The document summarizes Alexandria Jarvis' graduate studio project at North Carolina State University for the Fall 2011 semester. The project focused on analyzing the emerging culture of sharing and how design facilitates collaborative consumption. Students were tasked with identifying patterns in sharing communities, prioritizing factors that influence sharing norms, and describing design's role in the sharing movement. The document outlines the project objectives, learning goals, and Jarvis' research analyzing who and what is shared, why people share, and how sharing occurs through communication, collaboration, and establishing boundaries.

1. NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY __ COLLEGE OF DESIGN
DEPARTMENT OF GRAPHIC AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN __ FALL 2011
GD502 GRADUATE STUDIO
DESIGN AS CULTURAL ARTIFACT / A CULTURE OF SHARING
PROFESSOR: AMBER HOWARD
STUDENT: ALEXANDRIA JARVIS
YEAR: FALL 2011 __ THIRD SEMESTER/SECOND YEAR

2. 1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES
2. FINAL PRESENTATION
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1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES
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FUTU R E CASTI N G 3. DOCUMENTATION
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1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES
2. FINAL PRESENTATION
THEORIZING 3. DOCUMENTATION
4. REFLECTION
A COLLECTION & OVERVIEW OF WORK DEVELOPED
BY THE 2011 COLLABORATIVE DESIGN TEAMS
OF THE NCSU MASTER OF GRAPHIC DESIGN PROGRAM
IN THE STUDIO // CULTURE OF SHARING
COMPILED AND PRESENTED BY ALEXANDRIA JARVIS
WITH ALL PROJECTS UNDER THE DIRECTION OF AMBER HOWARD

3. 1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES
2. FINAL PRESENTATION
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FUTU R E CASTI N G 3. DOCUMENTATION
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1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES
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OVERVIEW
Students will use various methods to analyze the current and emerging collaborative con-
sumption movement and the ways in which design facilitates and fosters the culture. Anal-
ysis should reveal patterns in the motivations, behaviors, and values of participants. Ad-
ditionally, patterns across designed systems, tools, and artifacts for sharing should become
apparent.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify experiential, behavioral, and subject-related patterns within the Culture of
Sharing;
• Prioritize complex relationships among social, economic, political, and technological
factors that influence current sharing norms, values, and identities;
• Describe the role design plays in the emergence of the Culture of Sharing.

5. 1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES < GUIDE >
2. FINAL PRESENTATION
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QUESTION RELATED TO SHARING
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W H O S HAR ES? Main Categories related to of Sharing Communities
1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES
2. FINAL PRESENTATION Characteristics of Sharing Communities, Behaviors, and Members
FUTU R E CASTI N G 3. DOCUMENTATION
Examples of featured characteristics and categories
4. REFLECTION Givers Receivers
expert . leader . mentor. creator . provider . mediator .co-creator . participant . user . consumer
1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES
THEORIZING
2. FINAL PRESENTATION expert providers mediator co-creator user
3. DOCUMENTATION
Head of Family, Doctors, nurturer, philanthropists, coordinator, facilitators, child, geek, adapter passengers, renter
4. REFLECTION Technicians (x-ray/lab) landlord, acupuncturist, social advocate, gossiper,
chiropractor, professional nurses, papparazzi, open
sports players, bloggers,
protector, social media
source guru, intern, ref-
eree, ambassador
participant consumer
experts, reviewers patients, students, enthusi- leech, audience, attendant,
leader asts, fans, gamer, political customer, buyer
manager, organizer activists
responders
academic researchers con-
mentor ducting studies, host, tutor,
emergency responders,
W H Y D O P E O P L E S H A R E?
coach, teachers, mother/fa-
field workers
ther, educator, counselors
distributors
creator people who spread the
musicians, fashion design-
ers, trainers, bloggers
idea, supplier, pirates,
pharmacists, storytellers, Survival Community Self interest Pleasure
waiters, puppet
sustainability approval identity variety
safety convenience
avoid belonging pride gratification
competition balance
common good monetary gain
network
W H AT D O P E O P L E S H A R E ? power
gain power
social
interaction goodwill approval
entertainment
pooled altruiism gain knowledge
motivation excitement
resources
Experiences Services Products access friendship gain understanding
self expression
camaraderie
intangible experiences assistance digital common freedom
interests
beliefs, emotional, mental, spiritual, personalized assistance, accommo- computerized data, bandwidth, challenge
interests, time, energy dations, rehab treatment, consultant,
advice, hospitality
music, ipod, torrents
H O W D O P E O P L E S H A R E?
physical experiences physical/manmade
skills/refined services
traveling, hobbies, sports events
laundry, surgery, prescription,
books, food, novelties, cars,
clothes, furniture, instruments, Communication Collaboration Boundaries
beauty, leasing, health, international money/currency
cuisine
relational experiences
jargon/language platforms /forums roles
learning, social, events, fashion, natural resources community specific jargon, such as: teaching, training, disciplining, understood or expected boundaries
matches, competitions group related services water, fuel, and other raw materials genre affiliation, id tag, outre, stiffs, transforming, accountability, (for examples of roles see “who
volunteering services, funeral, RPG first shooter, organic, kin, diver- forum discussions shares” section)
church, mass, swapping, co-op sicrat, co-pay
visual representation membership agreements
adornments of the body: hairstyle, pyramid schemers, aquire
bindi, tattoos, henna; things you documented boundaries:
or retain new followers terms of use, contract, lease, tickets
wear: clothing, uniforms, scrubs, (adaptation of ritual,
icons, brands, objects you own: icons, rules, diploma
commitment to ritual,
keychains, bumper stickers ceremony, behave within,
ethical code)
broadcasting/rallying
invitation, debating, inquiring, lobby-
ing, promoting, picketing, protesting,
runway fashion shows, advertise-
ments/ad campaigns

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2. FINAL PRESENTATION
C O NTE XTUALI Z I N G 3. DOCUMENTATION < GUIDE >
4. REFLECTION
1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES TREND TYPE
FUTU R E CASTI N G 2. FINAL PRESENTATION
3. DOCUMENTATION
Trend Description
4. REFLECTION INFLUENCIAL
INFLUENTIAL LEVERAGE POINTS FOR SYSTEM DESIGN
1. OVERVIEW/OBJECTIVES DESIGNS ROLE IN SHAPING THIS TREND
2. FINAL PRESENTATION
THEORIZING 3. DOCUMENTATION
4. REFLECTION
DEMOGRAPHIC E N V I R O N M E N TA L GEOGRAPHIC / ECONOMIC POLITICAL
Increase in women’s equality including Greater “carbon footprint” creating Increased globalization and migration Political parties are increasingly
women gaining access to jobs, unhealthy ecosystems and over- creating issues regarding loss of divisive and polarized, making
autonomy, and empowerment through stressed manmade infrastructures languages, shifting borders, barriers, legislation (especially social welfare
access to information (ie deforestation, climate changes, migrant worker abuse, trade, travel, issues) more difficult to pass.
LEVERAGE POINTS: irrigation, clean water access, fossil fuel social protection, disruption of labor LEVERAGE POINTS:
information flows, critical nodes pollution, road networks, population and a move towards urbanization changing rules of the system, paradigm shift
density, electrical grids) LEVERAGE POINTS:
DESIGNS ROLE: DESIGN’S ROLE:
Creating levels of access to LEVERAGE POINTS: critical nodes, self organizing, amounts/quantities, stocks rela- Address the roles in political parties, Reengineer the infor-
Information, facilitating behaviors of empowerment, defining redesign the structure, stocks relative to flows, feedback loops/ tive to flows mation, Strategize for unification, Interpret how people give
roles, organizing events for rallying or support, conceptualize reduce delays DESIGNS ROLE: meaning to party identification, Envision a central social media
interactive online platforms, create communication channels outlet, forums to express opinions
DESIGN’S ROLE: Design which preserves, Design which archives, Design for
between activists and women, increase visibility of female value
Prototyping self-motivating feedback loops, facilitating “green a group to spur tradition, Design which facilitates fairness,
in the workplace
conscious” behaviors, create levels of access to local products, migration/trade/production processes or experiences ex. shared
define roles in the “eco friendly movement,” visualize relation- technologies, open trade environment, reduced poverty in other
countries
T E C H N O LO GY ships of urban and natural systems, promotion through enviro- SOCIAL
education, systematize platforms for experts and co-creators to
A new demand to access feedback share info An increase in attention on early
LEVERAGE POINTS: POLITICAL childhood education
feedback loops, reduce delays LEVERAGE POINT:
E C O N O M I C / E N V I R O N M E N TA L Increasing emphasis on prevention, Information flows
DESIGNS ROLE: awareness, education, and creating
Develop evaluation system, measure/capture/store data, review Increased interest in high performance, cross disciplinary teams for research DESIGN’S ROLE:
feedback, predetermine functions, prototype new systems, create cost effective, environmentally friendly and medical aid Provide access to early education, Develop various ways to assist
new tools, refine
products education ex. books and toys, Make results of findings clear
LEVERAGE POINTS: through information visualization in order to promote educa-
LEVERAGE POINTS: feedback loops, reduce delays tion.
SOCIAL amounts and quantities, stocks relative to flows
DESIGNS ROLE:
Increase in attention, awareness and DESIGN’S ROLE:
advocacy of Universal Access, causing prototype new eco-friendly products determine avenues of ef- Facilitating awareness/prevention, visualize information for
an increase and variation of programs ficiency developing methods for access facilitate designs through education, restructure organizations to support cross disciplin-
and facilities for the disabled ease of use strategize ways to reduce waste create a language to ary teams (info graphics, database, interface design)
talk “green”
LEVERAGE POINTS:
information flows, critical nodes
DESIGN’S ROLE:
Utilize Principles of Universal Access, Create tools to improve
communication between community members

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Brainstorming/Affinity Diagramming
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+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
SHARING COMMUNITIES: WHO WHAT HOW & WHY PEOPLE SHARE Raw Categorizations/Characteristics from Brainstorm
Examples of Sharing Communities/ Activities
Religion, Music, Comedy, Poetry, Opinions, Space/Land Share, Neighbors, Transportation, Families, Eco-Movement, Vegetarian, Health services, Sports Activities, Clothing, Volunteering, Money, Researchers, Educators, Politics, Restaurants, Traditions
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Who is involved in sharing? What do people share? Why do people share? How do people share? *****(these categories are not that
Givers <- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - EXPERIENCES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pleasure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Self interest - - - - - - - good and might not make sense, just try your best and work
--------------------------------------------- SERVICES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PRODUCTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Community - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - with them)
- - - - - - - > Receivers ----------------------- Survival - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Communication - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
expert // leader // mentor // creator // responder // provider beliefs // interests // events // knowledge // assistance // variety // convenience // gratification // self expression // pride - - - - - - - - Collaboration & Reciprocity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
// distributors // mediator // co-creator // participant // user // skill set // space // personalized service // advice // digital // // network // freedom // belonging // common good // safety // - - - - - - - - - -Establishing Boundaries- - - - - - - - - - -
consumer // customer physical // manmade // natural sustainability // access // balance power jargon/language // visual representation // broadcasting
// influence/commitment // invitation // rallying// incentive //
experts // Head of Family, Doctors, Technicians (x-ray/lab) EXPERIENCES Pleasure // variety, convenience, gratification, entertainment, platforms // accountability // roles // agreements // contracts
leader // manager, organizer beliefs, emotional, mental, spiritual, interests, traveling, excitement
mentor // coacher, teachers, mother/father, educator, hobbies, physical, learning, social, events, fashion, matches, Self Interest // competition, self expression, identity, intrinsic Communication
counselors competitions, church, time, energy motivations, pride, monetary gain, network, anonymity, jargon/language // genre affiliation, id tag, outre, stiffs,
creator // musicians, fashion designers, trainers, bloggers freedom, approval, motivation, gain knowledge, gain RPG first shooter, organic, kin, diversicrat, co-pay
responders // academic researchers conducting studies, SERVICES understanding, challenge visual representation // icons, clothing, brands,
host, tutor, emergency responders, field workers knowledge, church, laundry, dinner, mass, rehab treatment, Community // approval, belonging, common good, social adornments on the body, objects you own, uniforms, scrubs,
providers // nurturer, philanthropists, landlord, acupuncturist, international cuisine, funeral, consultant, surgery, prescription, interaction, goodwill, altruism, friendship, motivation, hairstyle, bindi, tattoos, henna
chiropractor, professional sports players, bloggers, protector, premium services, volunteering services, platform, hospitality, camaraderie, common interests commitment // gaining followers, pyramid schemers,
social media experts, reviewers beauty, leasing, co-op, Survival // sustainability, safety, avoid competition, balance to aquire or retain new followers, adaptation of ritual,
distributors // people who spread the idea, supplier, pirates, assistance, skill set, space, personalized assistance, advice, power, gain power, pooled resource, access commitment to ritual, ceremony, behave within ethical code
pharmacists, storytellers, waiters, puppet accommodations, health, swapping broadcasting // invitation, debating, inquiring, lobbying,
mediator // coordinator, facilitators, social advocate, promoting, picketing, protesting, runway fashion shows,
gossiper, nurses, papparazzi, open source guru, intern, PRODUCTS advertisements/ad campaigns, LAN parties, family parties,
referee, ambassador digital, information, bandwidth, consoles, music, ipod, torrents, adopt a child
co-creator // child, geek, adapter physical, books, food, gifts, novelties, cars, recipes, clothes,
participant // patients, students, enthusiasts, fans, gamer, furniture, manmade, instruments, natural resources, water, Collaboration & Reciprocity
political activists fuel, raw materials, money, incentives, rallying, teaching, training, disciplining,
user // passengers, renter transforming, platforms, forums, accountability, forum
consumer // leech, audience, attendant, customer, buyer discussions
Establishing Boundaries
roles (see “Who shares” section), agreements: degree,
documented agreements, lease, metrocard, tickets, Doctor-
Patient relationship, rules, diploma, terms of use, contract,
rent