1. Photograph of newspaper advertisement from the 1780's for the sale of slaves at Ashley Ferry outside of Charleston, South Carolina. " To be sold, on board the ship Bance Island ..... about 250 fine healthy negroes, just arrived from the Windward & Rice Coast ." The ad goes on to say that the utmost care has been taken to keep the slaves from being infected with small pox, and " all other communication witha people from CharlesTown prevented. " A smallpox epidemic in Charleston in 1760 was one of the worst in the colonial period. In a population of about 8000, there were an estimated 6000 cases and over 730 deaths, or 9% of the population. It was not until 1796 that Edward Jenner demonstrated that cowpox vaccination could protect people against smallpox more safely than live smallpox vaccination

2. Runaway Indentured Servant Advertisement. Source: Maryland Gazette, 17 November 1764, MSA SC 2731, Maryland Gazette collection, Maryland State Archives, Annapolis.

4. Pre - 1675

5. “ Westward from the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys to the Pacific coast, Native American, French, and Spanish power held sway throughout most of the 18 th Century.” p 90

6. Proclamation line of 1763 Established by: Treaty of Paris 1753

7. “ At the outset of the 18 th century, observers often commented on the HETEROGENEITY of the Atlantic Coast colonies…” “ New York City was the best example of this; in this port city lived English, Dutch, Scots, Irish, Germans, Walloons, Portuguese, Africans, and Jews.” “… efforts to Anglicize African slaves and European servants often floundered under local pressures. Ethnicity in Eighteenth-Century North America, p 90

9. 1720s

10. Nathaniel Bacon, 1640 – 1676 Bacon’s Rebellion, Jamestown Virginia, 1676

12. Captivity Narrative Mary Rowlandson: 1682 See Lecture Notes for The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano

13. “ It was during the 18 th Century that the balance of power tipped irretrievably away from Native Americans…from an estimated population of 5,000,000 persons in 1500, Native American nations dramatically declined to about six hundred thousand by 1800.” p 91 Columbia Documentary History of Race and Ethnicity Middle Ground: Wyandots, Ottawas, Miamis, Shawnee and others

14. New Netherlands, 1656 “ Even in New England, which was dominated by English peoples, by midcentury, more than 30 percent of its inhabitants came from outside England.” p 90 CHRE

15. Crossing Over “ Native Americans attempted to re-group by assembling new nations out of the remnants of older ones and practiced adoption into the tribe or band on a large scale” p 91 CHRE

16. The Man Who Knows Indians Daniel Boone Theme The Ballad of Davy Crockett Fess Parker Ed Ames Maureen O'Sullivan Tarzan and His Mate, 1934

18. The Racial Frontier: Irish immigrants as “other”

19. Simon Girty: The White Savage The Degenerative Myth of the Frontier http:// www.aceintheholeproductions.ca/films/girty.html

21. Ohio Company of Virginia, Chartered 1747

23. U.S. Constitution Article I Section 2 “ Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons .”“ Changed with passage of the 14 th Amendment Ratified July 9, 1868

24. I was a captive... John McCain: Military Past on Center Stage Andrew Jackson and Indian Removal

25. Ideas of Whiteness The Fightin ' Whities