “advent of microelectronics
part of the third wave of change in human
Alvin Toffler
history
• Naisbitt, 1982, predicted a
transformation from industrial society to
information society
John Naisbitt
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
11. IT roles has been predicted since ….
p
• Feigenbaum and McCorduck, 1983 1983,
“information and knowledge (controlled
by computers) would be the focal point for
p
power in 21 century
• Stoll, 1989, “electronic community”
created by networks and software was the key
to knowledge interchange throughout the
world
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
12. Strategic and Innovative Industry
g y
• Dalam buku “…impact of IS on the US and the world”,
Feigenbaum & McCroduck menyatakan :
– “Knowledge is power, and the computer is an
amplifier of that power… The American computer
industry has been innovative, vital, succesfull. It is, in a
way, the ideal industry. ……….. But what about
tomorrow ?”
• Tomorrow : Computer menjadi komoditas yang
dapat disediakan oleh banyak pihak. Software
masih menjadi industri yang “inovatif vital dan sukses
inovatif, sukses”
• US bertahan untuk menjadi terdepan dalam industri
software.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
13. Software Industries Area
BaliCamp, Indonesia
Silicon Valley, US
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
14. Bangalore, India’s Silicon Valley
g , y
Sumber: Foto Arry Akhmad Arman dari CeBIT 2005 di Hannover, Jerman
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
15. Thailand
Sumber: Foto Arry Akhmad Arman dari CeBIT 2005 di Hannover, Jerman
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
16. Silicon Valley
y
Looking h
L ki west over northern S J f Silicon V ll
(downtown i at far left) and other parts of Sili
San Jose (d is f l f ) d h Valley
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
17. Software menggeser p
gg peranan hardware
• Trend :
– Hardware berubah menjadi platform yang semakin
“general purpose”
– Karakteristik sistem ditentukan oleh software.
– Software memegang peranan yang semakin penting.
• Contoh : Komputer, modem, IC, sentral telpon
digital,
digital dan sebagainya
sebagainya.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
18. Pengertian Software
g
• Software adalah
– (1) instruksi-instruksi (program komputer) yang pada
instruksi instruksi
saat dieksekusi akan menjalankan fungsi tertentu
dengan kinerja (performance) tertentu,
– ( ) struktur data yang memungkinkan program untuk
(2) k d ki k k
dapat memanipulasi informasi, dan
– (3) dokumen-dokumen yang menggambarkan operasi
dokumen dokumen
dan penggunaan program
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
19. Evolusi Software…….
• 1950-1965 : Batch orientation,
limited distribution, custom software
• 1964-1974 : Multi user, Real-time,
Database, Product Software
• 1973-1988 : Distributed System Embedded “Intelligence”,
System, Intelligence
Low Cost Hardware, Consumer Impact
• 1985-2000 : Powerful desktop system, Object Oriented
Technology, Expert S
T h l E System, A ifi i l N
Artificial Neural N
l Network, P l l
k Paralel
Computing, Internet (Global Network), Multimedia
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
20. Perspektif Industri
p
• Computer based system
– Awal : hardware-oriented management, cost terbesar
dialokasikan pada hardware
– Kini : terjadi perubahan besar, software mengambil
besar
peranan yang lebih penting, cost terbesar bergeser
pada software.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
21. Karakteristik Software
o og ;
• Software : logical; Selain software : fisik; sehingga
o ; gg
karakteristiknya tidak sama.
• Karakteristik Software
k k f
– Software is developed, it is not manufactured in the classical
sense.
– Software doesn’t “wear out”
– Most software is custom-built, rather than being assembled
from existing co po e ts.
o e st g components.
– Note : dengan berkembangnya teknologi OOP, pengembangan
software berbasis komponen semakin banyak dilakukan
dilakukan.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
22. Hardware Characteristic
infant
ware out
t
mortality
fa ilu re ra te
e
time
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
23. Software Characteristics
increased failure
rate due to side effects
Failure
rate
change
actual curve
idealized curve
Time
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
24. Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
25. Software Types
yp
• System Software
• Real-time Software
• Business Software
• Engineering & Scientific Software
• Embedded Software
• PC Software
• Web-based
Web based Software
• Artificial Intelligence Software
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
26. Software Sistem
• Software Sistem adalah software
yang berfungsi untuk melayani
software lainnya
• T
Tugas utama : resource sharing,
t h i
scheduling, manajemen proses,
interface eksternal, dll.
Application
• Contoh : compiler, utility Software
manajemen file, komponen-
komponen sistem operasi, driver
operasi driver, Operating System
dan sebagainya.
Hardware
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
27. Realtime Software
• Software yang berfungsi untuk memonitor/ menganalisis/mengontrol
kejadian kejadian dalam “real world .
kejadian-kejadian real world”
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
28. Real-time System Configuration
y g
Integrator/
monitoring
Kontrol/
Akuisisi Analisis
Output
Response time
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
29. Software Bisnis
• Merupakan daerah
aplikasi software terbesar
• Dibuat untuk
mempercepat proses
bisnis dan mempermudah
pengambilan keputusan
• Berhubungan dengan
database yang besar
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
30. Software Embedded
• Produk-produk
p
mekanik/elektronik semakin
“pintar” karena dilengkapi
dengan p
g prosesor dan software
yang embeded didalamnya.
• Software biasanya disimpan
dalam ROM/EPROM
• Software melakukan fungsi-
fungsi yang sederhana
• Contoh : VCR, televisi, mesin
cuci, dashboard mobil, dan
sebagainya.
b i
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
31. Software Web-based
• Software Web-based pada prinsipnya merupakan kombinasi dari
bahasa untuk memformat dokumen (HTML) serta instruksi-
instruksi yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk
– CGI
– Java
– Perl Hardware Software
CGI
Internet
Web S
W b Server
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
32. Software Intelligence
g
• Software Intelligence adalah software
yang dapat menggantikan sebagian
fungsi kecerdasan.
• Salah satu bentuk aplikasi yang populer
adalah “Expert System”.
• Berkembang pula “Artificial Neural
Network”
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
33. Do machine can be smarter
than human??
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
35. Closing Remarks
g
• Software menduduki peranan yang semakin
strategis dibandingkan hardware
• Hardware menjadi sub-sistem yang dibuat
j b y g b
semakin generik. Fungsi sistem ditentukan oleh
software
• Industri software menjadi salah satu industri
strategis yang sudah dikembangkan di berbagai
negara dan harus dik b
d h dikembangkan pula di
k l
Indonesia.
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008
36. Thank you
y
THIS SLIDES CAN BE DOWNLOADED IN
http://www.slideshare.net/kupalima
Arry, Farid, Armein
Jembatan Golden Gate, San-Francisco, 2001
Dalam rangka Comparative Study
Untuk Pengembangan Industri Software di Indonesia
Arry Akhmad Arman School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics | ITB | 2008