1. Chapter 9
Abbreviations
Cynthia Gaughan

2. H2o- Water
• A water molecule is
made up of two
hydrogen atoms
and one oxygen
atom

3. Water is the most important inorganic biological
molecule.
It is essential for life.
Water is the most universal solvent.
It has a high specific heat.
It is made up of polar molecules that can conduct
electricity.

4. RP- Retrograde
Pyelogram
• A type of x-ray used for diagnostic
purposes. Dye is inserted through the
urethra to outline the urinary bladder,
ureters, and renal pelvis
• Usually done in conjunction with
cystoscopy
• Used to determine the presence of
stones, tumors, and other obstructions.

5. Retrograde
pyeolgram

6. UC- Urine Culture
• Lab test of urine for
bacterial infection
(urinary tract
infection).
• Bacteria is grown
on a culture
medium so that it
can be identified.
• Antibiotic treatment
is then determined.

7. UTI- Urinary Tract
Infection
• Infection of any organ of the urinary
system
• Often caused by bacterial infection such
as E. coli
• More common in women due to a
shorter urethra

8. Prevention of UTI’s
• Drink plenty of fluids- cranberry juice is
recommended
• Wipe from front to back
• Avoid wearing tight jeans and other
clothing that constricts the urogenital
area

9. cath-Catheterization
• Insertion of a
flexible tube
through the urethra
into the urinary
bladder to remove
urine or add dye

10. Reasons for
Catheterization
• To withdraw sterile urinary specimens
for lab analysis
• When precise monitoring of urine
output is required
• When a patient has difficulty urinating
• For diagnostic procedures, dye is
inserted