it is for student and for every one

1. Green wood publicGreen wood public
schoolschool
Name = Pawan RaiName = Pawan Rai
Class = xthClass = xth AA

2. Disaster Management inDisaster Management in
IndiaIndia
Past, Present and FuturePast, Present and Future

3. disasters in indiadisasters in india
 Moving away from the Great Bengal famine ofMoving away from the Great Bengal famine of
1769-1770 in which a third of the population1769-1770 in which a third of the population
perished.perished.
 The Chalisa famine of 1783, the Doji Bara orThe Chalisa famine of 1783, the Doji Bara or
Skull famine of 1790 to 1792, the North WestSkull famine of 1790 to 1792, the North West
Provinces famine of 1838, the North West IndiaProvinces famine of 1838, the North West India
Famine of 1861, the Bengal and Orissa famine ofFamine of 1861, the Bengal and Orissa famine of
1866, the Rajputana famine of 1869, the famine of1866, the Rajputana famine of 1869, the famine of
1899 to 1901, the Bengal famine of 1943…1899 to 1901, the Bengal famine of 1943…
 The drought years of 1965, 1972, 1979, 1987,The drought years of 1965, 1972, 1979, 1987,
20022002

4. India’s Vulnerability to DisastersIndia’s Vulnerability to Disasters
 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these,57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these,
12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
 68% land is vulnerable to drought.68% land is vulnerable to drought.
 12% land is vulnerable to floods.12% land is vulnerable to floods.
 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.
 Apart from natural disasters, some cities in IndiaApart from natural disasters, some cities in India
are also vulnerable to chemical and industrialare also vulnerable to chemical and industrial
disasters and man-made disasters.disasters and man-made disasters.

6. Distribution of epicenters of earthquakes greater
than magnitude 5.0 for the period 1976-2000,
South East Asia and Indian Ocean

10. Areas of ConcernAreas of Concern
 Activating an Early Warning System network andActivating an Early Warning System network and
its close monitoringits close monitoring
 Mechanisms for integrating the scientific,Mechanisms for integrating the scientific,
technological and administrative agencies fortechnological and administrative agencies for
effective disaster managementeffective disaster management
 Terrestrial communication links which collapseTerrestrial communication links which collapse
in the event of a rapid onset disasterin the event of a rapid onset disaster
 Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (powerVulnerability of critical infrastructures (power
supply, communication, water supply, transport,supply, communication, water supply, transport,
etc.) to disaster eventsetc.) to disaster events

11. Areas of ConcernAreas of Concern
Funding : Primacy of relief as disaster response.Funding : Primacy of relief as disaster response.
Preparedness and Mitigation very oftenPreparedness and Mitigation very often
ignored.ignored.
Lack of integrated efforts to collect andLack of integrated efforts to collect and
compile data, information and local knowledgecompile data, information and local knowledge
on disaster history and traditional responseon disaster history and traditional response
patterns.patterns.

12. Need for standardised efforts inNeed for standardised efforts in
compiling and interpreting geo-spatialcompiling and interpreting geo-spatial
data, satellite imagery and earlydata, satellite imagery and early
warning signals.warning signals.
Weak areas continue to beWeak areas continue to be
forecasting, modelling, risk prediction,forecasting, modelling, risk prediction,
simulation and scenario analysis, etc.simulation and scenario analysis, etc.

13. Areas of ConcernAreas of Concern
Absence of a national level, state level, andAbsence of a national level, state level, and
district level directory of experts anddistrict level directory of experts and
inventory of resources.inventory of resources.
Absence of a National Disaster ManagementAbsence of a National Disaster Management
Plan, and State level and district level disasterPlan, and State level and district level disaster
management plans.management plans.
Sustainability of effortsSustainability of efforts

14. Effective Inter Agency Co-ordinationEffective Inter Agency Co-ordination
and Standard Operating Procedures forand Standard Operating Procedures for
stakeholder groups, especially criticalstakeholder groups, especially critical
first responder agencies.first responder agencies.
Emergency medicine, critical careEmergency medicine, critical care
medicine, triage, first aidmedicine, triage, first aid

15. Nodal Agencies for DisasterNodal Agencies for Disaster
ManagementManagement
 Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWCFloods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
 Cyclones : Indian Meteorological DepartmentCyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
1.1. Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological DepartmentEarthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
 Epidemics : Ministry of Health and FamilyEpidemics : Ministry of Health and Family
WelfareWelfare
 Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry ofAvian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of
Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and AnimalEnvironment, Ministry of Agriculture and Animal
HusbandryHusbandry

16. Chemical Disasters : Ministry ofChemical Disasters : Ministry of
Environment and ForestsEnvironment and Forests
Industrial Disasters : Ministry of LabourIndustrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
Rail Accidents : Ministry of RailwaysRail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil AviationAir Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
Fire : Ministry of Home AffairsFire : Ministry of Home Affairs
Nuclear Incidents : Department ofNuclear Incidents : Department of
Atomic EnergyAtomic Energy
Mine Disasters : Department of MinesMine Disasters : Department of Mines

17. Dynamics ofDynamics of
DisastersDisasters
 There is a high probability of a low probabilityThere is a high probability of a low probability
event happening somewhere sometime soon…event happening somewhere sometime soon…
 The unpredictability of disaster events and theThe unpredictability of disaster events and the
high risk and vulnerability profiles make ithigh risk and vulnerability profiles make it
imperative to strengthen disaster preparedness,imperative to strengthen disaster preparedness,
mitigation and enforcement of guidelines,mitigation and enforcement of guidelines,
building codes and restrictions on constructionbuilding codes and restrictions on construction
of buildings in flood-prone areas and stormof buildings in flood-prone areas and storm
surge prone coastal areas.surge prone coastal areas.

18. New Directions forNew Directions for
Disaster ManagementDisaster Management
in Indiain India
 The National Disaster Management AuthorityThe National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) has been set up as the apex body for(NDMA) has been set up as the apex body for
Disaster Management in India, with the PrimeDisaster Management in India, with the Prime
Minister as its Chairman.Minister as its Chairman.
 Disaster Management Authorities will be set upDisaster Management Authorities will be set up
at the State and District Levels to be headed byat the State and District Levels to be headed by
the Chief Ministers and Collectors/Zillathe Chief Ministers and Collectors/Zilla
Parishad Chairmen respectively.Parishad Chairmen respectively.

19. New Directions forNew Directions for
Disaster Management inDisaster Management in
IndiaIndia
 A National Disaster Mitigation Fund will beA National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be
administerd by NDMA. States and districts willadministerd by NDMA. States and districts will
administer mitigation funds.administer mitigation funds.
 A National Disaster Response Fund will beA National Disaster Response Fund will be
administerd by NDMA through the Nationaladministerd by NDMA through the National
Executive Committee. States and Districts willExecutive Committee. States and Districts will
administer state Disaster Response Fund andadminister state Disaster Response Fund and
Disaster Response Fund respectively.Disaster Response Fund respectively.

20. 8 Battalions of8 Battalions of National Disaster ResponseNational Disaster Response
Force (NDRF)Force (NDRF) are being trained andare being trained and
deployed with CSSR and MFRdeployed with CSSR and MFR
equipments and tools in eight strategicequipments and tools in eight strategic
locations.locations.
A National Disaster ManagementA National Disaster Management
Policy and National Disaster ResponsePolicy and National Disaster Response
Plan will also be drawn up.Plan will also be drawn up.

21. Lessons LearntLessons Learnt
Be Prepared : Preparedness and MitigationBe Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation
is bound to yield more effective returns thanis bound to yield more effective returns than
distributing relief after a disaster.distributing relief after a disaster.
Create a Culture of Preparedness andCreate a Culture of Preparedness and
Prevention.Prevention.
Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-
holdersholders

22. Future DirectionsFuture Directions
 Encourage and consolidate knowledge networksEncourage and consolidate knowledge networks
 Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for moreMobilise and train disaster volunteers for more
effective preparedness, mitigation and responseeffective preparedness, mitigation and response
(NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil(NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil
Defence, Homeguards)Defence, Homeguards)
 Increased capacity building leads to fasterIncreased capacity building leads to faster
vulnerability reduction.vulnerability reduction.
 Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness,Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness,
mitigation and disaster responsemitigation and disaster response

23. Future DirectionsFuture Directions
Mobilising stakeholder participation of SelfMobilising stakeholder participation of Self
Help Groups, Women’s Groups, YouthHelp Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth
Groups, Panchayati Raj InstitutionsGroups, Panchayati Raj Institutions
Anticipatory Governance: SimulationAnticipatory Governance: Simulation
exercises, Mock drills and Scenarioexercises, Mock drills and Scenario
AnalysisAnalysis
Indigenous knowledge systems and copingIndigenous knowledge systems and coping
practicespractices

24. Living with Risk: Community BasedLiving with Risk: Community Based
Disaster Risk ManagementDisaster Risk Management
Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive,Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive,
child friendly, eco-friendly and disabledchild friendly, eco-friendly and disabled
friendly disaster managementfriendly disaster management
Technology driven but people ownedTechnology driven but people owned
Knowledge Management: DocumentationKnowledge Management: Documentation
and dissemination of good practicesand dissemination of good practices
Public Private PartnershipPublic Private Partnership

25. Invest in PreparednessInvest in Preparedness
 Investments in Preparedness and PreventionInvestments in Preparedness and Prevention
(Mitigation) will yield sustainable results, rather than(Mitigation) will yield sustainable results, rather than
spending money on relief after a disaster.spending money on relief after a disaster.
 Most disasters are predictable, especially in theirMost disasters are predictable, especially in their
seasonality and the disaster-prone areas which areseasonality and the disaster-prone areas which are
vulnerable.vulnerable.
 Communities must be involved in disasterCommunities must be involved in disaster
preparedness.preparedness.

26. Best PracticesBest Practices
 On 12 November, 1970 a major cyclone hit the coastal beltOn 12 November, 1970 a major cyclone hit the coastal belt
of Bangladesh at 223 km/hr. with a storm surge of six to nineof Bangladesh at 223 km/hr. with a storm surge of six to nine
meters height, killing an estimated 500,000 people.meters height, killing an estimated 500,000 people.
 Due to the Cyclone Preparedness Program, the April 1991Due to the Cyclone Preparedness Program, the April 1991
cyclone with wind speed of 225 km/hr. killed only 138,000cyclone with wind speed of 225 km/hr. killed only 138,000
people even though the coastal population had doubled bypeople even though the coastal population had doubled by
that time.that time.
 In May 1994, in a similar cyclone with a wind speed of 250In May 1994, in a similar cyclone with a wind speed of 250
km/hr. only 127 people lost their lives.km/hr. only 127 people lost their lives.
 In May 1997, in a cyclone with wind speed of 200 km/hr.In May 1997, in a cyclone with wind speed of 200 km/hr.
only 111 people lost their lives.only 111 people lost their lives.

27. New possibilitiesNew possibilities
 National Urban Renewal Mission for 70 cities:National Urban Renewal Mission for 70 cities:
recent experience of “unprecedented” extremerecent experience of “unprecedented” extreme
weather conditions in a few major metros andweather conditions in a few major metros and
megacitiesmegacities
 100,000 Rural Knowledge Centres100,000 Rural Knowledge Centres
( IT Kiosks): Need for Spatial e-Governance for( IT Kiosks): Need for Spatial e-Governance for
informed decision making in disaster-proneinformed decision making in disaster-prone
areas: before, during and after disastersareas: before, during and after disasters

28. ThankyouThankyou