Abstract— Vehicular traffic collisions have become a major health concern nowadays. Traffic accidents are increasing every year with increase in number of vehicles. Various techniques have been proposed previously to assist the injured people in road accidents. It includes automatic estimation of severity about collisions and also to deploy emergency services to affected people. Present scenario gives the capability to notify them based on the concept of knowledge discovery on databases (KDD) and data mining processes. The proposed idea here is a novel and intelligent system to introduce a pre-collision warning system inside vehicles. This continuously monitors the driver status by detecting emotions by using sensors. It checks the pulse rate of the driver and gives alert when he is under stress and gives the message in display. By integrating Android application, the voice alert is provided to the passengers hence enhances more safe and comfort drive. Thus the work proposes a system that reduces the chance for accidents. Further in the case if crash occurs, the system automatically gives the information to the nearby rescue home within no time. The data is transmitted with the help of a wireless communication network and reaches the control unit. The control unit may be fixed at the hospital or nearby rescue center. The data sent includes time, location, severity of collision thereby ensures properly and timely assistance to the persons injured in collision.

1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 –JANUARY 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303
Automatic Pre-collision warning by Stress Detection
and fastest Rescue alert
Renu.T.R1
1
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department,
Hindusthan College of Engg. and Tech.,Coimbatore.
renurajan2@gmail.com
K.Sekar2
2
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department,
Hindusthan College of Engg. and Tech. Coimbatore.
kosekar_2007@yahoo.com
Abstract— Vehicular traffic collisions have become a major health concern nowadays. Traffic accidents are increasing every
year with increase in number of vehicles. Various techniques have been proposed previously to assist the injured people in road
accidents. It includes automatic estimation of severity about collisions and also to deploy emergency services to affected people.
Present scenario gives the capability to notify them based on the concept of knowledge discovery on databases (KDD) and data
mining processes. The proposed idea here is a novel and intelligent system to introduce a pre-collision warning system inside
vehicles. This continuously monitors the driver status by detecting emotions by using sensors. It checks the pulse rate of the
driver and gives alert when he is under stress and gives the message in display. By integrating Android application, the voice
alert is provided to the passengers hence enhances more safe and comfort drive. Thus the work proposes a system that reduces
the chance for accidents. Further in the case if crash occurs, the system automatically gives the information to the nearby rescue
home within no time. The data is transmitted with the help of a wireless communication network and reaches the control unit.
The control unit may be fixed at the hospital or nearby rescue center. The data sent includes time, location, severity of collision
thereby ensures properly and timely assistance to the persons injured in collision.
Index Terms— Android server application, Auto smart sensing unit, Embedded unit, Pre-collision warning system, Rescue
alert.
——————————  ——————————
1 INTRODUCTION
NDIA being a populated country, road traffic has also been getting
more and more congested, as a higher population and increased
business activities result in greater demand for cars and vehicles for
transportation. It was focused on how to build efficient highways and
roads. Then it was changed to concentrate in the pursuit of building
faster automobiles to surmount greater distances. Later the
technology revolutionized the cars embedding with sensors and
advanced electronics to make cars more intelligent, sensitive and
safe to drive. The reason behind to incorporate the safety factor in it
is the increased number of road fatalities. There are many aspects of
road safety namely status of road, prevention of crash, traffic
collision warning, obstacle detection and emergency responses.
Previous methods of assistances and emergency responses were
based on post crash detection system [3].The rescue time after the
crash is called by golden hour. It is the time within which medical or
surgical intervention by a specialized trauma team has the greatest
chance of rescuing life. The chances of survival falls when the
saving time elapses below 60 minutes. When an accident occurs,
crash detection systems can increase the protection of vehicle
occupants by detecting and recognizing the type and severity of the
collision, taking protection measures by analyzing the impact of
accidents occurred.
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Road traffic accidents (RTAs) being a major health
concern, it is estimated that about 1.2 million deaths and 50 million
injuries occurs every year in the world. RTA (Road Traffic
Accidents) are the main cause for death injuries in Ethiopia and
Korea. Thus, methods to reduce accident severity are of great interest
to traffic agencies and the public at large [1].In India it is estimated
that about 1.4 million serious road collisions occurs annually, hardly
0.4 million are recorded. Actually the real causes and consequences
are never known and only minimal percentage of accidents are
investigated. On analyzing socio-economic, political conditions,
generally, punishments are offended to larger vehicles. The only
remedy to improve road safety is to understand the causes and
consequences of road collisions so as to work out preventive
measures.
2 CAUSES FOR TRAFFIC COLLISIONS
The road fatalities usually happens due to many manmade and road
errors. Other contributing causes are detailed as due to stress,
drowsiness and disobeying rules of road.
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2.1 Due to Stress
The traffic accidents increased gradually, especially those
because of the drivers emotional constraints and in which the drivers
were liable [9].Stress is an emotion which everyone experience in
their personal and professional life. Many times the performance of a
person depends on skill and experience and also is expected to
depend on the stress level. Driving needs high level of concentration,
peculiarly while driving heavy goods in the public. If the driver is
distracted, stressed, fatigued or unwell and it will affects judgment
while driving. Any of these can slow down the reaction time and
driving in such a situation is unwise. The chances for accidents
increases when one is overworked, stressed or tired . If such a
situation arises driver should be aware of its consequences and
should act wise.
2.2 Disrespected Traffic rules
Since from the olden times certain rules and regulations governs
a man’s life. It governs our activities and alerts us from trespassing
our boundaries and threatening the security of others. Traffic Rules
belong to one such category and convey us our responsibilities, we
step on the road. But it’s important to bring to light the fact that in
the present time, these rules are disrespected and thrown to air. The
Indian roads are reeling heavily under the burden of ever-increasing
population that has paved way for a sudden rush of wheels. Life on
the road has now become a nightmare [13]. For the pedestrians and
the drivers the condition is same Such careless attitude leads to
traffic jams, increased accidents and road rage. All this clearly
highlights the negligence shown by the concerned authorities in
discharging their duties. The solution to this scenario is way beyond
the singular efforts and requires contribution from every road-user.
2.3 Due to drowsiness
Sleepiness, also referred to as drowsiness, is defined as the
need to fall in to sleep, a combinational process of both the rhythmic
notes and the need to sleep .Sleep can be irresistible; recognition is
emerging that neurobiological based sleepiness contributes to human
error in a variety of settings, and driving is no exception. There are
several causes for sleepiness/drowsy driving. Although alcohol and
some medications can independently paves sleepiness, the important
causes of sleepiness and drowsy driving in people without sleep
disorders are sleep restriction and sleep fragmentation [10].
3 PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The system architecture consists of the collision warning
approach consists of an embedded unit, wireless communication
module and a server application to deliver the alert. The driver unit is
connected to the sensors so that the engine ignites. Then the collision
warning is alerted first to the embedded unit. Even the chances for
collision exists and a post collision warning is delivered to the server
within a short time.
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Android application is preferred to faster rescue alert. The
architecture diagram is given in Figure 1.
Figure 1 System architecture
Emotions are a complex state of feeling that results in physical
and psychological changes that influence on one’s behavior. The
acting primarily on emotion may seem as if they are not thinking
present, but cognition is an important aspect of emotion, the chain of
events. The definition of emotion is a positive or negative experience
that is influenced with a particular pattern of physiological activity or
event. There are six basic emotions. They are anger, disgust, fear,
happiness, sadness and surprise. Detecting these types of emotions
are of a tedious task but the cause of accidents prone with increase in
anger and stress. The detection of above can decrease the accidents
to a great extend [14].
4 EMBEDDED AND SERVER UNIT
The embedded block diagram consists of the entire components
and sensors used for implementation. The sensors integration
provides pre collision assistance and the wireless communication
module is used only when collision occurs is illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Embedded unit
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Sensory unit
Rescue alert
Server
PC
Android app
Pre collision alert to
vehicle embedded unit
Post collision alert to
Wireless
communication
module
Driver unit
Belt
remove
sensor
Pulse rate
sensor
L
C
D
Android app
integration
Wireless communication
module
PIC 16F877A
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3. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
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In the proposed method the detection methodology is by sensors
attached to the body of driver. it takes the stress by monitoring heart
rate and gives assistance to the passengers by alert system. Our
proposed system consists of a pre collision alert system to the
passengers by incorporating sensing units. The sensing unit is
divided in to two
 Pulse rate sensing unit
 Vibration sensing unit
The driver should clip both the sensors to the body while ready
for a drive. The arrangement is made such a way that the engine
ignites only when the sensor is clipped. Thus provides more safety to
the passengers. The heart rate sensing unit consists of a pulse sensor
which monitors the pulse rate of the human body. And the vibration
sensor senses the accident when a definite threshold level is reached.
When the collision happens, the information is immediately sent to
the nearby rescue home through an Android application cell phone.
The information may include the position severity and time of the
collision occurred.
The block diagram representation consists of an airbag
deployment unit, heart rate unit, Android application, LCD display,
PIC microcontroller and a wireless communication module. The
project mainly target to avoid the chances of collisions by
introducing an intelligent embedded unit and secure the life of the
persons by providing immediate medical facility on time if they met
any accident. With the help of android application it sent message to
nearby police station and nearby hospital for help, and also sent
message to family or friends number. The information is sent to the
control unit and it is decoded using a level convertor and receives
them into Personal computer.
The receiver side consists of an application which is created in
Java platform. Eclipse tool is used to design webpage. The webpage
acts as a server to pass the information from PC to the Android
application. The server is named black box in the representation. Our
proposed system receives the alert to the android application and
thus alerts the friends and emergency healthcare through an Android
phone. The Sensor Detection and Intimation Design for a Black Box
is given in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Receiver black box unit.
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The data flow diagram is used for classifying system
requirements to major transformation that will designed to aid
communication. DFD shows the minimum contents of data stores
and is quite effective, especially when the required design is not
clear and the user and the analyst need a notational language for
communication.
5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The simulation diagram consists of PIC,LCD, DC motor and
sensor units. Simulation is done using Proteus 7.1 software. The
simulation window consists of a PIC microcontroller, LCD, display,
capacitors, resistors and sensors unit with press button. The initial
warning system consists of a message to clip the seatbelt and sensor
so that the ignition starts. The warning system includes
5.1 Seat belt alert system
Nowadays it is the strict law that drivers should wear seatbelt
during drive. This is to ensure that passenger safety and to avoid
injuries in minor crashes. Wearing seat belt reduces the head bang to
a great extend and thus helps the driver to overcome jerks during
drive. Crashes happens at any time, anywhere. So the seat belt must
be always on whenever you are practice driving or going around in
vehicle. In our proposed method warning system includes the
seatbelt clip sensor to alert the driver whenever he forgets to clip it
with.
5.2 High pulse sensing system
By continuously monitoring the driver status the system checks
for a higher pulse rate. This is used in a context that pulse rate
increases with increase in emotion followed by uncontrolled
sweating and adrenaline rise. This is sensed and warned using
sensors fixed to human body. High pulse arises due to the stress arise
in human body. The first press button indicates the arrival of a higher
pulse. The system continuously monitors for higher pulse rate from
driver through monitoring heart rate. The heart rate sensors senses
the pulses and its count in a minute. If an abnormal pulse is detected
then the warning system gives the message as ―you are under stress
stop the vehicle‖.
5.3 Accident alert system
When the driver ignores the alert and again drives it with
stressed mind, collision may occur. A vibration sensor is used to
sense this and it displays as Airbag in the LCD display.
5.4 The server unit
At the receiver side ,a database is created by using a website
linked to it through a link. The link is established in MySQL server.
The database is created by entering The receiver side outputs are
categorized by Admin page of website and Database output in
MySQL server. The Webpage which is developed in Java platform is
used to access the database. It uses a user id and password. The login
page is used to enter the data inside the server as database .The
details are entered into database through it. The illustration is given
in Figure 4.
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Android
App
ServerCommunication
module
Black box

4. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
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Figure 4 Admin page of website.
The database may be defined as an organized collection of
related information. The organized information serves as a base from
which further recognizing can be retrieved desired information or
processing the data. The most important aspect of building an
application system is the design of tables. MySql server is used to
construct the database and it is linked to the created webpage
.Although risk for teens is more for road fatalities, crashes are
preventable. There are many precautions that we can take for
accident prevention. Drive safe by gaining driving skills with a
parent or other trusted adult.
The implementation is completed with the help of Android
application. Android is the most popular Operating system used
nowadays. The information from the embedded unit is send to the
server application.
The Android application consists of service and activity. The
activity gives the template format for accessing the database. The
service provides the information for rescue alert. It helps for
developing Android application by updating all the information
about rescue center in to the database. This is how the nearest place
is chosen when the collision happens. The data base consists of
hospital name, place and location with pin code and phone number.
It consists of table data as illustrated in Figure 5.
Figure 5 Database output
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The risk for the chances of collisions are greatly reduced when
the rescue alert is send earlier to the healthcare. While considering
the rescue factor in scale of percentage and time in seconds for
rescue alert the graphical illustration is given in Figure 6.
Figure 6 Rescue factor versus Time.
The advantages of the proposed work are
 More chances for saving life.
 Low cost.
 Prevent accident at most cases
 In the existing system, the action is taken only after the
accident but in the proposed system prevention of
accident is a major advantage.
Most of the road accidents occurs due to ninety percentage of
human errors. Therefore to focus on people in our traffic safety
program. Being a major health concern, accidents have to be
avoided but the complete avoidance is impossible since we humans
have some limitations.
6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
6.1 Conclusion
The proposed method consists of an auto smart sensing unit
which consists of a pulse rate sensor and vibration sensors and a
receiver unit to send the information to the emergency assistance.
The information is sent to the nearby emergency assistance by using
an Android application integration. The chances for occurrence of
accident is still existing. So when an accident occurs even after the
influence of pre collision warning system. The emotion detection
plays an important role in sensing. The factor includes a pulse
sensing unit to sense the emotions of stress. The pulse rate sensor
senses it and checks for the high pulse rate continuously.
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When the accident occurs even after this, a vibration sensor is
used to sense it and information is sent to receiver side. Airbag is
unlocked immediately when the vibration threshold exceeds a limit.
The existing system suggests only the pre collision warning systems;
but our proposed work gives the pre collision warning system with a
receiver unit.
6.2 Future enhancement
The application has a very greater hope, because human life is
more precious than any other thing, this project will really help to
provide more security and safety while travelling and also help to
provide immediate medical facility if any accidents happened. The
latest technical trends such as RF camera are coordinated with the
tradition technique for capturing the proper images during the
accident and send at the right time. The project mainly target to
secure the life of the persons by providing immediate medical
facility on time if they met any accident. The future emergency
website may give the link for each and every hospital separately and
gives much more better assistance in the collision detected area by
providing proper information at the correct time. With the
enhancement of webpage development in future the information
about the hospital is linked directly in to it and the alert with
information is sent to the friend’s number through an Android
application
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AUTHOUR PROFILE:
Renu.T.R obtained her B.E. in Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Anna university of Chennai
(2013), and now she is pursuing M.E. in Applied Electronics at
Hindustan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore
under Anna university of Chennai. She is currently doing her
project work on Autosmart warning using Intelligent
transportation system with rescue alert in Embedded systems.
K. Sekar, received the B.E., degree in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Coimbatore
Bharathiyar university, Tamil nadu, India and the Masters
degree (ME) in Power Electronics and Industrial Drives from
Sathiyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai,
Tamilnadu, India. He has about 20 years of teaching experience.
He is now Assistant professor at Hindusthan College of
Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India in
Electronics and Electrical department. His areas of
specializations are Soft computing techniques, Power
converters, Image processing, and also related to Renewable
Energy applications and the current research include hybrid
renewable power system with soft computing and
implementation in FPGA. He has published 15 papers in
National / International Journals and 10 papers in National /
International Conferences to his credit.
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