Diabetes is a disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are two main types - type 1 caused by the immune system attacking insulin-producing cells, and type 2 which occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore insulin. Risk factors include family history, age, weight, and race/ethnicity. Symptoms include excessive thirst, hunger, urination and fatigue. Treatment involves diet, exercise, medication and insulin as needed to control blood sugar levels and prevent short and long term complications affecting organs like the eyes, kidneys and heart. Current research focuses on prediction, prevention and management of diabetes as well as its complications.

1. Diabetes By Yasmin Mansor Evelyn Villarruel Mahad Salat Mohammad Hadi

4. Diabetes type II

5. Causes of the diseases

6. Signs & symptoms

7. Controlling & Treatment Diabetes

8. Long & short term effects

9. Current research

11. Diabetes Type II Diabetes type 2 is the most common than diabetes type 1 because of that it is caused by two factors : the body does not produce enough insulin , the cells do not response to insulin or in some cases they are ignoring the insulin When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two major problems: the cells will be starved for energy. high blood glucose levels may lead to damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart.

13. People who are overweight are more likely to get diabetes because fats does not allow body to use insulin properly.

15. Age greater than 45

16. HDL (good cholesterol) cholesterol of less than 35 mg/dL. “Some experts believe that HDL removes excess cholesterol from arterial plaque, slowing its buildup.”

18. Regular blood sugar is between 60 and 99 mg/dL

19. Level of sugar between 60 and 120 mg/dL is considered pre-diabetic

20. Excessive thirst

22. Continuous itching of skin

23. Problems seeing clearly

24. Fatigue

25. Frequent urination

28. Type II diabetic patients may not need insulin

31. Long & short term effects The short-term dangers are most common among patients with Type I, though Type II patients taking the class of drugs known as sulfonylurea. The cumulative effects of diabetes are system wide Because diabetes causes both vascular and neurological damage, the end results are enormously significant. This is true for diabetics of both major types.

32. Current research Prediction and prevention of the disease through lifestyle modification and medications – especially because it may develop very slowly over time; Education and health service programs that ensure patients know everything they need to do to manage the disease; New technology and medications to combat insulin resistance and help patients regulate blood glucose, evaluated through clinical trials; Prevention and reversal of diabetes complications through eye, kidney and vascular cell biology research.

33. Current research Prediction and prevention of the disease through lifestyle modification and medications – especially because it may develop very slowly over time; Education and health service programs that ensure patients know everything they need to do to manage the disease; New technology and medications to combat insulin resistance and help patients regulate blood glucose, evaluated through clinical trials; Prevention and reversal of diabetes complications through eye, kidney and vascular cell biology research.

34. Facts and Myths about Diabetes 1. Diabetes is a silent epidemic and according to WHO there are 246 million people in the world living with diabetes. This is almost 6% of the world's adult population. 2. Diabetes in Asians is five times the rate of the white population 10. The current cost of treating diabetes and its complications in the world is estimated as US $ 215-375 billion. The disease is growing fastest in developing countries where there are more people in the lower and middle-income group.

35. Facts and Myths about Diabetes Myth #1 You can catch diabetes from someone else.No. Although we don’t know exactly why some people develop diabetes, we know diabetes is not contagious. It can’t be caught like a cold or flu. There seems to be some genetic link in diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle factors also play a part. Myth #2 People with diabetes can't eat sweets or chocolate.If eaten as part of a healthy meal plan, or combined with exercise, sweets and desserts can be eaten by people with diabetes. They are no more “off limits” to people with diabetes, than they are to people without diabetes. Myth #3 Eating too much sugar causes diabetes. No. Diabetes is caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. However, being overweight does increase your risk for developing type 2 diabetes. If you have a history of diabetes in your family, eating a healthy meal plan and regular exercise are recommended to manage your weight.

36. Myths Myth #4 People with diabetes should eat special diabetic foods. A healthy meal plan for people with diabetes is the same as that for everyone – low in fat (especially saturated and trans fat), moderate in salt and sugar, with meals based on whole grain foods, vegetables and fruit. Diabetic and “dietetic” versions of sugar-containing foods offer no special benefit. They still raise blood glucose levels, are usually more expensive and can also have a laxative effect if they contain sugar alcohols. Myth #5 If you have diabetes, you should only eat small amounts of starchy foods, such as bread, potatoes and pasta. Starchy foods are part of a healthy meal plan. What is important is the portion size. Whole grain breads, cereals, pasta, rice and starchy vegetables like potatoes, yams, peas and corn can be included in your meals and snacks. The key is portions. For most people with diabetes, having 3-4 servings of carbohydrate-containing foods is about right. Whole grain starchy foods are also a good source of fiber, which helps keep your gut healthy.

37. Conclusion :- + = That’s the best you can do

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