Techniques to screen for resistance to insect pests

•

2 likes•684 views

ICRISAT

By HC Sharma, SL Taneja, K Leuschner and KF Nwanze

Government & Nonprofit

Techniques to Screen for Resistance to Insect Pests
Sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut are
the most important crops in the semi-arid tropics. These crops are
damaged by several insect pests, of which the most important pests
in the SAT are:
• Sorghum shoot fly (Atherigona soccata), stem borers (Chilo,
Busseola and Diatraea), sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis
sacchari), sorghum midge (Stenodiplosis sorghicola), and head
bugs (Calocoris angustatus and Eurystylus oldi) in sorghum.
• Stem borer (Coniesta ignefusalis) and head miner (Heliocheilus
albipunctella) in pearl millet.
• Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in chickpea.
• Pod borers (H. armigera and Maruca vitrata) and pod fly
(Melanagromyza obtusa) in pigeonpea.
• White grubs (Holotrichia spp.), leaf miner (Aproaerema
modicella), and tobacco leaf caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) in
groundnut.
Insect pests cause an estimated loss of over US$10 billion
annually in the semi-arid tropics. Since insecticide use is not
economical under subsistence farming conditions, it is important
to develop cultivars with resistance to insects. To achieve these
objectives, we have standardized several techniques to screen
and select for resistance to insect pests.
A B
C D
Plate 1. (A) Interlard fishmeal technique for resistance to shoot fly, (B) artificial infestation
technique for stem borer, (C) infester row technique for midge and head bugs, and
(D) use of hot spot locations and planting time to screen for resistance to Helicoverpa.
Plate 2. Cage technique to screen for resistance to (A) shoot fly, (B) midge, and (C) head bugs in sorghum; (D) no-
choice cage and (E) detached leaf assay techniques to screen for resistance to Helicoverpa armigera in chickpea.
A B C
D E
Techniques to screen for resistance to insects under
field conditions
We have standardized the interlard fishmeal and no-choice cage
techniques to screen for resistance to shoot fly, artificial rearing
and field infestation techniques for stem borers, and infester row
and no-choice cage techniques for resistance to sorghum midge
and head bugs in sorghum, and under natural infestation for
resistance to H. armigera in chickpea and pigeonpea, and
H. albipunctella in pearl millet (Plate 1).
Techniques to screen for resistance to insects under
greenhouse/lab conditions
We have also standardized no-choice and multi-choice cage
techniques to screen for resistance to shoot fly, sugarcane aphid,
sorghum midge and head bugs in sorghum, and no-choice and
multi-choice cage and detached leaf assay techniques to screen
for resistance to H. armigera in chickpea, pigeonpea, groundnut
and cotton; and for tobacco leaf caterpillar in groundnut (Plate 2).
These resistance screening techniques are being used to
evaluate germplasm, segregating breeding lines, mapping
populations, and transgenic plants for resistance to insect pests.
Many of these techniques are also being used by the national
programs for developing cultivars with resistance to insect pests.
HC Sharma, SL Taneja, K Leuschner and KF Nwanze
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh India
Nov 2009

What's hot

Plant insects interactions

Francis Matu

Host seeking behaviour

Pramod Kulkarni

Screening protocols for major pests of crops

SatishGolla6

Gene for Gene Hypothesis and Boom Bust Cycle

Dr. Kaushik Kumar Panigrahi

Nutrition of Entomophagous Insect and their Host

Aaliya Afroz

Hi there, This was topic on which I presented a talk in our department. As we know Insecticide such as pyrethroids are being most widely used for controlling insect pest in agriculture because of their safe, cheap, effective and long-lasting nature (Bulter et al. 2011). However, the widespread development of insecticide resistance, especially resistance to pyrethroid and the fact that resistance to an insecticide generally confers cross-resistance to other insecticides has become a serious problem challenging the control of agriculturally, economically, and medically important insect pests and resulting in increase of insect vector-borne diseases in many parts of the world (Zaim 2002; Bulter 2011). Three major mechanisms are involved in insecticide resistance: (1) increased metabolic detoxification of insecticides; (2) decreased sensitivity of the target proteins on which an insecticide acts, known as target site insensitivity; and (3) decreased cuticular penetration/or increased sequestration/storage. Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)Cry protein is one of the most effective biopesticides that can act against a large group of insect orders like Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera etc. But through the course of evolution insects have developed resistance so that they can combat against Bt. Mutation(s) in the target site; reduced protease activity; sequestration of toxin molecules; mutations in the ABCC2 transporter protein are few mechanisms which govern resistance in insects against Cry protein. Therefore, it has become prime importance to understand the molecular basis of insect resistance and what could be the strategies by which the efficacy of the Cry protein can be enhanced. The strategies for improving the efficacy of Cry toxin are (i) Expression of chitinase gene along with Cry toxins; (ii) Expression of hybrid toxin; (iii) Introduction of intramolecular cleavage sites. The insects have developed resistance against different groups of Cry proteins such as Cry2Aa, Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab etc. But the relative fitness (such as larval and pupal weight, pupal duration, and survival rate, etc.) in resistant larvae is much lower than the susceptible larvae because of genetic changes in insects. One of such genes that affects the relative fitness in Helicoverpa armigera is death associated LIM only protein (Ha-DALP) which is basically involved in cell signalling, cell fate determination, transcriptional regulation of gene expression etc.

Molecular basis of insecticides resistance in insects with special reference ...

Assam Agricultural University

Habitat manipulation in INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT.pptx

Dr. Mandeep Rathee, KVK Kaithal, CCSHAU Hisar

Biological control by augmentation

Devina Seram

Toxicology

Naga Satyasri Ch

Types of parasitoids and parasitism ppt

Nisha Nepoleon

Resistance mechanism In Plants - R GENE

SunandaArya

Conservation and Augmentation of Natural Enemies, Survivorship analysis and E...

Aaliya Afroz

Plant Stress and Herbivory, Consequences of Herbivory to Plant Fitness, Const...

Aaliya Afroz

TRITROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN INSECT PESTS OF RICE

ramya sri nagamandla

Different sampling techniques for insect population estimation

Devina Seram

Economical basis of IPM - Economic Thresholds

khalil amro

Rice blast broad spectrum resistance

Ashajyothi Mushineni

Insect Vector of Plant Viral Diseases

Dr Manish K Yadav

Pest Risk Analysis, Pesticide Risk Analysis and Cost Benefit Ratio.pptx

Prajwal Gowda M.A

Role of Synergists in Resistance Management

Jayantyadav94

What's hot (20)

Plant insects interactions

Host seeking behaviour

Screening protocols for major pests of crops

Gene for Gene Hypothesis and Boom Bust Cycle

Nutrition of Entomophagous Insect and their Host

Molecular basis of insecticides resistance in insects with special reference ...

Habitat manipulation in INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT.pptx

Biological control by augmentation

Toxicology

Types of parasitoids and parasitism ppt

Resistance mechanism In Plants - R GENE

Conservation and Augmentation of Natural Enemies, Survivorship analysis and E...

Plant Stress and Herbivory, Consequences of Herbivory to Plant Fitness, Const...

TRITROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN INSECT PESTS OF RICE

Different sampling techniques for insect population estimation

Economical basis of IPM - Economic Thresholds

Rice blast broad spectrum resistance

Insect Vector of Plant Viral Diseases

Pest Risk Analysis, Pesticide Risk Analysis and Cost Benefit Ratio.pptx

Role of Synergists in Resistance Management

Similar to Techniques to screen for resistance to insect pests

Techniques to screen for resistance to insects

ICRISAT

Biological control approaches in tomato pests

Salu Maharjan

Wild relatives of crops as sources of gene for resistance to insect pests

ICRISAT

Biology and management of armyworm of cereals Mythimna separata walker

Arjun Rayamajhi

Coccinellids in integrated pest management

Anitha Gorthi

In summary, exploring entomology aspects related to plant biodiversity and its impact on pollinators in agro ecosystems highlights several key points. Entomologists study pollinator diversity and foraging behavior influenced by plant diversity. They also assess habitat preferences and health, examining how access to diverse floral resources impacts pollinator populations. Moreover, entomologists investigate pesticide impacts, quantify pollinator contributions to crop pollination, and explore plant diversity's role in supporting natural pest control and climate change resilience. Entomology contributes to conservation by promoting pollinator-friendly practices and educating stakeholders. Overall, these aspects provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between plant biodiversity and pollinators, informing sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation efforts.

Plant Biodiversity Enhances Bees and Other Pollinators in Agro Ecosystems.pptx

academickushal83

Ajay kumar

jaydhukiya

Biological control of oilseed pests

Arun Kumar

White fly control in fruit crops under protected STRUCTURE

iari

Strategies for management of Helicoverpa armigera

ICRISAT

ENTO 231_L.No.7_Cultural and Mechanical Control EW - Copy.ppt

Asst Prof SSNAIK ENTO PJTSAU

Natural enemies of oilseed pests

Arun Kumar

Using crop wild relatives in crop improvement

Luigi Guarino

Agro 359 weed notes(1)

anil bhosale

Greenhouse IPM: Sustainable Aphid Control

ElisaMendelsohn

Greenhouse IPM: Sustainable Aphid Control

ElisaMendelsohn

Greenhouse IPM: Sustainable Aphid Control

ElisaMendelsohn

Many flower-visiting insects and other animals are engaged in a remarkable mutually beneficial interaction with the plants whose flowers they frequent. These animals are pollinators. As bees, butterflies and other pollinators forage for resources found within the flowers, such as pollen (a source of protein and lipids), nectar (mostly a source of sugars but also containing free amino acids and other compounds as well as microbes) or more rarely oils, scents or resins, their bodies contact the sexual organs of the plants.

Global crop polinators not just bees.pptx

sharanabasapppa

Farmers training

Dr Manish K Yadav

Effect of grafting cucumber onto some rootstocks for controlling root knot ne...

Ahmedabd Eleslamboly Eleslamboly

Similar to Techniques to screen for resistance to insect pests (20)

Techniques to screen for resistance to insects

Biological control approaches in tomato pests

Wild relatives of crops as sources of gene for resistance to insect pests

Biology and management of armyworm of cereals Mythimna separata walker

Coccinellids in integrated pest management

Plant Biodiversity Enhances Bees and Other Pollinators in Agro Ecosystems.pptx

Ajay kumar

Biological control of oilseed pests

White fly control in fruit crops under protected STRUCTURE

Strategies for management of Helicoverpa armigera

ENTO 231_L.No.7_Cultural and Mechanical Control EW - Copy.ppt

Natural enemies of oilseed pests

Using crop wild relatives in crop improvement

Agro 359 weed notes(1)

Greenhouse IPM: Sustainable Aphid Control

Global crop polinators not just bees.pptx

Farmers training

Effect of grafting cucumber onto some rootstocks for controlling root knot ne...

More from ICRISAT

The Charles Renard Analytical Laboratory at ICRISAT has been officially registered with the International Network on Fertilizer Analysis – a network created in December 2020, to build and strengthen the capacity of laboratories in fertilizer analysis and harmonize fertilizer quality standards. Dr Pushpajeet L Choudhari, Manager of the soil laboratory, said that testing serves as a preventive measure to avoid the misuse of fertilizers leading to better soil management.

ICRISAT’s soil laboratory registers with FAO’s International Network on Ferti...

ICRISAT

A delegation from Uzbekistan visited ICRISAT headquarters in India in search of a short-duration second crop suited to arid ecologies that mature before winter. The visit aligns with the Government of Uzbekistan’s efforts to increase agricultural production through double cropping. The visitors were briefed on dryland crop options and expressed interest in academic exchanges and internships based on the Institute’s expertise in genomic technologies and dryland agri-food systems.

Uzbek delegation explores climate-resilient crop options for arid, degraded e...

ICRISAT

Indian Ambassador to Niger explores opportunities for South-South cooperation

ICRISAT

The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) will partner on programs and research to improve food, nutrition security and livelihoods in India against the impacts of climate change. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed today between Mr. Bishow Parajuli, WFP India Representative and Country Director, and Dr. Jacqueline Hughes, Director General, ICRISAT.

WFP, ICRISAT to partner on climate-resilience, food security, nutrition and l...

ICRISAT

Dr Doraiswamy Venkateshwaran, Sri Lankan Deputy High Commissioner stationed in Chennai, recently visited the ICRISAT campus in Hyderabad to learn more about the Institute’s science-backed research for dryland agriculture. Along with his team, he visited the genebank and toured the pigeonpea and finger millet field plots, where Dr Prakash Gangashetty and Dr Sobhan Sajja explained to him the research focus and various traits of hybrids and varieties developed by ICRISAT.

Visit by Sri Lankan Deputy High Commissioner to ICRISAT opens opportunities f...

ICRISAT

Niger needs support for the implementation of climate change adaptation measures,” said Her Majesty’s Ambassador to the Republic of Niger, Ms Catherine Inglehearn while on a recent visit to ICRISAT-Niger. She spoke about the ongoing discussion with the government regarding Niger’s participation at the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) meeting in November 2021 in Glasgow.

UK Ambassador to Niger discusses climate change adaptation and humanitarian i...

ICRISAT

Three new chickpea varieties, with enhanced drought tolerance, disease resistance and increased yield, are set to become available to the Indian farmers. These have been notified to be available for cultivation by the Central Varietal Release Committee. Calling for the deployment of ‘fast-forward breeding’, a newly conceived framework that promises faster delivery of varieties to farmers, Dr Rajeev Varshney, Research Program Director – Accelerated Crop Improvement, ICRISAT, who coordinated the integration of genomics-assisted breeding activities for developing these varieties

New climate-resilient, disease-resistant chickpea varieties coming farmers’ way

ICRISAT

Deputy Collector gets training on agriculture research at ICRISAT Hyderabad

ICRISAT

ICRISAT’s Gender Research Program recently brought together breeders, value chain stakeholders and social scientists from Mali, Ghana, Burkina Faso and Nigeria to define priority traits of cultivars of sorghum, millet and groundnut during a 4-day workshop. Prior to the workshop, studies were carried out with the national agricultural research systems (NARS) partners in the above countries, to examine and assess the trait preferences of key stakeholders, especially taking into account the specificity of traits with respect to gender-related needs. The results of these studies were presented during the workshop. The expected output is priority trait demands translated into new market-driven and gender-responsive product profiles for the breeding programs at ICRISAT and NARS.

Cereal-legume value chain stakeholders in WCA meet to develop demand-driven a...

ICRISAT

ICRISAT to share expertise on sorghum production with farmers in Somalia

ICRISAT

To improve smallholder farmers’ access to new improved varieties, a digital variety catalog tool created by ICRISAT in partnership with public and private institutions was recently launched. Called 4CAST, the tool is a user-friendly data driven platform that gives information about new improved varieties, quality and availability of seeds nationally and regionally. 4CAST, which stands for Digital Tools 4 Cataloguing and Adopting Improved Seed Technologies, also provides stakeholders in seed value chains a digital workflow, decentralized access, real-time tracking of progress, private catalogues as well as seed roadmaps.

4CAST: New digital tool to enhance farmers’ access to modern varieties

ICRISAT

ICRISAT West and Central Africa has reorganized all disciplines of agronomic research (agronomy, breeding, biotechnology/ genomics, integrated crop management, physiology, sociology, agroeconomics, etc.) under one umbrella called the Crop Improvement Operations Team (CIOT). A “one-stop shop” for all crop improvement operations, the CIOT was launched on Tuesday 24 August 2021 at ICRISAT’s Samanko research station in Mali.

New ‘one-stop shop’ team formed to take ICRISAT’S plant breeding program in W...

ICRISAT

The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has been awarded the 2021 Africa Food Prize, for work that has improved food security across 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. ICRISAT, a CGIAR Research Center, is a non-profit, non-political public international research organization that conducts agricultural research for development in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa with a wide array of partners throughout the world.

ICRISAT awarded 2021 Africa Food Prize

ICRISAT

Rooting for strong partnerships and participatory extension in Nigeria for ro...

ICRISAT

In support of the objectives of the International Year of Millets (2023), a global study, “Prioritizing Regular Intake of Sorghum and Millets (PRISM)”, is being conducted to understand the potential drivers of sorghum and millets consumption. PRISM is a collaborative effort of researchers in the Markets, Institutions and Policy team at ICRISAT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR) to understand the choices that drive the consumption of these nutricereals and to explore their increased inclusion in diets globally for the good of dryland farmers, human health and the environment.

Understanding consumption preferences for sorghum and millets globally

ICRISAT

A robust, more efficient research structure is part of the reorganization initiative at ICRISAT that aims at building a cohesive and interconnected body of work in agricultural research. The revitalized framework is expected to seamlessly integrate and deliver agricultural research outputs across the drylands of Asia and Africa. The strength of this framework is the deeply interlinked global and regional programs working towards common and interdependent goals.

ICRISAT introduces an invigorated research structure (The research structure ...

ICRISAT

Communicating research findings to policy makers, peers and civil society is crucial for research uptake and development. To meet this goal, a one-day training session on messaging through newsletters and journal articles was held for participants of the International Training Programme on Climate Change – Mitigation and Adaptation of the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) at ICRISAT, Mali.

Training on science communication to engage funders and stakeholders

ICRISAT

A virtual hands-on training program on developing geospatial maps for supporting insurance products using Google Earth Engine and semi-automatic techniques was conducted for participants in Pakistan as part of the project “Strengthening Post-COVID-19 Food Security and Locust Attacks”. The nine participants were from the PARC Agrotech company (PATCO) technical team and crop reporting service teams from Punjab and Sindh in Pakistan. They were introduced to remote sensing and its applications in agriculture. Hands-on training using Google Earth Engine (GEE), Image Processing Software – ERDAS 2015 and various automatic classification techniques was provided along with several applications for using these modern tools.

Virtual training in the use of remote sensing for the agriculture sector in P...

ICRISAT

Icrisat strategic plan 2021 2025

ICRISAT

ICRISAT and HarvestPlus signed an agreement for scientific and technical collaboration between the two global organizations. Mr Arun Baral, CEO, HarvestPlus, and Dr Jacqueline d’Arros Hughes, Director General, ICRISAT, signed the Memorandum of Understanding, which is made and entered into by IFPRI on behalf of its HarvestPlus Program. On the occasion, Dr Hughes said, After 17 years of fruitful collaboration on biofortification research, we have now decided to elevate this partnership. ICRISAT and HarvestPlus will work together more closely, making available micronutrient-rich varieties, high-quality seed and related technologies to the farming communities and consumers. This will contribute to eliminating micronutrient malnutrition in the drylands.

ICRISAT and HarvestPlus to collaborate on mainstreaming nutrition research an...

ICRISAT

More from ICRISAT (20)