The document discusses systems and defines them as sets of interconnected components that form a unified whole. It describes two types of systems: closed systems, where there is a transfer of energy but not matter between the system and its surroundings; and open systems, where systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of both energy and matter across their boundaries. Most natural systems are open systems.

1. Systems Approach

2. Systems

3. Systems
Any set of interrelated components or objects which are
connected together to form a working unit or unified whole.
In geography it is usual to recognise two general types of
systems: closed and open.

4. Closed Systems

5. Closed Systems
There is transfer of energy, but not matter, between the
system and its surroundings.

6. Closed Systems
There is transfer of energy, but not matter, between the
system and its surroundings.

7. Closed Systems
There is transfer of energy, but not matter, between the
system and its surroundings.

8. Closed Systems
There is transfer of energy, but not matter, between the
system and its surroundings.
Inputs, Stores, Processes, Outputs

9. Closed Systems
There is transfer of energy, but not matter, between the
system and its surroundings.
ENERGY
Inputs, Stores, Processes, Outputs

10. Closed Systems
There is transfer of energy, but not matter, between the
system and its surroundings.
ENERGY ENERGY
Inputs, Stores, Processes, Outputs

12. Open Systems

13. Open Systems
Where systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of
energy and/or matter across the boundaries between
them. Most natural systems are open ones.

14. Open Systems
Where systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of
energy and/or matter across the boundaries between
them. Most natural systems are open ones.

15. Open Systems
Where systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of
energy and/or matter across the boundaries between
them. Most natural systems are open ones.

16. Open Systems
Where systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of
energy and/or matter across the boundaries between
them. Most natural systems are open ones.
Stores, Processes

17. Open Systems
Where systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of
energy and/or matter across the boundaries between
them. Most natural systems are open ones.
Stores, Processes
Inputs

18. Open Systems
Where systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of
energy and/or matter across the boundaries between
them. Most natural systems are open ones.
Stores, Processes
Inputs Outputs

19. Open Systems
Where systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of
energy and/or matter across the boundaries between
them. Most natural systems are open ones.
ENERGY
Stores, Processes
Inputs Outputs

20. Open Systems
Where systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of
energy and/or matter across the boundaries between
them. Most natural systems are open ones.
ENERGY ENERGY
Stores, Processes
Inputs Outputs