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1. PHILIPPINE JOURNALISM
BEFORE MARTIAL LAW
1965-1972

2. PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON’S
“RIGHT ARM IN ASIA”

3. PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON’S
“RIGHT ARM IN ASIA”

4. ANTI-VIETNAM AND ANTI-SOCIALIST
PRESS

5. ANTI-VIETNAM AND ANTI-SOCIALIST
PRESS
 Victor D. Montero (Propaganda in our Newspapers: A
Study on Slanted News Reporting, Copy Editing and
Editing in our metropolitan Newspapers)

6. ANTI-VIETNAM AND ANTI-SOCIALIST
PRESS
4 MAJOR INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES
 Associated Press (AP)
 United Press International (UPI)
 Reuters
 Agence France Presse (AFP)

7. THE PRESS FOUNDATION OF ASIA
 Western Influence

8. THE PRESS FOUNDATION OF ASIA
 Western Influence
 “Depthnews”

9. CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM

10. CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
SENSATIONALISM
“inclusion of lurid and salacious details; use of blown-
up pictures not pertinent to the report; placement in
the front pages of the papers; and too much space
allotted to crime stories.”

11. CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
 The
LucilaLalu Jigsaw Murder Case (June
1967)

12. The LucilaLalu Case:
The Original Chop Chop
Lady

24. CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
 The
LucilaLalu Jigsaw Murder Case (June
1967)

25. CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
 The
LucilaLalu Jigsaw Murder Case (June
1967)
 Maggie de la Riva Rape Case (July 1967)

35. CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
 Philippine Press Council
 “to act as a policing body of the press as a profession and
as a business”
 Violations:
 willful inaccuracy and untruthfulness
 unfair and dishonest methods of gathering news
 intrusion into privacy
 Bribery
 plagiarism
 overplay of sex and crime stories
 refusal to publish corrections
 promotion of hatred between peoples and groups
 indecency

36. CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
“Roads and bridges are necessary and they may be
the underpinning of the economy. But we submit, Mr.
President, that they are not the foundations of a
human community. Man needs more than rice and
roads. Above all things, the human community needs
justice and the trust that flows from it.
For justice, which is the foundation of peace, has
denied to our people. In its stead is privilege…
With each passing day, the danger and the threats
the present state of affairs carry, increase…
The power and the facilities to carve order out of
the current disorder are in your hands, Mr. President.
You alone can apply them.”

37. CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM
 Peace and Order Coordinating Council

38. PR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

39. PR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES
 Public Information Office (PIO)
 Press Secretary Jose P. Aspiras
 “provide much needed leadership and direction in
communications in government”

40. THE CIA AND THE ‘69 ELECTIONS

41. MARCOS VS THE PRESS
1969 Elections
 Manila Times
 Manila Chronicle
 Fernando Lopez
 “Prescription for a Revolution”
 Sen. Benigno Aquino Sr. and The Manila Times

42. MARCOS VS THE PRESS
o Government Report
o Daily Express (1972)

43. ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS

44. ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS
 “Protest Journalism”

45. ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS
 Philippine Collegian (UP)
 Ang Malaya (Philippine College of Commerce)
 Pandayan (Ateneo de Manila)
 AngHasik (PamantasanngLungsodngMaynila)
 Balawis (Mapua Institute of Technology)
 Lagablab (Philippine Science High School)
 Bandilang Pula
 Himagsik

46. ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS
 Kalayaan (KabataangMakabayan)
 Struggle (Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation)
 Political Review (Movement for the Advancement of
Nationalism)
 AngSosyalista (The Socialist Party of the Philippines)
 AngBayan
 AngKomunista

47. THE YUYITUNG CASE

48. THE YUYITUNG CASE
 Quintin and Rizal Yuyitung

49. THE YUYITUNG CASE
CHARGES
 “…causing to be published in various issues of the Chinese
Commercial News articles and news items which are
subversive, seditious, libelous and offensive to the very
integrity and dignity of the Governement of the Republic
of the Philippines, its officials and the Filipino People.”
 “That the above-mentioned respondents in causing the
publication in the Chinese Commercial News of articles and
news items…have utilized the said newspaper as a vehicle
to promote or enhance the communists’ cause in this
country, especially among the Chinese Community,
thereby persuading or influencing the latter to support
the communist regime in Red China.”

50. THE YUYITUNG CASE
 “That the above-named respondents…have given stress
and emphasis to communistic propaganda as shown by
their writings and editorial comment that they have
caused to be published in various issues of the Chinese
Commercial News…”
 “That the above-named respondents have likewise
advocated and are advocating the teaching and
propagation of doctrines tending to generate or incite an
armed revolution against the government of the Republic
of the Philippines and the duly constituted authorities.”

51. THE FILIPINIZATION ISSUE

52. CRISIS IN THE NEWSPAPER ECONOMY

53. CRISIS IN THE NEWSPAPER ECONOMY
 REASONS:
 Small circulation/a miniscule subscribing readership
 High overhead
 Minimal advertising revenue
 Shortage of skilled labor and competent editorial
personnel
 High cost materials like ink, newsprint and photographic
films, paper and chemicals which are generally imported
 The rapid encroachment of television and radio
 Language problems
 Stiff competition

54. CRISIS IN THE NEWSPAPER ECONOMY
 Newsprint
 Stiff Competition
 Daily Express
 Newspaper plants were expanded and modernized
 Manila Chronicle
 Chronicle Magazine
 Entertainment Guide
 Woman and the Home

55. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS

56. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 The Lopez Family
 Night club
 Ice drop factory
 The Iloilo-Negros Air Express Co.
 The Iloilo Transportation Co.
 Far Eastern Air Transport Inc.
 El Tiempo-Times Publishing Company (El
Tiempo and Iloilo Times)

57. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 Fernando Lopez Sr.
 The Manila Chronicle
 Electric power
 Oil and oil products
 Heavy machinery & construction
 Sugar
 Shipping
 Cement
 Stocks and securities
 Real estate
 Banking
 Telecommunications
 Education
 Insurance
 Media

58. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 Soriano Empire (Philippines Herald)

59. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 Andres Soriano y Cia
 Copper and iron mines
 Timber concession
 Oil exploration
 Soft drink bottling
 Ice cream factories
 Metal drums
 Fertilizer
 Jute bags
 Chicken feed
 Electric light bulbs
 Plastic tubes
 Cardboard cartons

60. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 Elizalde Family

61. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 Joaquin Miguel Elizalde
 Business Management and Politics

62. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 Juan Miguel Elizalde
 “War Hero”

63. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 Manuel Elizalde
 Acknowledged leader of the Elizalde family
 President of Elizalde& Co.
 Elizalde Rope Factory, Inc.
 Elizalde Paint and Oil Factory, Inc.
 Manila Steamship Co., Inc.
 La Carlota Sugar Central
 Tanduay Distillery, Inc.
 Samar Mining Company
 Metropolitan Insurance Company
 Bukidnon Cattle Development Company
 Vice president of the Manila Broadcasting Corp.
 Director of the Philippine Broadcasting Company

64. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 Manuel Elizalde
 Acknowledged leader of the
Elizalde family
 President of Elizalde& Co.
 Elizalde Rope Factory, Inc.
 Elizalde Paint and Oil Factory,
Inc.
 Manila Steamship Co., Inc.
 La Carlota Sugar Central
 Tanduay Distillery, Inc.
 Samar Mining Company
 Metropolitan Insurance
Company
 Bukidnon Cattle Development
Company
 Vice president of the Manila
Broadcasting Corp.
 Director of the Philippine
Broadcasting Company

65. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 The Roces Clan
 Alejandro Roces Sr.

66. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 The Roces Clan
 Alejandro Roces Sr.
 Ramon Roces

67. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 The Roces Clan
 Alejandro Roces Sr.
 Ramon Roces
 Antonio Roces

68. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 The Roces Clan
 Alejandro Roces Sr.
 Ramon Roces
 Antonio Roces
 Joaquin Roces Jr.

69. MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS
 The Marcoses

70. LIMITED READERSHIP