The document discusses Richard Dyer's theory on pop stars from 1979. Dyer states that stars are representations that can reinforce or occasionally alter prevalent conceptions of what it means to be human in society. On one hand, society stresses similarities among social groups, but also suggests norms for each group. Stars influence conceptions of such people.

1. Richard dyer theory
There is a difference between pop performer and pop star as pop stars have lasting significance and brand
awareness.
A star is seen as a fictional character out of a range of materials ( e.g. advertising , magazines including
films.
1979 – dyer states can be argued that stars are representations of persons which reinforce, legitimate or
occasionally alter the prevalent preconceptions of what it is to be a human being in this society.
On the one hand, our society stresses what makes them like others in the social group/class/gender to
which they belong.
This individualising stress involves a separation of the person's "self" from his/her social "roles", and hence
poses the individual against society. On the other hand society suggests that certain norms of behaviour
are appropriate to given groups of people, which many people in such groups would now wish to contest
(e.g. the struggles over representation of blacks, women and gays in recent years).Stars are one of the
ways in which conceptions of such persons are promulgated.”

2. .
1979 – dyer states can be argued that
stars are representations of persons
which reinforce, legitimate or
occasionally alter the prevalent
preconceptions of what it is to be a
human being in this society.
On the one hand, our society stresses
what makes them like others in the social
group/class/gender to which they belong.
An example of this is Lady Gaga’s
extreme fashion sense. Which shocks
millions. However, because she stands
out she is able to be noticed and attracts
fans.

3. Strong relationship between the performance and the narrative in the
video.
They will entwine between the narrative element and the performance
of the song of the band.
A choreographed dance could be part of the artist’s performance or an
extra aspect of the video designed to enhance visuals and the
repeatability factor.
Dilemma – Nelly ft. Kelly Rowland
Ne-yo – miss independent
Carly Rae Jepson – call me maybe
Rihanna – unfaithful
Steve archer theory

4. Ne-yos video ‘miss independent’ supports Steve archers theory.
There is a Strong relationship between the performance and the
narrative in the video due to the costume code and setting. Ne-yo
is surrounded by women wearing suits and smart business
presenting that they are successful and a smart costume code
represents wealth and success in business. The setting is an office
work environment furthering the relationship between
performance and narrative. The choreography for the dance is also
quite masculine with some seductive tones. This is a sexist view
that because they are acting manly they are successful but the
seductive tones could also suggest that they are emphasizing their
femininity whilst still being to able to do jobs as equally as the
male.
Ne-yo – miss independent

5. Music videos tend to include a demonstration of typical genre characteristics representing stereotypes and conventions of the
genre.
e.g. Metal video- stage performance
Pop girl, boy band – dance routine
Rap video – naked girls , flashy cars, bling jewellery
Notions of looking and the voyeuristic treatment of the female body– we are watching the performer and gaining pleasure from it.
The notion of looking includes men or women being portrayed seductively. If there is eye contact with the camera this can make the
viewer feel included and gives the illusion that the viewer/fan is there with the artist.
Features included are mirrors, televisions, cameras ,windows and telescopes etc.
Intertextuality - Music videos that link to film genres or other media texts
e.g. rock, metal songs influenced by horror.
Sound and vision – diegetic and non-diegetic sounds, clear connection between lyrics and visuals.
Illustrative – the visuals literally reflect the lyrics
Contradictors – the visuals contrast with the lyrics e.g. A horror video to a pop song
Amplifications – manipulating the viewers through repetition of key meanings
Disjuncture –the songs meaning is dismissed.
Star image - promotion of the star through low angles , close ups and recurring motifs to represent the artist.
Andrew Goodwin theory

6. Roar analysis
Katy Perry's video ‘roar’ supports Andrew Goodwin theory – she is the main
actor and performer – making the video look more realistic and that helps
engage the audience, it also strengthens the narrative, as the actress
portraying the story is also singing the lyrics. Goodwin theorized that it was
essential for the artist to be the main performer or actor in their music video.

7. Simon firth 1988 theory
Performance, narrative and conceptual are three different types of broad typologies which characterise music videos.
Performance –the singers singing or dancing at a concert to passionate fans. One of the most popular forms.
No doubt – don’t speak
Narrative – a story is told throughout the video – M&M –stan
A common form is love stories – I including boy and girl sometimes singing to each other.
An action story is another form with male domination and a damsel in distress (schichtenberg 1992)
Conceptual – poetic form of video often metaphoric . Firth said that conceptual videos do not tell a story in linear fashion, instead they
create a mood and evoke a feeling from the experience of the viewing.
Lorch 19988 said that they make significant use of the visual element … conveying truths inexpressible discursively.
Sia – chandelier

8. Beyoncé's ‘if I were a boy’ video supports Simon firths theory of a
conceptual video. It is metaphoric to how men stereotypically treat
women in relationships. The narrative is her flirting with other men
and poor treatment of her partner. At the end of the video the roles
are reversed back and it is her partner treating her badly. It is also
narrative because it links with lyrics she is imaging if she ‘was a boy’
while reflecting on her treatment by the male.
If I was a boy analysis