1. COLEGIO BILINGUE RICHMOD<br />Carlos Arturo Orjuela Torres<br />Socials<br />Mr. Diego Villamizar<br />Grade 7c<br />Bogotá, March 18 - 2010<br />¿what is cartography?<br />The cartography is define as the art to make maps or how the technique of represent and make on a plane all the components of the terrestral space, including the activities and developments of the man, also it can define as the technique of represent in conventional form part or all the plane surface, using for this a sistem of proyection and one relatin of proportionality (scale) between ground and the map.<br />Earth measurments <br />The Earth is one esphere almost perfect, with its culminant point inthe north pole and protuberant in the Routh pole it measurment are:<br />· Diameter of Ecuator 12,756 Km<br />· Diameter between poles 12,714 Km<br />· Circunference of the Ecuador 40,076 Km<br />· Circunference of the poles 40,008 Km<br />The total area of the surface of the earth is 316,718,899 Km. Approximately the 71% of this area or 224,503,488 km. Are covered by water.<br />Meridians of longitud<br />The merideans of longitud are imaginarie lines that run from north polo to Routh pole. In a ballon the merideans are marked in intervalos of 15 degrees, starting, in the greenwich meridean in England or also know as primary meridean.<br />The numeration is founded both west like east, now that is numbered on both sides so that when we travel west we can indicate were we are because we are degree of longitude. The sam happens if we travel to the east, we can indicate where we are and what grade of longitud we are we have 180 grades of west to east and equally, 180 grades to east to weast from the meridean of green which.<br />Latitud parallels<br />Paralleles of latitud are imaginary lines that runa round the parallel cero and have the same distance from both poles . the ecuador line divide the earth in hemisfery north and south. In a balloon the paralleles marks between ten and fiveteen degrees between them starting in the parallel of latitud cero in the ecuador and ends in 90 like in north pole like in the south pole.<br />¿what is scale?<br />The relationship between distances measured in a plan or map and the corresponding scale is called reality. Therefore, the scale is a linear proportion between two quantities, by whatever length units used.<br />In relation with th escale we can ditinguish two basic topes in the map:<br />Maps in big scale: until 1:100.000, representan with ditails of real live, to represent in a cartogrphic surface relatively bigger a small area from the land surface. <br />Maps in a small scale: bigger than 1:100.000, represent bigs areas of the eath in cartographic surface very small.<br />CONTINENTS<br />A continente is a big extention of land that differs to smallers or sumerged by geographic concepts and culturalslike oceans and etnografy<br />