The document discusses the determinants of health, which are defined as the conditions that influence individual and population health, including social, economic, cultural, environmental and lifestyle factors. It outlines the key components of determinants, including socioeconomic status, living/working conditions, social support networks, and individual factors. The document explains why understanding determinants of health is important for public health efforts aimed at health promotion and disease prevention.

1. Determinants of Health
Prepared By Dr. Anees AlSaadi
CMT-P R4
December 2013

2. Determinants of Health
Determinants of Health

3. Determinants of Health
Outline:
• Concept of Health.
• Determinants of Health Definition.
• Determinants of Health Components.
• Why Determinants of Health are Important?
• Practical Exercise.

4. Concept of Health.
What is the Definition of Health ….?

6. “Health is Multi-dimensional Concept that
Transcends the Mere Absence of Illness”

7. Determinants of Health Definition
Conditions in the social, physical and economic
environment in which people are born, live, work
and age, including the access to the health care.

8. Determinants of Health Definition
Dahlgren and Whitehead Rainbow (1991)

9. Determinants of Health Components
General
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Socio-economic
Political
Cultural
Environmental Conditions
Living and
Working
Conditions
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Housing
Health Care Services
Work / Unemployment
Education
Water and Sanitation
Agricultural And Food
Social
Community
Network
Individual &
Life Style
Factors
• Family Support
• Participation with Governmental Processes
• Age
• Sex
• Constitutional Factors

10. Determinants of Health Components
General
Cultural:
Health is affected by traditions and
beliefs of the family community.

11. Determinants of Health Components
General
Cultural:
Health is affected by traditions and beliefs
of the family community.

12. Determinants of Health Components
General
Socio-economic

13. Determinants of Health Components
General
Socio-economic

14. Determinants of Health Components
Living and Working Conditions
Working / Unemployment:
Type of work may be related to occupational diseases and
stress.
Unemployment may be lead to financial instability,
inaccessibility to health services and others.

15. Determinants of Health Components
Living and Working Conditions
Health Care Services:
The historical decline in tuberculosis in England and Wales, 1840– 1970,
showing the timing of critical discoveries in understanding the disease

16. Determinants of Health Components
Living and Working Conditions
Health Care Services:
Introduction of
EPI
Major changes in
Services provision

17. Determinants of Health Components
Living and Working Conditions
Health Care Services:
Accessibility: Preventive, promotive and Curative.
– Availability.
– Cost.
– Communication and Knowledge.
– Geographically.

18. Determinants of Health Components
Social Community Network
Family Support:
Mrs. Sulawesi lacks a supportive social network.
– No communication.
– Alone in a strange place.
– Different culture and backgrounds.

19. Determinants of Health Components
Social Community Network
Family Support:
– It is a source of emotional reassurance.
– Safe place for a person to discuss his problems.
– Information and practical support, such as knowing
someone who can assist in a time of need.
– Making healthier behavior choices.

20. Determinants of Health Components
Individual & Life Style Factors
Age:
• Increase in the number of elderly.(2020/ 1 billion)
• Two-third in developing countries.
• Increase prevalence of Chronic Diseases and
disabilities.

21. Determinants of Health Components
Determinant
Health Impact
A good health will be result of:
General Socioeconomic, Cultural
and Environmental
• Social equality: equal access to health care.
• National security: economic, political and
military security.
• Social stability.
• Income and social class:
• higher income: more access to health care,
nutrition, housing, more healthy behavior
and more social network.

22. Determinants of Health Components
Determinant
Health Impact
Living and Working
Conditions
Physical environment:
• Safe water.
• Healthy Food.
• Clean Air
Food and agriculture:
• Tobacco farming
• Chemical use and pesticide use.
• Access and distribution of food.
• Food safety and food borne illness hazards:
Salmonella, campylobacter, E.Coli O157,
Hepatitis A and heavy metals.

23. Determinants of Health Components
Determinant
Health Impact
Social and community
Network
Better physical and psychological
wellbeing result with:
• Greater Support from families, friends
and communities.
• Participation in economically and
socially active activities.
• Participation within governmental
processes.

24. Determinants of Health Components
Determinant
Individual & Life Style
Factors
Health Impact
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Aging.
Inheritance and Genetic susceptibility.
Brain growth.
Early life exposure to risk factors.
Economic and educational level.
Life style: smoking, physical activity,
coping with stress and alcohol
consumption.

25. Why Determinants of Health ?
Direct Impact
on Health
Interact With
Each other to
Produce
Health
Determinants
of Health
Structure
Behaviours.
Predict
Greatest
Proportion of
Health Status
Variance.

26. Why Determinants of Health ?
Health promotion is fundamentally concerned with
action and advocacy to address the full range of
potentially modifiable determinants of health.

27. Why Determinants of Health ?
They are the root of the problems so it gives us
what strategies should be used in HP to promote
health or prevention of diseases.

28. Practical Exercise

29. Practical Exercise
Group 1: Write on how policy making as a determinant affects the
health by giving an example of a policy with public prevention effect.
Group 2: Write on how the environment, as a determinant, affects the
health giving examples of disease or complication related to
environmental exposure.
Group 3: Write how gender affects health giving clinical examples on
conditions related to the gender.