1. 1. Technology: radio
The purpose of use it in education: world
space radio improves the quality of teaching and learning at
distance in primary schools in Kenya. A semi-structured
interview was used to collect data from head teachers and
classroom teachers.
Location of study: Kenya schools.
Study created by: Dr. Florence Odera, Maseno University
Website address: http://pcf4.dec.uwi.edu/viewpaper.php?id=288&print=1
2. What are the teachers should do to
achieve the purpose (task):
•Have a class time table indicating radio programmers
•Appoint one student to be in charge of collecting the radio set from the store / office
•remind the students about the coming programmers by writing the programmers title
on the chalkboard in advance
•Prepare for the programmers and to improve materials where necessary.
•Take part in the listening exercise with students.
3. Standards for using Radio:
•There are working radios in the school
•There is a school radio time table
•Every teacher whose subjects are covered by radio has a class timetable indicating
programmers.
•There is a school time table showing all the radio program
•All the teachers guide notes are available and given to the teachers concerned

2. •Teachers schemes of wok include radio program
•Teachers incorporate radio program in their lesson preparation
•The necessary assistance and supervisory work are provided
•A teacher has been appointed to be in charge of all media materials and broadcasts
program in the school.
4. Evaluation of technology:
Sample
The sample consisted of 30 head teachers and 180 Primary school teachers using World
Space Radio, drawn from Rural, Urban and suburban areas.
Item Yes No Not applicable
effectiveness
1.All radios devises are working
2. Dose the cost is appropriate?
3. Dose they provide enough recourses?
4. Dose school radio time table appropriate for target?
5.Dose every teacher whose subjects are covered by
radio has a class timetable indicating programs
6.There is a school time table showing all the radio
program
7.Teachers schemes of wok include radio program
efficiency
8.Teachers incorporate radio program in their lesson
preparation
9. Dose audience has physical skills for using radio?
10.The necessary assistance and supervisory work are
provided
11.A teacher has been appointed to be in charge of all
media materials and broadcasts program in the school
satisfaction

3. 12. Dose the class time table is indicating radio
programs
13. Dose radio program provide enough information?
14. Dose the radio information correct?
15.Dose teacher remind the students about the coming
programs by writing the programs title
RELIABILITY
/VARIABLES=Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14
/SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL
/MODEL=ALPHA

4. /STATISTICS=DESCRIPTIVE SCALE CORR COV
/SUMMARY=TOTAL MEANS.
Reliability
Notes
Output Created
Comments
Input Data
Active Dataset DataSet1
<none>
Filter
<none>
Weight
<none>
Split File
N of Rows in Working Data 20
File
Matrix Input
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing MISSING=EXCLUDE...
Cases Used Statistics are based
Syntax RELIABILITY
/VARIABLES=Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6
Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14
/SCALE('ALL VARIABLES') ALL
/MODEL=ALPHA
/STATISTICS=DESCRIPTIVE SCALE
CORR COV
/SUMMARY=TOTAL MEANS.
Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.015
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.017
[

5. Warnings
Each variables has zero variance is removed Students have access to more information
and learning resources
AllVarScale
Case Processing Summary
%
N
Cases Valid 20 100.0
Excludeda 0 .0
Total 20 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables
Reliability Statistics
Cronbachs
Alpha Based on
Cronbachs Standardized
N of Items
Alpha a
Items
-.143- .029 13
a. The value is negative due to average
covariance

6. Item Statistics
N
Mean Std. Deviation
radio make learning 4.1500 .36635 20
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give 4.2000 .41039 20
more effective explanations.
20
radio help to improve 4.6500 .48936
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
20
radio' information is easy to 4.4500 .51042
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
20
radio facilitate cohesive and 4.2500 .44426
participative whole-class
learning.
20
radio offer a focus for 4.3500 .48936
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
20
radio is an enjoyable and 4.3000 .47016
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
20
radio encourages students 4.4500 .51042
to pay more attention.
20
radio saves time and 4.4000 .50262
enables lessons to move
quickly.
20
radio embeds ‘learning 4.3500 .93330
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
20
radio make learning easier 4.5500 .51042
and faster.
20
Technical difficulties are 4.4500 .60481
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW 4.7000 .57124 20
reduces its value.

7. Inter Item Correlation Matrix
radio'
radio help to
information is
improve learning
easy to see, and
radio make radio help outcomes and
teachers’
learning teachers to give increase
handwriting is
enjoyable and more effective learners’
easy to Read
interesting. explanations. motivation.
radio make learning 1.000 -.210- -.279- -.099-
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give -.210- 1.000 .105 .302
more effective explanations.
.242
radio help to improve -.279- .105 1.000
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
1.000
radio' information is easy to -.099- .302 .242
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
-.058-
radio facilitate cohesive and .081 .000 -.303-
participative whole-class
learning.
.390
radio offer a focus for -.015- .157 .099
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
.066
radio is an enjoyable and -.275- .218 -.206-
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
.192
radio encourages students -.380- .050 -.179-
to pay more attention.
.082
radio saves time and -.343- .102 .599
enables lessons to move
quickly.
-.348-
radio embeds ‘learning .146 .082 .167
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
.212
radio make learning easier .099 -.050- -.032-
and faster.
.332
Technical difficulties are .154 .042 -.151-
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW -.025- .269 .169 .126
reduces its value.

8. Inter Item Correlation Matrix
radio offer a radio is an
radio facilitate focus for enjoyable and
radio
cohesive and teacher-student effective means
encourages
participative and student- of presenting
students to pay
whole-class student and discussing
more attention.
learning. interactions. persona work.
radio make learning .081 -.015- -.275- -.380-
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give .000 .157 .218 .050
more effective explanations.
-.179-
radio help to improve -.303- .099 -.206-
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
.192
radio' information is easy to -.058- .390 .066
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
.174
radio facilitate cohesive and 1.000 -.182- -.126-
participative whole-class
learning.
-.032-
radio offer a focus for -.182- 1.000 .206
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
-.154-
radio is an enjoyable and -.126- .206 1.000
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
1.000
radio encourages students .174 -.032- -.154-
to pay more attention.
-.328-
radio saves time and -.236- .471 .134
enables lessons to move
quickly.
-.569-
radio embeds ‘learning .286 -.282- -.012-
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
.010
radio make learning easier .058 .032 -.066-
and faster.
.162
Technical difficulties are .147 .151 -.130-
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW -.311- .207 -.431- .307
reduces its value.

9. Inter Item Correlation Matrix
radio saves time radio embeds
radio make
and enables ‘learning about
learning easier
lessons to move IT’ across the
and faster.
quickly. curriculum.
radio make learning -.343- .146 .099
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give .102 .082 -.050-
more effective explanations.
-.032-
radio help to improve .599 .167
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
.212
radio' information is easy to .082 -.348-
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
.058
radio facilitate cohesive and -.236- .286
participative whole-class
learning.
.032
radio offer a focus for .471 -.282-
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
-.066-
radio is an enjoyable and .134 -.012-
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
.010
radio encourages students -.328- -.569-
to pay more attention.
-.082-
radio saves time and 1.000 .135
enables lessons to move
quickly.
-.315-
radio embeds ‘learning .135 1.000
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
1.000
radio make learning easier -.082- -.315-
and faster.
.179
Technical difficulties are -.104- -.294-
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW -.110- -.385- -.126-
reduces its value.

10. Inter Item Correlation Matrix
Inexperienced
use of the IW
Technical
reduces its
difficulties are
value.
uncommon.
radio make learning .154 -.025-
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give .042 .269
more effective explanations.
.169
radio help to improve -.151-
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
.126
radio' information is easy to .332
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
-.311-
radio facilitate cohesive and .147
participative whole-class
learning.
.207
radio offer a focus for .151
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
-.431-
radio is an enjoyable and -.130-
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
.307
radio encourages students .162
to pay more attention.
-.110-
radio saves time and -.104-
enables lessons to move
quickly.
-.385-
radio embeds ‘learning -.294-
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
-.126-
radio make learning easier .179
and faster.
.259
Technical difficulties are 1.000
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW .259 1.000
reduces its value.

12. Inter Item Covariance Matrix
radio'
radio help to
information is
improve learning
easy to see, and
radio make radio help outcomes and
teachers’
learning teachers to give increase
handwriting is
enjoyable and more effective learners’
easy to Read
interesting. explanations. motivation.
radio make learning .134 -.032- -.050- -.018-
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give -.032- .168 .021 .063
more effective explanations.
.061
radio help to improve -.050- .021 .239
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
.261
radio' information is easy to -.018- .063 .061
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
-.013-
radio facilitate cohesive and .013 .000 -.066-
participative whole-class
learning.
.097
radio offer a focus for -.003- .032 .024
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
.016
radio is an enjoyable and -.047- .042 -.047-
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
.050
radio encourages students -.071- .011 -.045-
to pay more attention.
.021
radio saves time and -.063- .021 .147
enables lessons to move
quickly.
-.166-
radio embeds ‘learning .050 .032 .076
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
.055
radio make learning easier .018 -.011- -.008-
and faster.
.103
Technical difficulties are .034 .011 -.045-
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW -.005- .063 .047 .037
reduces its value.

13. Inter Item Covariance Matrix
radio offer a radio is an
radio facilitate focus for enjoyable and
radio
cohesive and teacher-student effective means
encourages
participative and student- of presenting
students to pay
whole-class student and discussing
more attention.
learning. interactions. persona work.
radio make learning .013 -.003- -.047- -.071-
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give .000 .032 .042 .011
more effective explanations.
-.045-
radio help to improve -.066- .024 -.047-
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
.050
radio' information is easy to -.013- .097 .016
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
.039
radio facilitate cohesive and .197 -.039- -.026-
participative whole-class
learning.
-.008-
radio offer a focus for -.039- .239 .047
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
-.037-
radio is an enjoyable and -.026- .047 .221
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
.261
radio encourages students .039 -.008- -.037-
to pay more attention.
-.084-
radio saves time and -.053- .116 .032
enables lessons to move
quickly.
-.271-
radio embeds ‘learning .118 -.129- -.005-
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
.003
radio make learning easier .013 .008 -.016-
and faster.
.050
Technical difficulties are .039 .045 -.037-
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW -.079- .058 -.116- .089
reduces its value.

14. Inter Item Covariance Matrix
radio saves time radio embeds
radio make
and enables ‘learning about
learning easier
lessons to move IT’ across the
and faster.
quickly. curriculum.
radio make learning -.063- .050 .018
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give .021 .032 -.011-
more effective explanations.
-.008-
radio help to improve .147 .076
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
.055
radio' information is easy to .021 -.166-
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
.013
radio facilitate cohesive and -.053- .118
participative whole-class
learning.
.008
radio offer a focus for .116 -.129-
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
-.016-
radio is an enjoyable and .032 -.005-
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
.003
radio encourages students -.084- -.271-
to pay more attention.
-.021-
radio saves time and .253 .063
enables lessons to move
quickly.
-.150-
radio embeds ‘learning .063 .871
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
.261
radio make learning easier -.021- -.150-
and faster.
.055
Technical difficulties are -.032- -.166-
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW -.032- -.205- -.037-
reduces its value.

15. Inter Item Covariance Matrix
Inexperienced
use of the IW
Technical
reduces its
difficulties are
value.
uncommon.
radio make learning .034 -.005-
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give .011 .063
more effective explanations.
.047
radio help to improve -.045-
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
.037
radio' information is easy to .103
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
-.079-
radio facilitate cohesive and .039
participative whole-class
learning.
.058
radio offer a focus for .045
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
-.116-
radio is an enjoyable and -.037-
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
.089
radio encourages students .050
to pay more attention.
-.032-
radio saves time and -.032-
enables lessons to move
quickly.
-.205-
radio embeds ‘learning -.166-
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
-.037-
radio make learning easier .055
and faster.
.089
Technical difficulties are .366
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW .089 .326
reduces its value.

16. Summary Item Statistics
Maximum /
N of Items
Mean Minimum Maximum Range Minimum Variance
Item Means 4.404 4.150 4.700 .550 1.133 .027 13

17. Item Total Statistics
Correlated Item-
Scale Mean if Scale Variance
Total Correlation
Item Deleted if Item Deleted
radio make learning 53.1000 3.568 -.251-
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give 53.0500 2.682 .376
more effective explanations.
.139
radio help to improve 52.6000 2.884
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
.379
radio' information is easy to 52.8000 2.484
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
-.066-
radio facilitate cohesive and 53.0000 3.263
participative whole-class
learning.
.312
radio offer a focus for 52.9000 2.621
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
-.221-
radio is an enjoyable and 52.9500 3.524
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
-.281-
radio encourages students 52.8000 3.642
to pay more attention.
.136
radio saves time and 52.8500 2.871
enables lessons to move
quickly.
-.404-
radio embeds ‘learning 52.9000 3.989
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
-.097-
radio make learning easier 52.7000 3.274
and faster.
.148
Technical difficulties are 52.8000 2.695
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW 52.5500 3.208 -.087-
reduces its value.

18. Item Total Statistics
Cronbachs
Squared
Alpha if Item
Multiple
Deleted
Correlation
radio make learning .630 -.029-a
enjoyable and interesting.
radio help teachers to give .528 -.385-a
more effective explanations.
-.255-a
radio help to improve .713
learning outcomes and
increase learners’
motivation.
-.462-a
radio' information is easy to .599
see, and teachers’
handwriting is easy to Read
-.113-a
radio facilitate cohesive and .524
participative whole-class
learning.
-.390-a
radio offer a focus for .675
teacher-student and student-
student interactions.
-.016-a
radio is an enjoyable and .681
effective means of
presenting and discussing
persona work.
.032
radio encourages students .731
to pay more attention.
-.256-a
radio saves time and .804
enables lessons to move
quickly.
.291
radio embeds ‘learning .773
about IT’ across the
curriculum.
-.088-a
radio make learning easier .398
and faster.
-.298-a
Technical difficulties are .373
uncommon.
Inexperienced use of the IW .787 -.089-a
reduces its value.
a. The value is negative due to average covariance

19. Scale Statistics
N of Items
Mean Variance Std. Deviation
57.2500 3.355 1.83174 13