This is a presentation in perpetual beta. It is adapted and reuploaded as new ideas emerge. The basis of this presentation was written for MobiMOOC, the free, open, online course on mobile learning (http://mobimooc.wikispaces.com). The presentation was build on one that came out of the mobile learning strategy workshop at ILO ITC Turin, Italy. The presentation looks at what to consider when planning to fit mLearning in an existing learning environment and some of the factors that influence mLearning implementation.

1. Intro to Durable & Scalable mLearning
Inge (Ignatia) de Waard

2. New technologies, new pedagogies
Mobile devices, mobility, social media, MOOCs…

3. We are all in this together
http://mobimooc.wikispaces.com
(OER on mLearning and growing)
One person no longer knows, we need to team up to
grow stronger, get the best results.
So let’s get together and strengthen our community.

4. Getting the most out of it
Think up mLearning actions as I give this 30 minute intro
Download this presentation later on, fill in template.
This workshop 90 minutes… building mLearning takes
weeks, so be sure to share your mLearning need/goal.
Hope: that this workshop and information is useful
So link to the slide, download it, connect with
questions, join the mLearning community and share what
you learn.

5. General
Getting
stuff Build on Your
Practical Strengths
Online
Plan &
Community:
Organize
Tech + Human
Technical Diversifying 4
considerations Human Nature

6. Definition:
how do we define mLearning?
Mobile/ubiquitous/e-learning … in the
end it will become learning again.
It is not only about devices, it is also
about us learners becoming mobile. In
this new world, all of us have become
nomads (again), traveling further than
our ancestors, for a variety of reasons.
Mobile learning:
"learning across multiple
contexts, through social and content
interactions, using personal electronic
devices" (Helen Crompton, 2012).

7. Devices
Wide range of devices that can be used for mobile learning purposes:
eBooks (mostly written information, some pictures), camera’s (for media
content, contextualized media), mp3 players (recording audio data, audio
instructions or content), …. cell phones (knowledge exchange, sometimes
mobile web), smartphones (mobile web, mobile applications), tablets (all
sizes and operating systems), notebooks and netbooks (small portable
laptops) …

8. mLearning inside
of the Learning Environment
Where do you see it?
• As an add-on,
• As a stand-alone,
• Do you have preferred embed options?
– authentic learning – in the field, content creation
– serious mobile gaming (DragonBox - algebra)
– Homework at a distance
– Pre-requisites, extra exercises….
Mobile Learning Curriculum Framework in progress

9. General stuff
Getting
Practical
Build on
Your
Strengths
Online
Plan &
Community:
Organize
Tech + Human
Technical Diversifying 4
considerations Human Nature

10. What is it you have, that gets added
value in adding mLearning
• What are the existing strengths of
your learning architecture and
approach?
(collaboration, diversity, online
options, prior projects, expertise in
all or some of
technology, education, development
, community building…)
• What are the needs? (what is not
addressed with the solutions you
have or can be optimized?)
• What are the dilemma’s or
opportunities / map possible areas
of resistance or eagerness?
• Has one person from your group
dived in (informal try-out)?
why/why not? Can you build on this
experience?

11. You know what works
• Communication = mobile devices: simple phone calls work for
learning/exchanging knowledge
• Sms and/or e-mail are simple, yet functional also with mobile phones
• People/learners use their phones for sharing pictures, ideas… these skills can be
used in a course related learning dynamic
• BYOD, smartphones,….
• Mobile social media that your personnel uses already…
Observe your learner audience and how they/YOU use their phones

12. General stuff
Getting Build on Your
Practical Strengths
Online
Community:
Plan &
Tech + Human
Organize
Technical Diversifying 4
considerations Human Nature

13. What to consider when embedding
mLearning into existing learning
Answer to the need, but build for the future:
• Go step by step: slowly adding
complementary, autonomous, adaptable pieces of the
overall learning puzzle (first one: priority need or eager
target population)
• Build from simple to complex, get buy in from all
stakeholders
• Participatory evaluation and development
• Prepare for perpetual beta: Solutions of today might not be
there tomorrow: build your learning solutions so they can
be adapted easily (or replaced in small pieces).
• Extra costs for the end user (e.g. BYOD = cost, dataplans)

14. Target population
Get the full picture of your target population:
• personal/professional needs
• infrastructure (connectivity, devices)
• time at their disposal (cater for balance)
• Motivation, their goal?

15. What type of learning interactions do
you have in mind?
• One to many (cfr. Teacher in front of classroom, or computer aided
learning, or one peer teaching others) => delivery/transformative
• One to one (e.g. more close tutoring or mentoring type of learning, one
person per device…) => scaffolding/authentic/just-in-time
• Many to many (e.g. social peer-to-peer learning or collaborative
learning, where everyone builds on each others strengths and
experiences, one shared device by many) => collaborative/peer
scaffolding/tutor=guide-on-the-side.
Each learner interaction demands another learning approach => other
mLearning options.
Learning actions point towards instructional design choices.

16. 10 steps towards a mLearning strategy
5 core elements:
• 1. What is the goal of the mLearning project?
2. Get all the stakeholders involved.
3. What are your planned learner dynamics.
4. What is the (mobile) infrastructure like in the target area you will be
rolling out your project?
5. What is the mobile situation for your target audience? What is their
preferred learning dynamic?
Knowing the above steps, you can get more practical:
• 6. Security can be an issue (confidential information?)
7. What will be the core devices you will cater for? BYOD/BYOT or not?
8. How will you design the content? Authoring tools or programming or
social media or peer created?
9. What are your strategies for mobile content delivery ?
10. What is an mLearning content user allowed to do? User policies?
More elaborate: http://ignatiawebs.blogspot.it/2012/06/drawing-up-
mlearning-strategy.html

17. Implementing mLearning has multiple
factors, but taking the first step is simple
Do not take my word for it, look at your
learners, look at what you do already. Try it!

18. General stuff
Getting Build on Your
Practical Strengths
Online
Plan &
Community:
Organize
Tech + Human
Technical
Diversifying 4
considerations
Human Nature

19. No one stop solution –
only multiple organic structures
• Different people => different mobilities
• Different countries/regions => different infrastructure
• Different circumstances => different needs
• Different history => different pedagogies/cultures
Central question: Does it add value to the learner/target audience?
If the community isn’t interested, …
you didn’t come up with the right solution YET!

20. Ethics, trust and respect
How does your mobile project
impact your target group?
Are there ethical implications to
consider?
Is certain content filtered or
censored in certain areas?
Do you reach the variety of groups
you want to (age, gender, minority
groups), are the included?
Do you include gatekeepers?

21. Is YOUR region/content on the Web?
With the rise of the cellphone, regions that were never connected
before suddenly were able to tap into the Web => great! BUT…
Downside => the content written on the Web for years is mainly driven
by those regions having had access to the internet for a longtime.
Language domination: English
Content domination: Northern
It is important that the Internet becomes a mirror of
content, languages, thoughts from all of us. Creating content is key =>
OER

22. Allow serendipity to emerge:
Belief in learner experience: m-edupunk
21th century learning is social and
collaborative, trusting the existing knowledge that
resides in all adult learners
You are the experts, mLearning is only a detail
Do you really know what learners want?
Learning is: personal (motivation), informal (the
learner chooses), chaotic (looking at masses of
info, to curate what you need), so design most of
mLearning, but leave room for mobile educational
punk (m-edupunk) to appear, plant a seed or take
a walk on the wild side.
Let the learners come up with an mLearning idea that helps them.

23. 21st century: meta design & skills
Design: applications are out there, solutions
are out there: create a learning environment
that incorporates the learning options there
are based on the learning affordances that fit
your audience with your audience.
You do not need to invent new stuff or invest
in expensive solutions that need to be
developed. Use what is out there in a
creative, pedagogically sound way.
Digital skills: curating content, critical
thinking, using technology… this strengthens
and empowers any student to become a
lifelong learner.

24. General stuff
Getting Build on Your
Practical Strengths
Online
Plan &
Community:
Organize
Tech + Human
Technical Diversifying 4
Human Nature
considerations

25. Technical factors to consider
• Connectivity to mobile operators (alternatives: traveling/mobile wifi
service for content synchronisation, mini SDcards)
• Connectivity to mobile internet (alternative offline solutions)
• Stable electricity (alternative: solar panels or mobile upload
stations)
• Phone diversity (go for standards)
• Total cost for the end user in every particular setting (big
differences)
• What is used in a specific region, (sms, mobile internet, …)
Each setting has its own challenges, map them from early on based on
personal and peer experiences.

26. How far do you want to go?
• Simple sms learning (Frontline sms)?
• Geo-located driven learning?
• Augmented learning (Wikitude, Junaio, … nice
augmented for teaching app Ariane)?
• Games for learning (nice android based
development from New Zealand)?
Is this feasible? Developing time, devices…

27. BYOD or ‘this-is-it’
BYOD – Bring Your Own Device:
BYOT – Bring Your Own Technology:
• Difficult to provide content crossplatform
• => use standards (html/CSS), mobile web.
• Is more durable, demands mobile skills
from developer.
‘This is it’ – learning for one device
• easier to provide manual/training
• Higher developing cost (uni department?)
• Difficult to make scalable/durable
Differences in design and longterm (services)

28. Think additional mobile support
In some cases it is not enough to
think about the mobile devices
themselves. Possible additions:
• A solar panel for areas without
electricity
• A wireless router, for
communities without internet
connection (or mountainous
areas)
• Mini Sdcards: for extra
storage/memory
• TV + cable: to show your mobile
content to many people/team

29. Select relevant tools with the right educational benefits and extra’s.

30. Mobile enabled social media Why use it Knowledge Age Challenge
tool Addressed
Blogs To reflect on what is learned, or Self-regulated learning.
what the learner thinks is of Lifelong Learning.
(Examples: wordpress, blogger, importance. Becoming active, critical content
posterous) Keeping a learning archive. producer.
Reflecting on the learning itself. .
Commenting on content.
Discussion enabler: Listserv This type of online tool uses e- Enabling dialogue.
mail to keep everyone informed. Collaboration.
(Examples: google groups, With many of the listserve’s you Self-regulated learning.
yahoo groups) can choose how you want your Informal learning.
mails to be delivered (e-mail
digest: e.g. immediate, once a
day, once a week), which adds
to self-regulated learning.
Generating and maintaining
discussions.
Getting a group feeling going via
dialogue.
Social Networking Building a network of people that Enables networking.
can add to the knowledge Collaboration.
(examples: Facebook, Google+, creation of the learner. Enabling dialogue.
LinkedIn) Informal learning.
Becoming active, critical content
producer.
Link to Google document with more social media tools

31. General stuff
Getting Build on Your
Practical Strengths
Online
Community: Plan &
Organize
Tech + Human
Technical Diversifying 4
considerations Human Nature

32. Scalable and durable
Scalability
• Fit it into real life Mobile Learning Curriculum needs
and overall Learning strategy
• Pilot simple: answer small, urgent, local needs: adaptation will be
multiplied => simple start = low cost
• Scale up: external or internal development
• Participatory approach with eye for local solutions, evolutions and
opportunities
• Always design for language/accessibility
Durability
• Keep solutions needs based within overall, longterm strategy
• Cost to get to the content: who covers it (dataplans, wifi…)?
• Will your approach last through different mobile
generations, (html/css, text => simple and standard)?
• Are the course locations/discussions beta dropout proof?

33. Build mobile learning motivation
• Earn as you learn (e.g. participants/teams/communities
can get something, but they have to learn/work for it)
• Allow Champions or Big Watusi leaders to emerge (those
learners that add content that makes a difference)
• Offer badges to allow your learners/communities to show
off what they have learned (e.g. Open Badges Mozilla)

34. Different situations / different emphasis
• Classroom: safe and comprehensible => merging of the classroom
with private interests (avoiding privacy, bullying)
• Corporate learning: just-in-time => merging corporate info with
mobility and rapid changing world (up-to-date information)
• Factories/laboratories: Qrcodes, augmented reality…
• Organizations: own interest (my interest: health, innovation)
• Fun/hobbies: treasure hunts, games, personal social information
(foursquare, augmented information)
We are all in this together! Connect across disciplines.

35. Go GlocalEd
Use human resources and
technical solutions from those
regions to create your courses
(computer science is taught
around the world, small
businesses are launched
everywhere).
These offer integrated, local
solutions:
• In-country solutions
(existing mobile solutions:
mobile payment, micro-
credit…)
• Win-win situation: walk the
Hello to dear friends from IPH in picture. talk & exemplary labor

36. Build generic, interchangeable block’s
A generic design for
• Just in time learning (e.g. Qrcodes, immediate labor action rollout /
dissemination of priority information…)
• Continued education (e.g. after face-to-face or after course, possibly
connect it to spaced education, paper of CME here)
• Group training (e.g. provide wifi router, a television hook-up (great for
team discussions in lower resource areas …)
• Ubiquitous learning (using standards: e.g. html5 & CSS free course)
• Specialized learning (augmented learning, mobile games…)
Use specific yet generic mLearning building blocks to
cater to future demands and realities.

37. Addressing disabilities/learning preferences
• Text-to-speech
• Adding subtitles to animations, movies… (blogpost on a
possible way to add subtitles)
• Offer different media for different learner preferences

38. General stuff
Getting Build on Your
Strengths
Practical
Online
Plan &
Community:
Organize
Tech + Human
Technical Diversifying 4
considerations Human Nature

39. Crowdsourcing learners: iSpot
Nature is all around us … what do we see?
Take a picture, upload it … and others will tell !
Overview of the iSpot development steps here

40. Crowdsourcing your learners
Crowdmap from Ushahidi
• http://www.slideshare.net/AnahiAyala/ushahi
di-and-crowdmap-training

41. Adding authentic content in situ
Qrcodes (barcode reader)
Practical examples
• in the lab (how to work a machine)
• More content on object: bio diversity recognition
(more information on a tree, bush, stone…)
Quick job aid on QRcodes here

42. Opening up existing eLearning platforms
Using a LMS? Mobile options
Blackboard, etc has mobile options
(growing in functionality and design).
Atutor is mobile and accessible.
Most LMS’s are now mobile
accessible, but Moodle is free and
community supported so zooming in
on this.
Some Moodle apps per mobile
device family
• Android app (some tweeking)
• Windows app
• mTouch for iPad, iPod, iPhone

43. Creating mobile or ubiquitous content
Mobile authoring tools
• ReadyToGo
• Raptivity html5 sets
• RapidIntake mobile learning
studio
• GoMo learning from epic
• Articulate has mLearning
output options
Develop it yourself using html5
and CSS (free)

44. Remember mLearning design:
prepare content for mobile delivery
• Make sure your content fits mobile delivery (e.g.
no flash, deliver for the biggest common
denominator screen size, cell or smart or …?)
• Set up mobile design guidelines for your
institute, this will make your courses stronger at
each iteration, or after each course evaluation (e.g.
no complex graphs, provide mp4 videos, deliver
sms…).
• Have a look at PortableApps for social media
locations.
• Smashing Magazine has a nice list of mobile design
lists

45. Prerequisites/self-assessments on the
go => mobile quizzes
Lots of options
• Free option: google docs +
spreadsheet + Flubaroo
• Paid option: mobile enabled
quiz/survey software (e.g.
Articulate).
• Blogpost for free option
(internet enabled phones):
http://ignatiawebs.blogspot.it/2
012/07/create-mobile-quizzes-
free-paid-options.html

46. Share latest updates ubiquitously
Set up a mobile blog / mobile wiki
What do you need:
• A blog or mobile wiki (e.g.
posterous or picowiki -
http://www.picowiki.com/ )
• Content that was designed
to fit mobile delivery
• Mobile devices that can
access the mobile internet
• Mobile internet coverage
• Posterous is e-mail based.

47. Developing content updates for
continued and spaced education
RSS or Atom can be used to deliver updates – learners have to be initiated in
how to use RSS feeds.
What do you need:
– Database + simple queries
– Questions and answers
– Mobile multiple choice questions/survey
Paper on some mobile CME design.

48. Mobile Clicker system: survey Qrcode using
formsite.com / SurveyMonkey / website/LMS polling
system
Go to the form here:
http://fs10.formsite.com/formulierenITG/form266/index.html
Possible downsides:
• Cost of software (institutional survey software?)
• Students need to be able to connect to the internet (wiki?)
• Live feedback requires internet as well
https://mobimooc.wikispaces.com/clicker+demo+south+africa+UP

49. For later reading
small letters and too much on slides!

50. mLearning books (yes, small text)
Free eBooks on mLearning: #mLearning series of UNESCO.
• Great list here: http://moblearn.blogspot.it/2012/06/top-m-learning-reports-of-2012.html
• #2012 publication focusing on eBooks and eReaders for eLearning can be found here (pdf) the book is a publication from University of
Wellington, New Zealand.
• #2012 Seven mLearning scenario’s for adult education. The book can be downloaded here http://www.mymobile-
project.eu/IMG/pdf/Handbook_print.pdf
• #2012 The NMC Horizon Report > 2012 Higher Education Edition is a collaborative effort between the NMC and the EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative
(ELI), an EDUCAUSE Program. The nice thing about this 42 page publication is that it looks at probable implementation of new and upcoming learning
technologies (games, augmented reality, gesture based computing...). To get this free publication you do have to register for an account, but it is
worth it! You will also be able to keep updated on future publications, and more excitingly to give your feedback on upcoming drafts.
• # 2011 Mobile Toolkit the Italian center in Turin, ITC-ILO comes up with a ready to use mobile toolkit for developing or rural regions. They have
created a mobile toolkit written by the formidable Jennifer Parker which allows anyone to step up to the plate and launch their own mobile learning
initiative. you can also download a version here.
• #2011 mobile and women report on opportunities of women in low and middle income countries, published by GSMA.
• # 2009: Mobile Learning: Transforming the Delivery of Education and Training, edited by Mohamed Ally, published at AU press.
# 2009: New technologies, new pedagogies: Mobile learning in higher education from the University of Wollongong includes faculty
development, specific discipline examples and design principles. This is available as a free PDF download.
A nice free open eBook on mLearning build at Graz University of Technology in Austria.
• mLearning books to buy:
# 2009: Mobile Learning Communities: Creating New Educational Futures by Patrick Danaher, Beverley Moriarty, Geoff Danaher, a Routledge
publication covering communities, along with other topics such as globalization, lifelong learning, multiliteracies, and sustainability; concluding with
creating new educational futures.
# 2009: Researching Mobile Learning: Frameworks, Tools and Research Designs from Peter Lang Publishing Group, which sets out the issues and
requirements for mobile learning research and presents efforts to specify appropriate theoretical frameworks, research methods and tools.
A definite read: # 2005: Mobile Learning: A Handbook For Educators and Trainers by Agnes Kukulska-Hulme and John Traxler.
#2009 A more expensive book, yet worth a buy if you have a budget: Innovative Mobile Learning: Techniques and Technologies by Hokyoung Ryu and
David Parsons containing 414 pages.
# 2008: Handbook on Mobile communication studies by James E. Katz.

51. e.g. mLearning projects
• Combining mobile devices for other purposes (e.g. mobile
ultrasound, mobisante) with mobile learning (e.g.
telemedicine on delivery and maternal health),
• Data research: using offline/online mobile data software
options (e.g. survey-to-go blogpost),
• Mobile course using mobile social media to enhance
collaborative learning (with adding alternative options:
solar panel, WiFi router): collaborative learning based on
cloud course locations, chosen based on learning benefits
(list of social media and their learning benefits can be
found here),
• Cater to different levels or target groups within your
project: e.g. ITM’s diabetic project
(Cambodia, Congo, Philippines) based on Frontline => 3
levels (patients, health care workers, managers)
• Get a global audience involved using a diversity of mobile
options using Crowdmap based on African Ushahidi
(diversity of mobile content addition options, interesting
for gathering global data)
• Using new educational formats to integrate mobile
learning - MobiMOOC: e-mail (listserv’s), social
media, exchanging/creating content, grouping similar
profiles…

52. Feel free to have a look at these
MobiMOOC mLearning projects
A list of mLearning projects made by MobiMOOC2012 participants
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/mobimooc-projects
• Augmented reality
• Health
• Animal rescue
• Indigenous people and culture
• Making school content mobile accessible…
Build with this simple mLearning template
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wYdM4tyj_Z4V7yu-
XPuMu0vc91XlviGoWGcXKPscmqo/edit

53. 5 ways to strengthen BYOD community
• Ask learners to take a picture/record a movie (e.g. Qik) of a famous landmark of
their own country/region, or their front door (easy and fun) and load it to a central
location via e-mail (I would recommend Posterous for this, easy and quick).
• Asking learners to share their wildest mLearning dreams (a good way to stretch the
possibilities and let them know the scope and opportunities of mLearning).
• Ask them to share the URL of their mobile learning device details (this gets
learners interested in the details of their own mobile device, it is techy, but will get
them aware of the tech details and on how to choose future mobiles. A great step
towards a general mobile device tech session: wifi, pixels, bluetooth...). This will
also allow you to get some idea of the variety and most common mobile devices
for your course.
• Organize a fun contest (e.g. the first one to get 3 mobile media types uploaded
gets a box of Belgian chocolate)
• Set up a Crowdmap, this is an easy and mobile friendly (tweet, phone call, sms)
worldwide map based on the wonderful Africa Ushahidi principle. It allows people
to use their phone to simply add content to the map, which pinpoints their
location at the same time. The only thing you need to ask them is to share
something that is contextual to all: e.g. their favorite local recipe, the best mobile
store in their neighborhood, ...)
• More: http://ignatiawebs.blogspot.it/2012/06/5-ways-to-strengthen-byod-
mlearning.html

54. Ready to make it happen?
Join the upcoming 4 day European mLearning workshop
in March 2013 (if you are interest express your interest
here: http://goo.gl/gaWjK ).
MobiMOOC: an open, online course on mobile learning:
Open Educational Resources here
Collaboration is always inspiring and motivating!

55. Thanks to inspiring colleagues
• This presentation first started during a workshop in Italy, so thanks to all of
the ILO/ITC Turin, Italy mobile learning workshop thinkers for adding ideas,
but now it grows thanks to University of Pretoria. So thanks to Jacqueline
Batchelor, Adele Botha, John Traxler, Tom Wambeke, Robin Poppe, El-
Marie Mostert, Dennis Kriel and Linda Venter for getting my thoughts
structured… YOU and the list is ever growing.
• MobiMOOC: an open, online course on
mobile learning:
Open Educational Resources here
• Collaboration is always inspiring and motivating!

56. Contact me, here & now !
E-mail: ingedewaard (at) gmail.com
Blog: ignatiawebs.blogspot.com
Twitter: http://twitter.com/Ignatia
Slideshare (ppt): http://www.slideshare.net/ignatia
linkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/ingedewaard
Publications/presentations:
http://www.ingedewaard.net/pubconsulpres.htm
56