1. Jamie Klein FINAL VERSION—READY TO EDIT
Process Brief
Revision 3
April 12, 2010
Sorghum Downy Mildew
Small white downy splotches or light and dark streaks of green on sorghum leaves are
disconcerting to farmers and scientists because they point to sorghum downy mildew, an
infectious disease that reduces the amount of grain produced by a field of sorghum.
Growing sorghum that resists downy mildew is a goal the International Sorghum and
Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (INTSORMIL) hopes to achieve through its
worldwide research efforts.
Sorghum is internationally grown, and according to INTSORMIL reports, is an African
dietary staple.
Farmers in Africa grow sorghum to feed their families and livestock, so downy mildew’s
ability to reduce the crop’s yield is a major concern, said Gary Odvody, an associate professor
with Texas A&M Research and Extension Center who also works with INTSORMIL.
The fungus is borne in soil and, if sorghum plants aren’t around to be infected, remains in
the ground between farming seasons, Odvody said. When a susceptible sorghum plant is nearby,
spores from the fungus infect sorghum plant roots and grow with the plant.
Sorghum sprouts out of the ground about a week after it is planted, he added.
Symptoms of downy mildew, including multi-colored leaves with fuzzy white spots
underneath, are noticeable three or four weeks after the sorghum is planted, Odvody said.
“We look at it as a mosaic pattern of light-colored cells and green cells of the host,” he
said.

2. The leaves may also have alternating parallel stripes of green and yellowish-green to
white tissue; and leaves with the lighter stripes eventually die, according to a University of
Nebraska-Lincoln Department of Plant Pathology Web site.
Infected plants probably die without producing any grain, Odvody added.
INTSORMIL sorghum breeders are growing sorghum from various genetic backgrounds
and testing them for downy-mildew resistance, Odvody said. If sorghum breeders can identify
which types of sorghum are resistant then it’s possible to create resistant hybrids for farmers to
use around the world.
And for that reason, Odvody said sorghum downy mildew is an “internationally
important disease.”
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