2. PARETO DIAGRAMPARETO DIAGRAM
The pareto diagram is a graphical overview of the
process problems, in ranking order of the most
frequent, down to the least frequent, in descending
order from left to right. Thus, the pareto diagram
illustrates the frequency of fault types. Using a
pareto, we can decide which fault is the most serious
or most frequent offender.
The basic underlying rule behind pareto’s law is that
in almost every case, 80% of the total problems
incurred are caused by 20% of the problem cause
types; such as people, machines, parts, processes, and
other factors related to the production of the product.
Therefore, by concentrating on the major problems
first, we can eliminate the majority of our problems.
The few items that have the largest amount of
occurrence is our more frequent problem, than are the
many items that only happen once in a while. This is
called the “vital few over the trivial many” rule.
Quite often, once we cure several of the “big hitters”
we also eliminate some problems at the same time.
5. Stratification
Stratification describes the way in which
different groups of people are placed within
society. The status of the people is often
determined by how society is stratified – the
basis of which can include;
1. Wealth and income
2. Social class
3. Ethnicity
4. Gender
5. Political status
6. Religion
The stratification of society is also based
upon either an open, or closed, system.
6. Stratification of symptoms
of bunking lecture
Although it sounds against the normal
culture, but there are certain incentives to it.
Bunking a class can actually improve our
performance and various other parameters.
Here are 5 reasons on why should break the
rule and go out, when we are not supposed
to go.
1. Independence
1. An independent person can only
lead a successful life. If he/she has
independent ideas and thinking it’ll
become easier for him to take
decisions in future.
2. Improved academics performance
1. If we bunk our class, we won’t
know how a particular problem has
been solved, or how a particular
thing works. So what if you were
absent. We will spend more time
7. with the books and hence use your
brains. So we are not just a robot.
3. Good relationship with teachers
1. When we bunk, we don’t get
attendance. So we go up to our
teachers for some help. So the
harmony between the teacher and the
student increases
4. Fun
1. The most obvious reason is fun.
Increase our awareness by spending
quality time with our friends.
5. Peace
1. Yes, we get peace. The
cacophonous class can make you
distasteful and hence make you more
irritable. So you get what the world
wants, “peace “
A student's main work is studying. If one
is confident of managing without
teacher-help, there is nothing wrong is
occasional bunking.
8. One should always keep in mind that the
money one spends is the hard-earned
money of the parents. The parents
should not be made to feel at a later
stage that what they had spent could
have been put to better use.
Whatever may be the explanation given,
students bunk classes for other reasons
like, seeing a movie, spending time with
friends in a beach or restaurant etc. Here
again the money so wasted is that of the
parents. The persons spending money
have the right to see that it is spend
properly.
Persons bunking classes mostly get into
problems, and expect their parents to get
them out of these. All these create
problems in the family and students
should realise they are responsible for
these.
9. It takes some time for students to adjust
themselves to the way of teaching of a
particular person. The impatient ones
bunk classes while the intelligent ones
remain and produve good results to the
satisfaction of all. The bunking ones lag
behind and repent later.
Students, to a large extent, shape a good
teacher. If the students are studious and
ask intelligent questions, the teahers will
come prepared and be useful to them. If
the students are the bunking-type, the
classes may not be lively and useful.
Here it is apt to say that 'the students get
the teachers they deserve'.
Bunking classes should ne avoided.
10. Problem definition
."
Mass bunk, as we all know that, is one of
the most euphonious attribute of student
life. If we call it a crush for students, then
it would be obsession when it comes to
engineering students. They always crave
for it, and we all know it.
Mass can be defined as an eulogized
practice in which most of the students
preferably decides to skip the class
deliberately.
11. Identification of symptoms
that account 80% of
frequency
Pareto analysis is creative way of looking
at causes of problems because it helps
stimulate thinking and organize thoughts.
Step to identify the important causes using
80/20 rule:
1. From the explicit table listing the
causes and their frequency as a
percentage.
2. Arrange the rows in the decreasing
order of importance of the causes.
3. Add a cumulative percentage column
to the table.
4. Plot with causes on x- and cumulative
percentage on y-axis.
5. Join the above points to form a curve.
6. Plot a bar graph with causes on x- and
percentage frequency on y-axis.
12. 7. Draw a line at 80% on y-axis parallel
to x-axis then drop the line at the point
of intersection with the curve on x-
axis. This point on the x-axis separates
the important causes and trivial causes.
8. Explicitly review the chart to ensure
that at least 80% of the causes are
captured.
13. Learning experience
1. Solves efficiently a problem by the
identification and the
hierarchisation, according to their
importance, of the main causes of
the fault.
2. Sets the priorities for many
practical applications. Some
examples are: process
improvement efforts for increased
unit readiness, customer needs,
suppliers, investment
opportunities.
3. Shows where to focus efforts.
4. Allows better use of limited
resources.
