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1. 11
Advice: Should, Shouldn’t,
Ought to, Had Better, and
Had Better Not
Advice for Travelers
Focus on Grammar 2
Part XI, Unit 38
By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ Wells
Copyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. You Should Finish Packing !
You ought
You
I think you
shouldn’t
to bring a
should take
forget your
Spanish
some warm What should I
dictionary.
passport.
sweaters. pack for my trip
to Peru?

3. Should
Use should to give advice or talk about what
is right to do.
You should obey
the traffic laws of
this city.

4. Form
Should is followed by the base form of the
verb.
Base Form
Verb
He should to get a better map.
He should get a better map.
He should gets a better map.

5. Negative
Use should not for the negative.
You should not
bring so many
suitcases.

6. Contraction
Use the contraction shouldn’t in speaking
and informal writing.
You shouldn’t
get lost.

7. Present and Future
We use should to talk about the present or
future.
Present
I should put on some
sunscreen right now.
Future
We should take another
tour tomorrow.

8. Use should or shouldn’t + the
Practice 1 base form verb to give advice
for each situation.
Example: 1.
He should see
a doctor.
2. 3.

9. Ought to
Ought to means the same as should.
I ought to
get some
insect
repellent.

10. Usage Note 1
Ought to is not usually used in questions or
negative statements.
Ought I toopen
Should I open
the window?

11. Usage Note 2
To sound more polite, use I think or Maybe
before saying “you should” or “you ought to.”
Maybe you I think you
should should buy
leave me cheaper airline
alone. tickets .

12. Had Better and Had Better Not
Use had better to give advice. It is followed by the
base form of the verb. The negative is had better
not.
You had better call to
check your flight.
You had better remember
your passport.

13. Use should, shouldn’t, and ought to
with I think and maybe to give advice
Practice 2 about visiting your country. Use the
topics below.
Example: Food I think you
ought to try the
spiced lamb.
• Clothing
• Transportation
• Language
• Shopping
• Places to Visit
• Cultural Customs

14. References
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education and
its licensors. All rights reserved.