This document discusses the roles of civil society organizations and communities in health. It defines civil society organizations as non-governmental and not-for-profit groups expressing public interests. Their roles include building trust, providing health services, promoting health, influencing policy, and allocating resources. Communities play important roles through education and advocacy, social behavior change, mobilizing to identify and prioritize health problems, and bridging with agencies. Both civil society organizations and communities help monitor the health system through surveillance of quality, responsiveness, and equity.

1. Dr Moazzam A Khan.
MSPH 2014-15
Health services academy
Islamabad,Pakistan

2. Outline
 Introduction and definitions
 Role of civil society organizations
 Role of community in health
 Surveillance of the system

3. Define Civil Society & Organizations
 “non-governmental and not-for-profit organizations that
have a presence in public life, expressing the interests
and values of their members or others, based on ethical,
cultural, political, scientific, religious or philanthropic
considerations. Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)
therefore refer to a wide of array of organizations:
community groups, non-governmental organizations
(NGOs), labor unions, indigenous groups, charitable
organizations, faith-based organizations, professional
associations, and foundations”.
 http://go.worldbank.org/4CE7W046K0

4. Community A Shared Understanding
 A Community: “is that group of a race of people
sharing beliefs that allow a single shared
understanding that insensibly incorporates the racial
character of the group.
 Hence all communities, from tribes to nations, are
founded by a particular race with a unique
understanding “
A Study Of Our Decline' by P Atkinson

5. Things that bind us together
 Occupation
 Language
 Beliefs
 Religion
 Values
 Terrt0ry
 Culture

6. WHO define as
Community participation
 a process by which people are enabled to become
actively and genuinely involved in defining the issues of
concern to them, in making decisions about factors
that affect their lives, in formulating and implementing
policies, in planning, developing and delivering services
and in taking action to achieve change’
(WHO, 2002, p.10).

7. PARTICIPATION
 Spectrum of program should be broad
 Aim of participation should be well being for whole
community
 Participation should be voluntary
 Participation should be on different stages of welfare
program

8. Participants
 Participants should have control over development
initiatives
 Participants should be resourceful
 Participants should be issue and goal oriented

9. Community mobilization
 As an individual I could do nothing. As a group
we could find a way to solve each other’s
problems”
 http://psychosocial.actalliance.org

10. The Primary Health Care Movement towards Health
Alma Ata, 1977
 The Alma Ata declaration define PHC “essential health care




based on partical,scientifically sound and socially acceptable
method and technology
Made universally accessible to individuals and families in the
community
Through their fully participation and
At a cost that the community and country can afford to
maintain at every stage of their development
In the spirit of self –reliance and self determination
(WHO, Alma Ata Declaration VI, 1978, p.1).

11.  Role Of Civil Society In Health

12. Role Of Civil Society In Health
 Trust Building
 Health Service provision
 Health promotion
 Policy making
 Allocation of resources
 Surveillance of the system

13. Trust Building
 To work in specific domain, individuals and groups
have to organize themselves in such a way that they
could win the trust of masses.
 It will enable to engage them in activities of public
importance and pursue their collective interests.

14. Health services provision
 Creating awareness of community regarding core
health issues through education and advocacy.
 Providing them with health resources e.g condoms,
contraceptives and bed nets etc.
 Raising the morale of health workers and building
support for them.

15. Health Promotion
 Collecting and disseminating health data.
 Building informed public opinion on health issues.
 Project designing and implementation.
 Help to shift social attitudes e.g. smoking in public places.
 Developing positive attitudes towards health issues e.g.
encouraging healthy eating habits.

16. Policy making
 Representing public interest in policy making.
 Developing policy consensus and enhancing public
support.
 Promoting equity in provision of health services.

17. Allocation of resources
 Funding to health services.
 Need based resource allocation.
 Mobilizing and organizing community for financial
assistance.
 Initiating Public accountability and transparency in
resource allocation.

19. Role Of Community In Health
 Education & Advocacy
 Social Behaviors

20.  Mobilization of community
 Resource Identification

21. 
Problem Identification
 Bridging to any agency

22.  Awareness ( through any source of media)
 Self motivation
 Identification of problem

Short term
 Long term

23.  Prioritize the urgency of the needed help
 Intercommunity advocacy( different age groups, gender)
 Identify own sources and limitation to combat that public
health challenge
 Seeking appropriate help
 Civil society
 Government

24.  Bridging, persuation
 Helping the helping agency in understanding the local
sensitivities
 Trust building
 Appropriate timing to initiate the goal achievement
 Prioritization of population(housing, microfinance etc for
marginalized on priority)

25.  Consistency of communities enthusiasm , patience (
any unavoidable circumstances)
 Checks and balancing in work progress
 Initiative to train local force for better service delivery
 Encourage the role playing of marginalized

27. Surveillance of the system
 Monitoring quality and responsiveness of health
services.
 Highlighting the neglected groups and promoting
equity.
 Giving voice to the patient rights, challenging and
negotiating patient complaints and claims in provision
of health services.

28. ROLE OF EXSISTING CUMMUNITY
INSTITUTIONS
 Religious institutions
 Schools
 bhaithak / elders/ jirga
 CHW
 Dispensary /BHU/RHC
 Doctors familes

29. Reference
 World bank.
 Who
 A Study Of Our Decline' by P Atkinson
 Alma ata decleration.