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Ch 5: Integumentary System
You gotta have skin;
All you really need is skin.
Skin's the thing, that if you've got it
outside,
It helps keep your insides in.

     Alan Sherman (1924-1973)




                                                      Developed by
                                          John Gallagher, MS, DVM
   Cutaneous Membrane,
    i.e. skin
       Epidermis
       Dermis
       Hypodermis

   Accessory Structures
       Excretory glands (?)
       Hair
       Nails
   Type of Epithelium?
   Avascular

   Different layers
    (= strata)
       4 layers in thin skin
       5 layers in thick skin
A Concept Map (from Histo, Part 1
                                     Epithelial
                                      tissues



         Squamous                         Columnar            Cuboidal




Simple              Stratified                    Simple          Simple




                       Keratinized         Pseudostratified      Stratified




                     Nonkeratinized          Transitional
Cell types:
    Stem cells (basal cells)
    Melanocytes
    Merkel cells (touch receptors in hairless skin only)




 = stratum
                 Stratum
 basale
                 germinativum
Innermost,
single layer
   Stem cell daughter cells (some can still divide)
       Establishment of Desmosomes
           The desmosomes create the “spines” as artifact pulls the cells apart




Several cells
thick
   Cells displaced from stratum spinosum  Keratinocytes
      Production of keratohyalin and keratin fibers
      Cells start to die. Dehydration leaves interlocked layers of keratin and
       keratohyalin




Small
                     Stratum
granules of          granulosum
keratin
    In “thick skin” only, i.e., palms of hands and soles of feet
    Cells do not stain well  clear (lucid) looking




    Mostly           Stratum
    keratin          lucidum
   Many layers of flattened, dead cells, filled with keratin
   Continually sloughed
   Water-resistant but not water proof ( insensible perspiration)
   Relatively dry - advantage?
   Keratinization occurs everywhere except for anterior surface of
    eye


       15-30 layers
       (much thicker
       in thick skin)
Refers to epidermis
   Average 0.08 mm          Up to 1.5 mm
   Most of body             Where??
c
Depends on 3 pigments:

     Hemoglobin (dermal blood supply)
         Reddish tones
         Pale, due to?
         Bluish (=?), due to?
     Melanin
         Produced by melanocytes of stratum basale
     Carotene
         Obtained from plant foods
Function ? UV
 protection?


Number of
melanocytes same
in all people,
production levels
differ !
Albinism




           Vitiligo
1. Papillary layer
   Areolar (loose)
   c.t.
2. Reticular layer
   dense irregular
   c.t.
Review of Connective Tissue




•Loose (areolar)   •Irregular          •Hyaline    •Compact
      •Reticular   •Regular             •Elastic   •Spongy
       •Adipose    •Elastic      •Fibrocartilage




  This is similar to Table 4.2
   Dermal papillae
         project between
         epidermal ridges.
     Consist of
        Loose c.t.

M      Capillaries
        Tactile receptors
Consist of
   Dense irregular c.t.
   Accessory
    Structures
       Hair
       Glands
       Nerves
       Blood Supply
   2 other names
       Subcutaneous Layer
        (subcutis)
       Superficial fascia
   Indistinct boundary (c.t.
    fibers interwoven)
       Loose c.t.
Function
       Stabilization of skin while
        allowing for independent
        movement
   Hair follicles and hair
   Glands
       1. Sebaceous Glands
       2. Apocrine glands
       3. Eccrine sweat glands
   Nails
   5 million
    hairs/human body.
    (98% not on top of
    head)
   Three hair types
    (vellus – intermediate –
    terminal)

   Function ?
   Hair color
   Growth cycle
Skin Glands
Sebum discharged mostly into hair
   follicles
   (lubrication & bactericidal)




                                  Sebaceous follicles, = Large
                                  sebaceous glands, discharge
                                  directly to epidermis
                                  Folliculitis; furuncle (boil);
                                  acne
   Empty into hair follicle
   Location: armpits, groin, nipples
   Viscous, cloudy secretion  good nutrient source for
    bacteria (odor !!)
   Secretion may contain Pheromones
   Secretion begins at puberty and is stimulated during
    emotional distress (cold sweat)
   Merocrine secretion
   Empty directly onto skin surface
   Location: most all over body (esp.
    abundant on palms & soles: ~
    500/cm2)
   Clear, watery secretion (99% H2O;
    rest NaCl + some waste products)
   Sensible perspiration; Function: ?
Other integumentary Glands:

   Mammary glands: Modified apocrine
    sweat glands

   Ceruminous glands: Modified sweat
    glands in ears
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (Epithelioma)   BCC
    1. Most common, not malignant
 2. Squamous Cell CA
    1. Stratum spinosum
 3. Melanoma




                                                     SCC


Iris Melanoma                             Dermal
                                          Melanoma
Skin and Aging Process
Chapter5 integumentarymarieb

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Chapter5 integumentarymarieb

  • 1. Ch 5: Integumentary System You gotta have skin; All you really need is skin. Skin's the thing, that if you've got it outside, It helps keep your insides in. Alan Sherman (1924-1973) Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM
  • 2. Cutaneous Membrane, i.e. skin  Epidermis  Dermis  Hypodermis  Accessory Structures  Excretory glands (?)  Hair  Nails
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Type of Epithelium?  Avascular  Different layers (= strata)  4 layers in thin skin  5 layers in thick skin
  • 6. A Concept Map (from Histo, Part 1 Epithelial tissues Squamous Columnar Cuboidal Simple Stratified Simple Simple Keratinized Pseudostratified Stratified Nonkeratinized Transitional
  • 7. Cell types:  Stem cells (basal cells)  Melanocytes  Merkel cells (touch receptors in hairless skin only) = stratum Stratum basale germinativum Innermost, single layer
  • 8. Stem cell daughter cells (some can still divide)  Establishment of Desmosomes  The desmosomes create the “spines” as artifact pulls the cells apart Several cells thick
  • 9. Cells displaced from stratum spinosum  Keratinocytes  Production of keratohyalin and keratin fibers  Cells start to die. Dehydration leaves interlocked layers of keratin and keratohyalin Small Stratum granules of granulosum keratin
  • 10. In “thick skin” only, i.e., palms of hands and soles of feet  Cells do not stain well  clear (lucid) looking Mostly Stratum keratin lucidum
  • 11. Many layers of flattened, dead cells, filled with keratin  Continually sloughed  Water-resistant but not water proof ( insensible perspiration)  Relatively dry - advantage?  Keratinization occurs everywhere except for anterior surface of eye 15-30 layers (much thicker in thick skin)
  • 12. Refers to epidermis  Average 0.08 mm  Up to 1.5 mm  Most of body  Where??
  • 13. c
  • 14. Depends on 3 pigments:  Hemoglobin (dermal blood supply)  Reddish tones  Pale, due to?  Bluish (=?), due to?  Melanin  Produced by melanocytes of stratum basale  Carotene  Obtained from plant foods
  • 15. Function ? UV protection? Number of melanocytes same in all people, production levels differ !
  • 16. Albinism Vitiligo
  • 17. 1. Papillary layer Areolar (loose) c.t. 2. Reticular layer dense irregular c.t.
  • 18. Review of Connective Tissue •Loose (areolar) •Irregular •Hyaline •Compact •Reticular •Regular •Elastic •Spongy •Adipose •Elastic •Fibrocartilage This is similar to Table 4.2
  • 19. Dermal papillae project between epidermal ridges. Consist of  Loose c.t. M  Capillaries  Tactile receptors
  • 20. Consist of  Dense irregular c.t.  Accessory Structures  Hair  Glands  Nerves  Blood Supply
  • 21. 2 other names  Subcutaneous Layer (subcutis)  Superficial fascia  Indistinct boundary (c.t. fibers interwoven)  Loose c.t. Function  Stabilization of skin while allowing for independent movement
  • 22. Hair follicles and hair  Glands  1. Sebaceous Glands  2. Apocrine glands  3. Eccrine sweat glands  Nails
  • 23. 5 million hairs/human body. (98% not on top of head)  Three hair types (vellus – intermediate – terminal)  Function ?  Hair color  Growth cycle
  • 25. Sebum discharged mostly into hair follicles (lubrication & bactericidal) Sebaceous follicles, = Large sebaceous glands, discharge directly to epidermis Folliculitis; furuncle (boil); acne
  • 26. Empty into hair follicle  Location: armpits, groin, nipples  Viscous, cloudy secretion  good nutrient source for bacteria (odor !!)  Secretion may contain Pheromones  Secretion begins at puberty and is stimulated during emotional distress (cold sweat)
  • 27.
  • 28. Merocrine secretion  Empty directly onto skin surface  Location: most all over body (esp. abundant on palms & soles: ~ 500/cm2)  Clear, watery secretion (99% H2O; rest NaCl + some waste products)  Sensible perspiration; Function: ?
  • 29.
  • 30. Other integumentary Glands:  Mammary glands: Modified apocrine sweat glands  Ceruminous glands: Modified sweat glands in ears
  • 31.
  • 32. 1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (Epithelioma) BCC 1. Most common, not malignant 2. Squamous Cell CA 1. Stratum spinosum 3. Melanoma SCC Iris Melanoma Dermal Melanoma
  • 33. Skin and Aging Process