1. 1.2 : CONCEPT OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
•The circulatory system in human and animals consist of
blood, blood vessels and heart.
•Blood is the medium of transport which flow in the
circulatory system.
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2. Human blood is made up of 55% plasma and
45% blood cells.
There are 3 types of blood cells:
◦ Erythrocytes
◦ Leucocytes
◦ Platelets
Separation of blood cells and plasma can be
done in the centrifuge machine.
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3. Human Blood
55% plasma
90% water
10% dissolved
substances
45% blood
cells
Erythrocytes
Leucocytes
Platelets
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4. Characteristic:
◦ Biconcave disc-shaped. Why? (increase the TSA/V ratio, to
facilitate gases exchange)
◦ No nucleus for matured erythrocyte.
◦ Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen.
◦ Haemoglobin combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.
◦ Also can bind with carbon with carbon dioxide to form
carbaminohaemoglobin.
◦ Erytrocyte are produced in bone marrow and destroyed in the
spleen and liver after 120 days.
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6. Characteristics:
◦ Has nucleus and no fixed shape.
◦ Has lesser quantity than erythrocytes.
◦ Function is to protect body from disease.
◦ 2 types of leucocytes:
Granulocyte
Agranulocyte
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7. Leucocytes
Phagocytosis
of bacteria
Control allergic
responses
Secrete heparin
to prevent
blood clotting
Large nucleus
and produce
antibodies
Phagocytosis
of bacteria
• Have granules in
cytoplasm.
• Have lobed
nucleus.
• Formed in red bone
marrow
• Have no granules
in cytoplasm
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8. Fragment of larger cells in the bone marrow.
Important in blood clotting.
They have no nucleus.
Survive for 10 days before being removed by
the liver and spleen
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9. Pale yellowish liquid consisting of 90% water
and 10% dissolved substances.
Blood plasma without plasma protein such as
fibrinogen called blood serum.
10% dissolved substances
Digested
nutrients
Minerals
Dissolved
gases
Plasma
protein
Excretory
waste
Hormones
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