The document provides background on key events leading up to the American Revolution. It describes Patriots who wanted independence from Britain and Loyalists who wanted to remain under British rule. It outlines several important colonial meetings including the Virginia Conventions and the First Continental Congress. Key battles are discussed such as Lexington and Concord, Bunker Hill, and Saratoga. Critical documents supporting independence are also summarized, including Thomas Paine's "Common Sense," the Declaration of Independence, and the Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War.
Dalton's law of partial pressure states that total pressure of the mixture of inert gases is equal to the sum of partial pressures of each gas present in the mixture.
Dalton's law of partial pressure states that total pressure of the mixture of inert gases is equal to the sum of partial pressures of each gas present in the mixture.
Hello grammarians! This powerpoint presentation will present the most popular correlative conjunctions as well as the most common mistakes committed by the English speakers and writers.
This presentation introduces young readers to several important text structures. Through examples, pictures, and practice, students will learn how to identify and use the text structures of sequence, description, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution.
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Hello grammarians! This powerpoint presentation will present the most popular correlative conjunctions as well as the most common mistakes committed by the English speakers and writers.
This presentation introduces young readers to several important text structures. Through examples, pictures, and practice, students will learn how to identify and use the text structures of sequence, description, compare and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution.
For a study guide and ready-to-use classroom texts, purchase my unit at http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Introduction-to-Text-Structure-451417
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Patriots
Patriots were American Colonists who wanted to be
free of British rule.
John Adams Ben Franklin Sam Adams Thomas Paine
Alexander Hamilton Paul Revere George Washington
4. Virginia Convention
The Virginia Conventions were a series of 5 political
meetings in the Colony of Virginia during the American
Revolution.
Royal Governor Lord Dunmore had dissolved the House of
Burgesses in 1774.
The Burgesses, operating as the first convention, on August
1, 1774, met and elected representatives to the Virginia
convention, banned all business and payment of debts with
Britain.
The Burgesses declared support for the colonies and called
for a congress of all the colonies called the Continental
Congress.
5. First Continental Congress
Sept. 5 – Oct. 26, 1774
56 Delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies (not including
Georgia)
Met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (midway between
the New England colonies and the southern colonies.)
Met in response to the Intolerable Acts
People in attendance were: Benjamin Franklin, Thomas
Jefferson, John Adams, Sam Adams,
John Jay, Patrick Henry &
George Washington
6. Accomplishments of the Congress
Colonists would continue to boycott English goods
Prepare militias/ armies in the colonies
10 Resolutions sent to the king - Declaration of rights
such as life, liberty and property
The 56 delegates wrote a polite, respectful petition and
sent it to King George III, urging him to consider their
complaints. But the King didn’t listen.
Planned to meet again in May 1775 if the king did not
listen
They did NOT want independence YET.
7. Patrick Henry
“Is life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased
at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty
God! I know not what course others may take, but as
for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”
The second convention of the Virginia
Convention began in Richmond, VA on
March 20, 1775.
At the convention, Patrick Henry proposed
arming the Virginia militia and delivered
his “Give me liberty or give me death”
speech to rally support for the measure.
8. War is near…..
Some Patriots, like Samuel Adams expected a war.
But most Patriots still hoped to find peaceful ways
to settle their differences with England.
The colonies prepared for the worst. The New
England colonies began to stockpile cannonballs
and gunpowder. Colonists kept their weapons in
Concord, 20 miles northwest of Boston.
When the British officers heard about the
colonists weapons being stored in Concord they
decided to attack.
9. War is near…..
Paul Revere and Billy Dawes found out that the British
were coming to Concord but Revere was worried about
his friends, Sam Adams and John Hancock, that were
in Lexington (located next to Concord.) The British
wanted to hang Adams and Hancock for being traitors.
Someone had to get the warning to Lexington
But Revere and Dawes didn’t know what route the
British would take. Would they travel by land or
water?
Revere sent someone to send a signal….One lantern if
they traveled by land…Two lanterns if they traveled
by water.
Revere saw two lanterns…the British were going to
10. Lexington, Massachusetts
1775
Minutemen Paul Revere and William Dawes warned everyone
that “the British were coming!”
When American colonists heard that the British were coming
they grabbed their guns and were ready to fight in a minutes
notice. These men were known as minutemen.
Paul Revere and Billy Dawes made it in time to Lexington to
tell Sam Adams and John Hancock that the British were
coming
Leader of the minutemen stated: “Stand your ground. Don’t
fire unless fired upon. But if they mean war let it begin here!”
11. Lexington, Massachusetts - 1775
Each side said the other fired first. No one knows for
sure who really did
8 American minutemen were dead
It was April 19, 1775 and the shots first fired began
the American Revolution known as The Shot Heard
Round the World.
12. Concord, Massachusetts
The British were more concerned with finding the weapons
hidden in Concord so the British marched to Concord, but
the weapons had been moved.
The British fired and the colonists fired back.
The song Yankee Doodle was made up by the British to
insult the Americans.
They said a Yankee Doodle was a backwoods hick who
didn’t know how to fight.
After the battle in Concord it was the Americans who sang
the song and said “We’ll be Yankee Doodles and be proud
of it!”
British suffered 250 casualties, Colonists less than 100
13. Benjamin Franklin
After violence erupted in
1775, Benjamin Franklin won
support from France and
Spain.
France & Spain secretly
supplied the Continental army
with gold, guns (arms),
gunpowder, uniforms, and
medicine.
14. 2nd
Continental Congress
In May 1775, representatives from all the colonies, except Georgia, met
in Philadelphia
Decided NOT to break away from Britain
The Colonists create an army and call it the Continental Army.
Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the
Continental Army.
Washington accepted the position but refused to take any money for the
job
Olive Branch Petition was sent to King
George III – the olive branch is a
symbol of peace- so the colonist asked
the king to consider their problems and
frustrations before going into battle, but
King George III didn’t even read the
petition.
Began the process of producing the
Declaration of Independence.
15. Fort Ticonderoga
May, 1775
The Patriots went to ask Ethan Allen
and his friends, the Mountain Boys for help in
fighting the British.
Ticonderoga was an important fort which guarded
the water route to Canada
During this battle the colonists took valuable
cannons and artillery, which was eventually shipped
to General Washington in Boston.
16. Battle of Bunker Hill
June, 1775
Colonial militia vs. British regulars
First major battle of the war
Colonists held off two British attacks, but ran out of
gunpowder during the third attack
Colonel William Prescott – “Don’t fire ‘til you see
the whites of their eyes!”
Colonists lost the battle, but proved they had the
ability to fight against the British soldiers
18. Battle at Breed’s Hill – July, 1775
•One night in 1775, while
the British were sleeping
the Americans began
digging structures used for
defense and they dug all
night. By morning the
Americans were done
building their defenses and
the British were surprised
and caught off guard.
•The British had never seen
the Americans work so
fast……this whole time
they thought the Americans
were lazy.
19. Who Won?
The British won Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill.
But what a price to pay for two small battles that didn’t
mean much.
More than 1,000 British soldiers were killed or
wounded and the Americans had lost 441 men.
20. Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”
In January 1776, Thomas Paine
published a pamphlet (booklet) called
“Common Sense.”
Thomas Paine argued that it was
ridiculous for the colonies to be
governed by a far-off island like
Britain.
Paine said it was only “common
sense” that Americans should seek
their independence.
The pamphlet electrified the country.
21. Thomas Paine - “Common Sense”
Paine’s pamphlet sold 500,000 copies throughout colonies, or
one for every five people in America, including slaves.
Common Sense was easy to read, since it was written for the
“common man”
Said that people, not monarchs (kings & queens), should
make the laws
Stated that a monarchy was not fair - people, not kings
should make laws
New idea, helped gain colonial support for the American
Revolution
Colonist had a new reason to fight for their independence
from Britain.
22. The Crisis is a collection of articles written by
Thomas Paine during the American Revolutionary
War.
The essays comprise of Paine's ongoing support for
an independent and self-governing America through
the many severe crises of the Revolutionary War.
General Washington found the first essay so
inspiring, he ordered that it be read to the troops at
Valley Forge.
Thomas Paine - “The Crisis”
23. Continental Congress – May 1776
Continental Congress met in Philadelphia while battles are being
fought.
The Continental Congress decides to be free of Great Britain.
Congress decides that a declaration of independence must be
made, but who’s going to write it ?
Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of
Independence (he had help from John Adams and
Benjamin Franklin.)
The D of I announced that the 13 American
colonies were now officially at war with Great
Britain and were now independent states, and
therefore no longer a part of the British Empire.
24.
25. Declaration of Independence, 1776
Jefferson declared that governments were created to serve the people, and
could only act with the consent of the people.
There are 3 parts to the Declaration of Independence:
Natural rights (3) – the preamble describes the peoples rights and states
that “all Men are created equal” and have the God-given right to “Life,
Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.”
Grievances against King George III
Declaring Independence from Great Britain
26. The Battle of Trenton
In July 1776 the British officer, General William Howe arrived in New York
with over 30,000 British soldiers and Hessian troops.
Hessian troops were German soldiers who were hired to fight for the British
army. 25% of the British army was Hessians.
General Washington had to abandon New York.
Washington and his men had been running and fighting for 4 long months
and they were tired, footsore and hungry.
Washington decided to attack the British army and Hessians in a town called
Trenton just across the Delaware River.
During the night of December 25, Washington led his troops across the icy
Delaware River about 9 miles north of Trenton.
28. The Battle of Trenton
The weather was horrible; high winds combined with snow, sleet and rain. What’s
worse is that some of Washington’s men did not have shoes.
The next morning Washington and his men attacked to the south, taking the
Hessians by surprise.
The Hessians surrendered.
This victory is just what the American colonists needed.
29. Women’s role in the Continental Army
Many women helped the Patriot cause, and
in many different ways.
Some joined sewing clubs, others
served as messengers, nurses, and
spies.
Mary Hays also helped on the
battlefields by carrying water
pitchers to thirsty soldiers & loaded
cannons. She was known as Molly
Pitcher.
30. Battle of Saratoga, 1777
Fighting began on Oct. 7, 1777
“Turning Point Battle”
Fought in Saratoga, New York
British troops ran out of supplies
20,000 Patriots surrounded 6000 Redcoats
British Gen. Burgoyne surrenders to American Gen.
Gates on Oct. 17, 1777
News of the American victory helped convince France
to enter the war fighting along side the Americans.
American Victory
Must Know
31. Countries who helped the U.S.
Following the American victory at Saratoga, Benjamin
Franklin negotiated a treaty in which France openly declared
its support and recognized American independence.
Holland, Spain, and France provided troops and warships
and challenged Britain worldwide transforming the war for
American independence into a war that Britain could not
win.
By the end of the war France had provided nearly $20
million in aid in various kinds and it’s estimated as much as
90% of the gunpowder used by the Americans in the
Revolution was supplied or paid for by the French.
32. Valley Forge
The Continental Army arrived at Valley Forge on
December 19, 1777 after a series of tough battles with
the British.
General Washington had problems with getting
supplies to his troops.
As winter approached, the problems became
worse. It was extremely cold.
Soldiers received irregular supplies of meat and bread.
Shortages forced the men to look for food in the forests
and farm fields that they passed.
33. Valley Forge
Feeding the 12,000+ men at the encampment was only one of the
problems facing the Commander-in-Chief.
General Washington also was having a tough time getting
support from Congress.
There were threats made based on his leadership.
Washington’s officers were unhappy and he needed to better
prepare the troops to meet the enemy in the coming battle.
Clothing, too, was a problem. Long marches had destroyed the
men's shoes.
Blankets were scarce.
Many soldiers became very sick due to being undernourished,
poorly clothed and living in crowded, damp quarters.
34. Valley Forge
George Washington read the following quote from The Crisis by
Thomas Paine to his men at Valley Forge to inspire them to
continue serving their country considering the difficult conditions
they were in.
“These are the times that try men’s souls. The
summer solider and the sunshine patriot will, in
the crisis, shrink from the service of their country;
but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and
thanks of man and woman.”
36. Battle of Yorktown, 1781
British General Cornwallis moved him and his men into Yorktown,
Virginia.
The city of Yorktown is surrounded by water on three sides, but
Cornwallis was confident the British navy could rescue him if
necessary.
Washington is currently in New York working with the French army
Generals.
Washington and his men along with the French army (led by Marquis
de Lafayette) marched down to Yorktown, cornering and trapping
Cornwallis in the city.
The French fleet blocked the Chesapeake Bay, preventing British
warships from helping Cornwallis.
After 8 days under fire, Cornwallis had no choice but to surrender.
37. Yorktown, Virginia
French and Americans join forces at
Yorktown
Final battle of the American Revolution
British General Cornwallis surrendered
8,000 men
The war is over
Must Know
American Victory
38.
39. Treaty of Paris, 1783
Written by Benjamin Franklin and John
Adams
Ends the American Revolution
Britain recognizes the 13 Colonies as the
Thirteen United States America and that they
are a free and independent country.
The U.S. receives all land East of the
Mississippi River, except for Spanish Florida
Britain agrees to leave all British Forts on U.S. property
We are now known as the Thirteen United States of America
and are free of Great Britain's rule. YIPEE!!