1. KIM 4701
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION:
INDOOR AIR PARTICULATES
LECTURER: PUAN MAISARAH BINTI JAAFAR
 MOHAMMAD SYAHIDAN BIN ANUAR UK24819
 AMIERA SYUHADA AISYAH BINTI HISHAMUDDIN UK25781
 WAN AZWIRA BINTI AB GHANI @ WAN AHMAD UK26257
 NURUL SYAZDIANA BINTI MOHD ZUKI UK26258
 NURUL IZZATI NAJWA BINTI ABD AZIZ UK26713

2. INTRODUCTION
NOTED!!!
A grain of sand is about 90 m in diameter
A human hair is about 70 µm in diameter

3. Air pollution not only outdoor but also in indoor.
PARTICULATE:
 Distinct solids suspended in a liquid or gas.
 Formed of very small, separate particles.
 Sizes ranging: up to 100µm.
 Cannot be seen by naked eyes.
 Complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances.
 Example: dust, soot, aerosol, smoke.
INDOOR AIR PARTICULATE:
The particulates that suspended inside a closed area
such as classroom or building.

4. PARTICULATE MATTER (PM)

5. TYPE OF INDOOR AIR
PARTICULATE
PM10 PM2.5
Coarse particulate Fine particulate
Bigger in size Smaller in size
Less than 10 µm in
diameter
Less than 2.5 µm in
diameter
Stay not too long in the air Stay longer in the air
Cause less severe health
effects
Cause worse health effects
Travel shorter distance Travel longer distance

6. FACTORS
 Materials used in the building such as asbestos,
formaldehyde and lead
 New paint-VOCs substances
 Construction activity
 Tobacco smokes
 Windblown dust-pollens, mold
 Cooking activity
 Air conditioner
 Pesticide
 Fireplace

7. PATHWAY

8. CASE STUDY in Cavar, Dhaka District in
Bangladesh
• To investigate the impact of fuel use, kitchen
configurations, and ventilation on indoor air quality.
• Lower PM concentrations were observed when
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was used for cooking.
• PM concentrations varied significantly depending on
the position of kitchen, fuel use and ventilation rates.
• Indoor air pollution depends on fuel type used, time
spent to cook, structural characteristics of houses and
household ventilation practices.
• In Bangladesh there are 2 types of fuel:
 LPG
 Biomass

9. CASE STUDY CONT…
Biomass fuel stoves have a thermal efficiency between
10 and 30% and emit large quantities of pollutants.
The amount of smoke leaking to outdoor depends on:
 Location of kitchen
 Ventilation rate
 Porous nature of the roof and walls of the kitchen
Ventilation rate is the primary role of indoor air
pollution meanwhile fuel choice as secondary roles.
Carbonaceous material was found to be a major
component of PM10 in both kitchen and living room.
*carbonaceous material: coal, methane, biomass, etc.

10. CASE STUDY CONT…

11. CASE STUDY CONT…

12. EFFECTS to health
• Coughing
• Shortness of breath
• Asthma
• Digestive problems
• Itching
• Bronchitis
• Lung cancer
• Damage to the central
nervous system
• Eye, nose, and throat irritation
• Damage to liver, kidney and
brain
• Skin irritation
• Asthma
• Loss of coordination
• Various types of cancer
• Heart disease

13. EFFECTS to health

14. OVERCOMES
Elements of the traditional cook stove were used
in the design of the locally promoted Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) stove.
Policy and market conditions for cook stove
adoption.
Provided a subsidy of 50% or greater to
households that adopted the improved stove.

15. RECOMMENDATION
Prepare better ventilation with
using an exhaust fan at the
kitchen.
Improve the laws by imposed
fines to people who still using
biomass fuel to cook.
Banned smoking activity inside
a building or closed area.
Use vacuum cleaner regularly.

16. CONCLUSION
 Together help our Earth to reduce indoor air
pollution.
 Best structure of kitchen can help to minimise the
indoor air pollution.
 LPG is more friendly compared to biomass gas.
 Make sure that your kitchen has an exhaust fan for
better ventilation.

17. REFERENCES
• Bilkis A. Begum, Samir K. Paul, M. Dildar Hossain, Swapan K. Biswas, Philip K. Hopke,
2009, Indoor air pollution from particulate matter emissions in different households
in rural areas of Bangladesh, Building and Environment.
• Ellen Goldbaum, 1 February 2013, Indoor air pollution puts Chinese women non-
smokers at increased lung cancer risk, University at Buffalo; The State University of
New York, accessed on 11 March 2013:
http://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2013/01/028.html
• Heidi Ormstad, 2000, Suspended particulate matter in indoor air: adjuvants and
allergen carriers, www.elsevier.com:locate:toxicol , Toxicology 152 (2000) 53 – 68.
• H. Fromme, D. Twardella, S. Dietrich, D. Heitmann, R. Schierl, B. Liebl,H.Ruden,
2007, Particulate matter in the indoor air of classrooms—exploratory results from
Munich and surrounding area, www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv , Atmospheric
Environment 41 (2007) 854–866.
• Barbara Nardini, Manuela Granella, Erminio Clonfero, 1994, Mutagens in indoor
air particulate, Institute of Occupational Health, Unicersi~ of Padua, Via
Facciolati 71, 1-35127 Padua, Italy, Mutation Research 322 (1994) 193-202.

18. THANK YOU
Q & A
SESSION