2. 3. How To Learn Grammar Using Media
• Grammar also called STRUCTURE
• Grammar is the study of how words and their
component parts combine to form sentences, or The
study of structural relationships in language or in a
language, sometimes including pronunciation,
meaning, and linguistic history.
4. TENSES
There are tenses that we use in learning English.
We have to know about that tenses, because all of
those tenses are the most important thing in
learning 4 skills in English.
5. a set of forms taken by a verb
to indicate the time (and
sometimes also the
continuance or
completeness) of the action
in relation to the time of the
utterance.
Tenses
6. Tenses in English
Nominal
(+) S + is/am/are + Comp/O/N
(-) S + is/am/are + not + Comp/O/N
(?) be + S + Com/N/O + ?
Verbal
(+) S + V1 + Comp/adv
(-) S + Do/Does + not + V1 + Comp/O
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + Comp/O/adv
Nominal
(+) S + was/were + Comp/O/N
(-) S + was/were + not + Comp/O/N
(?) be + S + Com/N/O + ?
Verbal
(+) S + V2 + Comp/adv
(-) S + Did + not + V1 + Comp/O
(?) Did + S + V1 + Comp/O/adv
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
7. Verbal
(+) S + is/am/are + V-ing +Comp/adv
(-) S + to be + not + V-ing + Comp/O
(?) is/am/are + S + V-ing + Comp/adv
Verbal
(+) S + was/were + V-ing +Comp/adv
(-) S + to be + not + V-ing + Comp/O
(?) was/were + S + V-ing + Comp/adv
Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense
8. Nominal
(+) S + have/has + been + Comp/O/N
(-) S + have/has + not + been +
Comp/O/N
(?) Have/has + S + been + Com/N/O ?
Verbal
(+) S + have/has + V3 + Comp/adv
(-) S + have/has + not + V3 + Comp/O
(?) Have/Has + S + V3 +
Comp/O/adv?
Nominal
(+) S + had + been + Comp/O/N
(-) S + had+ not + been + Comp/O/N
(?) Had + S + been + Com/N/O ?
Verbal
(+) S + had + V3 + Comp/adv
(-) S + had + not + V3 + Comp/O
(?) Had + S + V3 + Comp/O/adv?
Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense
9. Verbal
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing +
Comp/O/N
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V-ing
+ Comp/O/N
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing +
Comp/N/O ?
Verbal
(+) S + had + been + V-ing +
Comp/O/N
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing +
Comp/O/N
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing +
Comp/N/O ?
Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous
Tense
10. Nominal
(+) S + will + be + Comp/O/N
(-) S + will + not + be + Comp/O/N
(?) Will + S + be + Com/N/O ?
Verbal
(+) S + will + V1 + Comp/adv
(-) S + will + not + V1 + Comp/O
(?) Will + S + V1 + Comp/O/adv?
Nominal
(+) S + would + be + Comp/O/N
(-) S + would + not + be + Comp/O/N
(?) Would + S + be + Com/N/O ?
Verbal
(+) S + would + V1 + Comp/adv
(-) S + would + not + V1 + Comp/O
(?) Would + S + V1 + Comp/O/adv?
Present Future Tense Past Future Tense
11. Verbal
(+) S + will + be + V-ing + Comp/adv
(-) S + will + not + be+ Ving +
Comp/O
(?) Will + S + be + V-ing +
Comp/O/adv?
Verbal
(+) S + would + be + V-ing +
Comp/adv
(-) S + would + not + be+ Ving +
Comp/O
(?) Would + S + be + V-ing +
Comp/O/adv?
Future Continuous Tense
Past Future Continuous
Tense
12. Nominal
(+) S + will + have + been + Comp/O/N
(-) S + will + not + have + been +
Comp/O/N
(?) Will + S + have + been + Com/N/O ?
Verbal
(+) S + will + have + V3 + Comp/adv
(-) S + will + not + have + V3 + Comp/O
(?) Will + S + have + V3 + Comp/O/adv?
Nominal
(+) S + would + have + been + Comp/O/N
(-) S + would + not + have + been +
Comp/O/N
(?) Would + S + have + been + Com/N/O ?
Verbal
(+) S + would + have + V3 + Comp/adv
(-) S + would + not + have + V3 + Comp/O
(?) Would + S + have + V3 + Comp/O/adv?
Future Perfect Tense Past Future Perfect Tense
13. Verbal
(+) S + will + have + been + V-ing +
Comp/adv
(-) S + will + not + have + been + V-ing +
Comp/O
(?) Will + S + have + been + V-ing +
Comp/O/adv?
Verbal
(+) S + would + have + been + V-ing +
Comp/adv
(-) S + would + not + have + been + V-ing +
Comp/O
(?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing +
Comp/O/adv?
Future Perfect Continuous
Tense
Past Future Perfect
Continuous Tense
