4. *
“The whole is greater than the source of its
parts”.
The basic concepts of economics and
psychology in the social science, are that
things do not just happen, but rather that
they evolve from multiple cause and
multiple effects.
5. *
*A system may be defined as a series
of interrelated and interdependent
parts that affects the whole in an
organization.
8. *As we discuss human behavior in the
organization, we use the psychological-
biological perspective to study human being as
a complete system and also as a sub-system of
the social organization and of society as a
whole.
9. *
*Each individual has a specific role to play
with each of the roles coordinated with a
more integrated pattern.
10. *
*In the office, he is a male accountant, a diligent worker,
a person looked-up to for his good human relations.
When he steps out of the office, his role as an
accountant changes as he becomes a citizen whose role
is that of a husband, a father and an adviser to the
family household. His previous roles do not disappear as
they changes but become less prominent as his activities
involving other changes.
11. *
*Is a position that has been accorded to an
individual in a social system which implies a
collection of rights and duties.
14. *
*Human groupings
*Deliberately constructed and reconstructed to
seek specific goals.
*Is a mechanism or structure that enables living
things to work effectively together.
*It is the process of identifying and grouping the
work to be performed, of defining and
delegating responsibility and authority.
15. *
1st , the organization is always made up of
people.
2nd, the people in the organizations interacts;
that is, the people in the organization are
related to one another in some way.
3rd, the interactions of people are ordered by
some structure that can be described.
4th, the structured interactions are designed to
achieve the personal objectives of the people
interacting.
18. *As a social system the organization contains
people interacting with some more or less
defined pattern of structure. This structured
interaction results in status and role
relationship which affect the behavior of
members of the organization.
19. *
oArise and persist because they perform desired
function for their members;
oone function of informal organization is to
Perpetuate cultural values;
oIt is also provides SOCIAL SATISFACTION;
oit gives man recognition, status and further opportunity
to relate to others. in order to meet wants and to keep
its members informed of what is taking place that may
affect satisfaction of wants.
20. *
*Internal control - is directed towards making members of the
group conform to its culture.
*External control- is directed towards those outside the group
such as management, union leadership, and other informal
groups.
21. *Benefits of Informal Organization
-is they blend with formal systems to make a
workable system for getting work done.
““Informal relations in the organization serve to
preserve the organization from self destruction
that would result from literal obedience to the
formal policies, rules and regulation and
procedures.”
22. *
*The individual in the organization
behaves within the limits ascribed to him
in his job.
23. *
*• Influence the behavior, the morale, and
productivity, and the formal organization as a
whole.
25. He brings with his
objectives,
attitudes,
values, and
motives
26. *When there is MUTUAL COOPERATIVE RELATIONS
between EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYEES, FELLOW
EMPLOYEES in the achievement of these goals,
WORKERS efficiency is improved and productivity
is enhance with minimum of conflict between
management and labor.
27. *
1. The organization does have
responsibilities towards the
individual,
2. But also the individuals bears
responsibilities to the organization.
