This proposal summarizes the production of a sunscreen chemical plant in Malaysia with a cost of 326757 RM. It involves 5 main project cycles: 1) Process selection identified sunscreen as the best candidate after screening 20 ideas. 2) Project initiation identified stakeholders and their needs. The objective is to manufacture 1200 sunscreen packages/day by 27/4/2017. 3) Planning broke work down into work packages assigned to team members. Critical path analysis estimated project duration at 536 days. 4) Execution involved constructing facilities, product testing, and production. 5) Closure involved problem analysis to represent project closure.
Global Forum on Environment dedicated to chemicals management: Christina Raab...OECD Environment
The Global Forum on Environment discussed the challenges posed by chemicals, provided knowledge on effective and sustainable policies for the sound management of chemicals. Together, leading actors in the field of chemicals management promoted effective engagement, collaboration and action on the sound management of chemicals and waste. The speakers included regulators and policy makers in charge of chemical safety in OECD member and partner countries as well as relevant stakeholders from International Governmental Organisations, private industry organisations and companies, civil society, philanthropies and more.
Session 2.2 focused on the concept of safe-by-design which aims to prevent negative impacts on human health and the environment, by considering safety aspects early in the design process of chemicals, materials and products. It also enables the transition towards a circular economy, which requires inherently safer materials that maintain their quality through multiple material cycles, including repair, reuse and recycling.
This document discusses how integrating sustainability into project management practices delivers benefits for businesses. It argues that sustainability is no longer a "touchy-feely" tactic, but is now a critical part of business strategy and success. Companies that embed sustainability goals into every project see increased profits and competitiveness through improved efficiencies, lower costs, and meeting growing social and environmental demands. Case studies of L'Oreal and Fujitsu demonstrate how defining sustainability targets upfront helps ensure strategic alignment of projects and drives results.
Innovation white paper uk our frugfuturegautammorey
India is developing strengths in "frugal innovation" - innovation that minimizes resources to dramatically lower costs while maintaining or improving performance. Factors like "jugaad" culture, a growing middle class market, and gaps in services stimulate frugal innovations in health, education and energy. While India lags in traditional metrics like R&D spending and publications, frugal innovation is an opportunity in both developing and developed countries. The report also finds research strengths in areas like physics and engineering, and maps India's emerging innovation hubs beyond Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore. Overall collaboration remains a challenge due to India's size, rapid changes, and competing engagement from other countries.
1) Paint manufacturers are under pressure to develop new products faster to keep up with market demands and regulations, but product testing requirements limit how quickly they can bring products to market.
2) There are two main types of accelerated testing used - outdoor testing using solar concentrators, and indoor laboratory tests using fluorescent or xenon arc lighting. Both aim to accelerate weathering to predict long-term exterior performance.
3) Advances are being made to improve correlation between accelerated and natural weathering results, including new testing devices, optical filters, and statistical models. However, challenges remain in further shortening testing time while maintaining accuracy.
The document discusses challenges with new product development and how lean principles can help address them. It provides examples of product development failures from Samsung, Coca-Cola, and Titanic due to issues like poor planning, lack of risk assessment, and not considering safety. Tesla is shown as successfully applying lean with different models at various volumes and prices. Key lean concepts discussed include simultaneous engineering, chief engineers, and visual management boards (Oobeya). Goodyear Tire is highlighted as improving on-time delivery from 27% to 90% and cycle time from 100 to 30 days by applying lean through matrix organization and other methods.
Accelerating Medical Device Product Development - SME Conference - MAY2015Aaron Joseph
This document outlines an event hosted by SME, Silicon Valley Chapter 98 on May 21, 2015 about accelerating medical device product development using lean principles and regulatory compliance. The event featured presentations from three speakers with experience in medical device product development, regulatory strategy, and new product development. The agenda included topics such as myth-busting regulatory perspectives, knowledge-driven product development, identifying knowledge gaps, reconciling lean with regulations, lean product development for medical devices, knowledge capture and management, and real-life examples. Resources for lean product development included recommended books, websites, and the Toyota A3 technique for problem solving. The Wright brothers' approach to conquering flight was presented as a famous example of knowledge-driven product development,
This document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as minimizing waste and pollution through product and process design. The goals are sustainability and conserving resources for future generations. Benefits include cost savings, reputation, and promoting research. Green manufacturing processes include waste reduction, recycling, and investing in production improvements. It provides examples of companies implementing green manufacturing strategies like JIT and zero emissions.
This document is a resume for Haitham Mohamed Abdel Aziz Fahmi. It summarizes his education, certifications, work experience, skills, and personal information. He has a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from Alexandria University and over 15 years of experience in IT services and project management, currently working as a Service Level Manager for Orange Business Services in Egypt. He has various technical and ITIL certifications and has worked on projects in the US, France, and Egypt.
Global Forum on Environment dedicated to chemicals management: Christina Raab...OECD Environment
The Global Forum on Environment discussed the challenges posed by chemicals, provided knowledge on effective and sustainable policies for the sound management of chemicals. Together, leading actors in the field of chemicals management promoted effective engagement, collaboration and action on the sound management of chemicals and waste. The speakers included regulators and policy makers in charge of chemical safety in OECD member and partner countries as well as relevant stakeholders from International Governmental Organisations, private industry organisations and companies, civil society, philanthropies and more.
Session 2.2 focused on the concept of safe-by-design which aims to prevent negative impacts on human health and the environment, by considering safety aspects early in the design process of chemicals, materials and products. It also enables the transition towards a circular economy, which requires inherently safer materials that maintain their quality through multiple material cycles, including repair, reuse and recycling.
This document discusses how integrating sustainability into project management practices delivers benefits for businesses. It argues that sustainability is no longer a "touchy-feely" tactic, but is now a critical part of business strategy and success. Companies that embed sustainability goals into every project see increased profits and competitiveness through improved efficiencies, lower costs, and meeting growing social and environmental demands. Case studies of L'Oreal and Fujitsu demonstrate how defining sustainability targets upfront helps ensure strategic alignment of projects and drives results.
Innovation white paper uk our frugfuturegautammorey
India is developing strengths in "frugal innovation" - innovation that minimizes resources to dramatically lower costs while maintaining or improving performance. Factors like "jugaad" culture, a growing middle class market, and gaps in services stimulate frugal innovations in health, education and energy. While India lags in traditional metrics like R&D spending and publications, frugal innovation is an opportunity in both developing and developed countries. The report also finds research strengths in areas like physics and engineering, and maps India's emerging innovation hubs beyond Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore. Overall collaboration remains a challenge due to India's size, rapid changes, and competing engagement from other countries.
1) Paint manufacturers are under pressure to develop new products faster to keep up with market demands and regulations, but product testing requirements limit how quickly they can bring products to market.
2) There are two main types of accelerated testing used - outdoor testing using solar concentrators, and indoor laboratory tests using fluorescent or xenon arc lighting. Both aim to accelerate weathering to predict long-term exterior performance.
3) Advances are being made to improve correlation between accelerated and natural weathering results, including new testing devices, optical filters, and statistical models. However, challenges remain in further shortening testing time while maintaining accuracy.
The document discusses challenges with new product development and how lean principles can help address them. It provides examples of product development failures from Samsung, Coca-Cola, and Titanic due to issues like poor planning, lack of risk assessment, and not considering safety. Tesla is shown as successfully applying lean with different models at various volumes and prices. Key lean concepts discussed include simultaneous engineering, chief engineers, and visual management boards (Oobeya). Goodyear Tire is highlighted as improving on-time delivery from 27% to 90% and cycle time from 100 to 30 days by applying lean through matrix organization and other methods.
Accelerating Medical Device Product Development - SME Conference - MAY2015Aaron Joseph
This document outlines an event hosted by SME, Silicon Valley Chapter 98 on May 21, 2015 about accelerating medical device product development using lean principles and regulatory compliance. The event featured presentations from three speakers with experience in medical device product development, regulatory strategy, and new product development. The agenda included topics such as myth-busting regulatory perspectives, knowledge-driven product development, identifying knowledge gaps, reconciling lean with regulations, lean product development for medical devices, knowledge capture and management, and real-life examples. Resources for lean product development included recommended books, websites, and the Toyota A3 technique for problem solving. The Wright brothers' approach to conquering flight was presented as a famous example of knowledge-driven product development,
This document discusses green manufacturing. It defines green manufacturing as minimizing waste and pollution through product and process design. The goals are sustainability and conserving resources for future generations. Benefits include cost savings, reputation, and promoting research. Green manufacturing processes include waste reduction, recycling, and investing in production improvements. It provides examples of companies implementing green manufacturing strategies like JIT and zero emissions.
This document is a resume for Haitham Mohamed Abdel Aziz Fahmi. It summarizes his education, certifications, work experience, skills, and personal information. He has a Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from Alexandria University and over 15 years of experience in IT services and project management, currently working as a Service Level Manager for Orange Business Services in Egypt. He has various technical and ITIL certifications and has worked on projects in the US, France, and Egypt.
El documento habla sobre diferentes tipos de humedales como estuarios, lacustres, palustres y ribereños. También menciona algunas especies de animales en peligro de extinción como el boa constrictor, el jabalí, el venado cola blanca, la nutria de río, el jaguar y el puma. Además, define el concepto biológico de especie como los miembros de poblaciones que se reproducen o pueden reproducirse entre sí en la naturaleza.
Rohit's curriculum vitae provides personal and professional details over 3 pages. It includes his residential address in Delhi, date of birth, education history with a BCA from IGNOU and BCom from Delhi University. His work experience includes roles at Hansa Research, NEO Research Consulting, and Star India focused on marketing, market research, and relationship management. Additional skills listed are computer proficiency in Microsoft Office and languages, along with interests in travel, photography and graphic design.
Vaikundarajan Reviews Vijay’s Upcoming Film TheirVaikundarajan S
Directed by Atlee, Theri is an upcoming action film starring Vijay, Samantha and Amy Jackson. In supporting roles are Prabhu and Raadhika Sarathkumar, with music composed by G.V. Prakash Kumar. The film will grace the big screens on 14th Jan, 2016, says Vaikundarajan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang toleransi dalam pembuatan benda kerja. Toleransi merupakan penyimpangan ukuran yang diizinkan dalam produksi massal agar benda kerja dapat diproduksi di tempat yang berbeda namun masih dapat memenuhi fungsinya. Dokumen ini menjelaskan istilah-istilah toleransi, jenis toleransi, penyajian toleransi pada gambar kerja, serta contoh-contoh penerapannya."
El documento habla sobre diferentes tipos de humedales como estuarios, lacustres, palustres y ribereños. También menciona algunas especies de animales en peligro de extinción como el boa constrictor, el jabalí, el venado cola blanca, la nutria de río, el jaguar y el puma. Además, define el concepto biológico de especie como los miembros de poblaciones que se reproducen o pueden reproducirse entre sí en la naturaleza.
This corporate presentation by Western Areas provides the following information:
1) Western Areas is a high-quality, low-cost nickel producer with mining operations in Western Australia and exploration assets in South Australia.
2) In the first three quarters of FY2016, Western Areas met production guidance and achieved a unit cash cost of $2.27/lb of nickel, tracking better than full-year guidance.
3) Western Areas has an organic growth profile through reserve and resource expansion at existing mines, the potential development of the Cosmos Nickel Complex, and exploration in underexplored regions with geological similarities to other major deposits.
This corporate presentation by Western Areas provides an overview of the company and its operations. It discloses that Western Areas is a high-quality nickel producer with organic growth options from its existing resource base in Western Australia. The presentation highlights Western Areas' track record of consistently meeting or exceeding guidance, maintaining a strong balance sheet, and focus on safe and efficient operations to manage through the commodity price cycle.
This document describes the closed loop control system used for boiler drum level control. It uses a three element control approach with drum level, feedwater flow, and main steam flow as process variables. During startup, a single 30% capacity feedwater control valve (FCV-101) is used to maintain drum level setpoint. At 30% load, control switches to two 100% capacity main feedwater valves (FCV-102) controlled via a three element algorithm. Drum level is measured by three level transmitters and averaged for input to the level controller (LIC-101). The controller output is summed with steam flow and used to set the remote setpoint for FIC-101, which controls FCV-102 position
Cuốn sách hướng dẫn bạn từ khâu lên ý tưởng, chuẩn bị, thực hiện và đánh giá kết quả công việc tổ chức sự kiện
Nguồn: kinhnghiemtochucsukien.blogspot.com
The document discusses different types of pipes used for water supply, including their materials, sizes, joining methods, advantages and disadvantages. It covers galvanized iron pipes, PVC/plastic pipes, steel pipes, cast iron pipes, PPR pipes. For each type, the document provides details on installation, fittings available, and joining methods like screwed joints, welded joints, etc. It includes diagrams to illustrate pipe connections and joining.
Rising Redogen: Bold & Feasible Solutions for BusinessTanzeemReza
Redogen is a company that has made its way in Bangladesh as a producer of Shower Gel.
But the problems are ,
1. available distribution system is not helping them out.
2. The HR department & Logistics are also in trouble.
3.They also need to expand their business. They are confused between buying new land or importing raw materials.
To take them out of these problems we have designed some strategies.
BKAM3063 OPERATION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENTSECOND SEMESTChantellPantoja184
BKAM3063 OPERATION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SECOND SEMESTER 2019/2020 SESSION
(A192)
COURSE CODE & NAME : BKAM3063 OPERATION AND PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
LECTURER’S NAME : DR. MUHAMMAD ROSNI BIN AMIR HUSSIN
LECTURE GROUP : A
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. This assesment paper contains ONE (1) question in ONE (1) printed page excluding the cover page.
2. A related article has been distributed a week prior to this assessment.
3. The assessment answer period is 26 hours.
4. The assessment date is 29 June 2020 (Monday), 0830am until 30 June 2020 (Tuesday), 1030am.
5. Answer ALL questions in handwriting.
6. Please make sure you include your personal information such as NAME and MATRIC NO in each of your answer page(s).
RULES OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY ARE ADHERED IN THIS ASSESSMENT
ALL THE BEST
QUESTION 1 (40 MARKS: 26 HOURS)
Referring to the article titled “Industry 4.0 and its impact on the functioning of supply chain” by Szozda (2017):
(a)Explain the supply chain revolution below:
(i)Lean supply chain
(4 Marks)
(ii)Flexible or agile supply chain
(10 Marks)
(iii)Migratory supply chain
(10 Marks)
(b)Discuss FOUR (4) advantages and disadvantages of Industry Revolution (IR4.0) on supply chain management and give an example for each from the case in the article.
(16 Marks)
END OF QUESTION
1
Method of Quality Management
TOPIC 8
Introduction
Quality Management Defined Involves planning and controlling activities to ensure the product or service is fit for purpose, meeting design specifications and the needs of customers.
Quality-related Costs
Quality-related CostsPrevention costsCosts of preventing defects before they occur. Designing product and services with built in quality.Training employees in the best ways to do their job.Appraisal costsThe costs of quality inspection and testing.Internal failure costsThe costs arising from a failure to meet quality standards. Occurs before the product/service reaches the customer. For example:Cost of re-working parts.Re-inspection costs.Lower selling prices for sub-quality goods.
Quality-related Costs…External failure costsThe most arising from a failure to meet quality standards. Occurs after the product/service reaches the customer. For example:Costs of recalling and correcting products.Cost of lost goodwill.
Traditional Approach to Quality ManagementAssociated with the inspection of quality management:Inspection costsChocolate was inspected and tested as it come off the production line.Internal failure costsAny sub-quality goods were sold at a lower price. Mis-shapes were odd shaped chocolates that could not be used in a box of Roses or Milk Tray chocolates.External failure costsArose when sub-standard product reached the customer. For example, in 2006 more than one million Cadbury chocolate bars were recalled in the UK after salmonella was found in some Cadbury products.Allows for built in waste. However, waste reduces pr ...
Cleaner Production is a preventative environmental strategy that aims to reduce waste at the source. It involves continuous application of best practices like good housekeeping, input substitution, process modification and technology changes to increase efficiency and minimize environmental risks. A CP assessment identifies waste sources and feasible options are evaluated through technical, economic and environmental analyses. Successful CP implementation leads to cost savings, productivity gains and improved environmental performance while meeting stakeholder needs. Governments can promote CP through regulations and incentives while financial institutions benefit from lower risks in clients pursuing CP.
Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma MethodologyIJERD Editor
The purpose of this project was to gain a strong understanding of Six Sigma management philosophy, concepts, and practices and to apply this knowledge to creating a Six Sigma academic course or training program. This was done through three main methods: preliminary research and data collection, the creation of a design model for Six Sigma academic course program establishment, and the creation of a Six Sigma academic course program syllabus. The preliminary research consisted of conducting a Six Sigma knowledge survey with the students of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, interviewing a Six Sigma expert, and examining current Six Sigma educational programs in other universities, businesses, and organizations. As a result of our observations, we determined that Six Sigma has become a large part of many companies and should be implemented into more engineering programs at universities nation-wide, including Worcester Polytechnic Institute. This can be done through a project based course, as well as more Six Sigma based Interactive and Major Qualifying Projects.
Cleaner production is a strategy to reduce risks to the population and environment by minimizing waste and emissions from processes, products, and services. It identifies deficiencies in production processes and proposes corrective measures. The implementation of cleaner production follows a series of steps: 1) starting the process and analyzing the current situation, 2) material/process analysis, 3) defining improvement options, 4) prioritizing options, 5) implementation planning, and 6) follow-up and evaluation. Benefits include reduced costs, waste, and pollution while improving company image and working conditions.
Process improvement techniques and its applicability in pharma mfg an overviewVikalpNagori1
The document discusses various process improvement techniques and their applicability in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It describes techniques like Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, Lean Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, Toyota Production System/Just-in-Time, Theory of Constraints, and tools like FMEA and PDCA cycle. These techniques aim to reduce defects, waste, variation and improve efficiency in pharmaceutical operations throughout the product lifecycle from development to manufacturing to distribution. The document emphasizes applying these techniques and tools at various stages like development, manufacturing, and lifecycle management to ensure defect-free quality and efficient processes.
This document provides an overview of project implementation and procurement for a training course. It discusses key topics like the introduction, time management, expectations, modes of delivery, learning principles, drivers of project management, what is project implementation, implementation choices, implementation drivers, project procurement procedures and principles, procurement cycle, basic procurement rules and regulations. The document is intended to educate participants about important concepts and best practices in project implementation and procurement.
El documento habla sobre diferentes tipos de humedales como estuarios, lacustres, palustres y ribereños. También menciona algunas especies de animales en peligro de extinción como el boa constrictor, el jabalí, el venado cola blanca, la nutria de río, el jaguar y el puma. Además, define el concepto biológico de especie como los miembros de poblaciones que se reproducen o pueden reproducirse entre sí en la naturaleza.
Rohit's curriculum vitae provides personal and professional details over 3 pages. It includes his residential address in Delhi, date of birth, education history with a BCA from IGNOU and BCom from Delhi University. His work experience includes roles at Hansa Research, NEO Research Consulting, and Star India focused on marketing, market research, and relationship management. Additional skills listed are computer proficiency in Microsoft Office and languages, along with interests in travel, photography and graphic design.
Vaikundarajan Reviews Vijay’s Upcoming Film TheirVaikundarajan S
Directed by Atlee, Theri is an upcoming action film starring Vijay, Samantha and Amy Jackson. In supporting roles are Prabhu and Raadhika Sarathkumar, with music composed by G.V. Prakash Kumar. The film will grace the big screens on 14th Jan, 2016, says Vaikundarajan.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang toleransi dalam pembuatan benda kerja. Toleransi merupakan penyimpangan ukuran yang diizinkan dalam produksi massal agar benda kerja dapat diproduksi di tempat yang berbeda namun masih dapat memenuhi fungsinya. Dokumen ini menjelaskan istilah-istilah toleransi, jenis toleransi, penyajian toleransi pada gambar kerja, serta contoh-contoh penerapannya."
El documento habla sobre diferentes tipos de humedales como estuarios, lacustres, palustres y ribereños. También menciona algunas especies de animales en peligro de extinción como el boa constrictor, el jabalí, el venado cola blanca, la nutria de río, el jaguar y el puma. Además, define el concepto biológico de especie como los miembros de poblaciones que se reproducen o pueden reproducirse entre sí en la naturaleza.
This corporate presentation by Western Areas provides the following information:
1) Western Areas is a high-quality, low-cost nickel producer with mining operations in Western Australia and exploration assets in South Australia.
2) In the first three quarters of FY2016, Western Areas met production guidance and achieved a unit cash cost of $2.27/lb of nickel, tracking better than full-year guidance.
3) Western Areas has an organic growth profile through reserve and resource expansion at existing mines, the potential development of the Cosmos Nickel Complex, and exploration in underexplored regions with geological similarities to other major deposits.
This corporate presentation by Western Areas provides an overview of the company and its operations. It discloses that Western Areas is a high-quality nickel producer with organic growth options from its existing resource base in Western Australia. The presentation highlights Western Areas' track record of consistently meeting or exceeding guidance, maintaining a strong balance sheet, and focus on safe and efficient operations to manage through the commodity price cycle.
This document describes the closed loop control system used for boiler drum level control. It uses a three element control approach with drum level, feedwater flow, and main steam flow as process variables. During startup, a single 30% capacity feedwater control valve (FCV-101) is used to maintain drum level setpoint. At 30% load, control switches to two 100% capacity main feedwater valves (FCV-102) controlled via a three element algorithm. Drum level is measured by three level transmitters and averaged for input to the level controller (LIC-101). The controller output is summed with steam flow and used to set the remote setpoint for FIC-101, which controls FCV-102 position
Cuốn sách hướng dẫn bạn từ khâu lên ý tưởng, chuẩn bị, thực hiện và đánh giá kết quả công việc tổ chức sự kiện
Nguồn: kinhnghiemtochucsukien.blogspot.com
The document discusses different types of pipes used for water supply, including their materials, sizes, joining methods, advantages and disadvantages. It covers galvanized iron pipes, PVC/plastic pipes, steel pipes, cast iron pipes, PPR pipes. For each type, the document provides details on installation, fittings available, and joining methods like screwed joints, welded joints, etc. It includes diagrams to illustrate pipe connections and joining.
Rising Redogen: Bold & Feasible Solutions for BusinessTanzeemReza
Redogen is a company that has made its way in Bangladesh as a producer of Shower Gel.
But the problems are ,
1. available distribution system is not helping them out.
2. The HR department & Logistics are also in trouble.
3.They also need to expand their business. They are confused between buying new land or importing raw materials.
To take them out of these problems we have designed some strategies.
BKAM3063 OPERATION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENTSECOND SEMESTChantellPantoja184
BKAM3063 OPERATION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SECOND SEMESTER 2019/2020 SESSION
(A192)
COURSE CODE & NAME : BKAM3063 OPERATION AND PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
LECTURER’S NAME : DR. MUHAMMAD ROSNI BIN AMIR HUSSIN
LECTURE GROUP : A
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. This assesment paper contains ONE (1) question in ONE (1) printed page excluding the cover page.
2. A related article has been distributed a week prior to this assessment.
3. The assessment answer period is 26 hours.
4. The assessment date is 29 June 2020 (Monday), 0830am until 30 June 2020 (Tuesday), 1030am.
5. Answer ALL questions in handwriting.
6. Please make sure you include your personal information such as NAME and MATRIC NO in each of your answer page(s).
RULES OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY ARE ADHERED IN THIS ASSESSMENT
ALL THE BEST
QUESTION 1 (40 MARKS: 26 HOURS)
Referring to the article titled “Industry 4.0 and its impact on the functioning of supply chain” by Szozda (2017):
(a)Explain the supply chain revolution below:
(i)Lean supply chain
(4 Marks)
(ii)Flexible or agile supply chain
(10 Marks)
(iii)Migratory supply chain
(10 Marks)
(b)Discuss FOUR (4) advantages and disadvantages of Industry Revolution (IR4.0) on supply chain management and give an example for each from the case in the article.
(16 Marks)
END OF QUESTION
1
Method of Quality Management
TOPIC 8
Introduction
Quality Management Defined Involves planning and controlling activities to ensure the product or service is fit for purpose, meeting design specifications and the needs of customers.
Quality-related Costs
Quality-related CostsPrevention costsCosts of preventing defects before they occur. Designing product and services with built in quality.Training employees in the best ways to do their job.Appraisal costsThe costs of quality inspection and testing.Internal failure costsThe costs arising from a failure to meet quality standards. Occurs before the product/service reaches the customer. For example:Cost of re-working parts.Re-inspection costs.Lower selling prices for sub-quality goods.
Quality-related Costs…External failure costsThe most arising from a failure to meet quality standards. Occurs after the product/service reaches the customer. For example:Costs of recalling and correcting products.Cost of lost goodwill.
Traditional Approach to Quality ManagementAssociated with the inspection of quality management:Inspection costsChocolate was inspected and tested as it come off the production line.Internal failure costsAny sub-quality goods were sold at a lower price. Mis-shapes were odd shaped chocolates that could not be used in a box of Roses or Milk Tray chocolates.External failure costsArose when sub-standard product reached the customer. For example, in 2006 more than one million Cadbury chocolate bars were recalled in the UK after salmonella was found in some Cadbury products.Allows for built in waste. However, waste reduces pr ...
Cleaner Production is a preventative environmental strategy that aims to reduce waste at the source. It involves continuous application of best practices like good housekeeping, input substitution, process modification and technology changes to increase efficiency and minimize environmental risks. A CP assessment identifies waste sources and feasible options are evaluated through technical, economic and environmental analyses. Successful CP implementation leads to cost savings, productivity gains and improved environmental performance while meeting stakeholder needs. Governments can promote CP through regulations and incentives while financial institutions benefit from lower risks in clients pursuing CP.
Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma MethodologyIJERD Editor
The purpose of this project was to gain a strong understanding of Six Sigma management philosophy, concepts, and practices and to apply this knowledge to creating a Six Sigma academic course or training program. This was done through three main methods: preliminary research and data collection, the creation of a design model for Six Sigma academic course program establishment, and the creation of a Six Sigma academic course program syllabus. The preliminary research consisted of conducting a Six Sigma knowledge survey with the students of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, interviewing a Six Sigma expert, and examining current Six Sigma educational programs in other universities, businesses, and organizations. As a result of our observations, we determined that Six Sigma has become a large part of many companies and should be implemented into more engineering programs at universities nation-wide, including Worcester Polytechnic Institute. This can be done through a project based course, as well as more Six Sigma based Interactive and Major Qualifying Projects.
Cleaner production is a strategy to reduce risks to the population and environment by minimizing waste and emissions from processes, products, and services. It identifies deficiencies in production processes and proposes corrective measures. The implementation of cleaner production follows a series of steps: 1) starting the process and analyzing the current situation, 2) material/process analysis, 3) defining improvement options, 4) prioritizing options, 5) implementation planning, and 6) follow-up and evaluation. Benefits include reduced costs, waste, and pollution while improving company image and working conditions.
Process improvement techniques and its applicability in pharma mfg an overviewVikalpNagori1
The document discusses various process improvement techniques and their applicability in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It describes techniques like Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, Lean Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, Toyota Production System/Just-in-Time, Theory of Constraints, and tools like FMEA and PDCA cycle. These techniques aim to reduce defects, waste, variation and improve efficiency in pharmaceutical operations throughout the product lifecycle from development to manufacturing to distribution. The document emphasizes applying these techniques and tools at various stages like development, manufacturing, and lifecycle management to ensure defect-free quality and efficient processes.
This document provides an overview of project implementation and procurement for a training course. It discusses key topics like the introduction, time management, expectations, modes of delivery, learning principles, drivers of project management, what is project implementation, implementation choices, implementation drivers, project procurement procedures and principles, procurement cycle, basic procurement rules and regulations. The document is intended to educate participants about important concepts and best practices in project implementation and procurement.
The document provides an overview of key changes between the ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 9001:2015 standards and suggestions for addressing these changes. Some of the major changes discussed include a shift to a process-based approach, consideration of interested parties and risks, and expanded leadership responsibilities. The presentation recommends implementing process mapping, collecting stakeholder needs and expectations, conducting risk assessments, and clarifying roles and responsibilities to meet the new standard requirements. It also provides guidance on specific clauses and how different roles within an organization should view the standard. The intent is to help organizations understand and address the new provisions in ISO 9001:2015.
SMi Group's Pharmaceutical Microbiology USA 2017 conferenceDale Butler
This document provides information on the Pharmaceutical Microbiology USA conference happening on June 7-9, 2017 in San Diego. The conference will address current challenges in sterility assurance, environmental monitoring, and rapid microbial methods. It will feature presentations and panel discussions from industry experts on topics like challenges in microbial control, environmental monitoring trends, rapid microbial testing validation, data integrity, and contamination issues. Attendees can choose from pre-conference workshops on technologies for monitoring contamination control or microbial required use for terminal sterilization. The conference aims to evaluate the latest trends and opportunities in microbial control for pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Comparing and Contrasting Leading Tools for Evaluating ChemicalsSustainable Brands
Brands are increasingly concerned about the chemicals used in their products. Transparency is growing, but knowing something is there doesn't mean you know how it will affect your customers. To fill this void, a number of chemical evaluation tools (e.g. GreenScreen, GoodGuide, GreenWERCS) and product evaluation certifications have emerged. Expert Tony Kingsbury and his team looked at 32 of these tools and certifications to determine how robust their evaluation is, how many hazard endpoints they take into account, how costly they are, how transparent they are, and whether you need a PhD to use them. Find out which tools are right for your organization and what limitations they carry.
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New product development is always challenging and creative task in today’s era of globalization. Various internal and external factors are to be considered in the entire product development process. The concerned internal factors are skilled workforce with the organization, Budgetary provision for new product development, infrastructural and other resources available with organizations etc. While the external factors are requirement of the Customers, legal issues, Government policies, market segments and prevailing situations in the market. Considering the complexity in the product development process various new techniques of product development are being introduced by the industries, as well as proposed by researchers and academia. Lean product development, Quality Function Deployment, Six sigma is some of the techniques. In recent years there is a new technique being opted by the industry called as Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) .This paper is an attempt to review the developments of APQP and efforts being taken by the researchers in the development of APQP.
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1. FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
J13 PRM (Project Management)
Module Convenor:
Prof. Chong Mei Fong
Group No:6
Names Student Id
Adnaan Abbas Malak 012117
Deeksha Kundun 011479
Shreyasi Hait 011582
Monalisa Roy 011736
Amran Khalfan Al Kitani 10261
Hasan Saeed Jasim Mohamed Jawad Alsalman 009996
2. 1. Summary
The aim of this document is to deliver a proposal for the production of a Sunscreen chemical plant in
Malaysia with a cost of 326757 RM .The following proposal summarizes the five main cycles in any project.
The process starts with process selection in which a list of 20 ideas was brainstormed. These ideas were
then filtered to three candidates. The candidates are plastic; paint and sunscreen .They were then assessed
based on Benefit to cost ratio and scoring model. It was believed that Sunscreen was the best candidate to
satisfy the investor needs. The project was then initiated by identifying the possible stakeholders and their
expected responses to the product. The ultimate output from the initiation process was the process charter.
It includes the project objective statement, product statement, Major Deliverables, team rules and the
responsible team. The Six major deliverables are then granulated to Work packages (WPs). Each work
packages was assigned to a team member. The WPs Sequencing was then performed and the Critical path
was identified. The program evaluation and Review techniques (PERT) was then used to analyse the duration
of the critical path analysis. It was found that the project is having an estimated value of 536 days with 32
days standard deviation. This proves that the project cycle can be done in less than two year. Activity
scheduling was the last tool for planning the project. Cost baseline and scope baselines were used as
monitoring tools to control the project. The last phase is this document is the project closure where the
problem analysis was chosen to represent it.
2. Introduction
Malaysia is an equatorial country. It is one of Asia’s top tourist destinations complete with culture and
heritage and beautiful islands and sea beaches. The scorching heat and yearlong sunshine is one of
Malaysia’s special traits. This leads to the need and demand for sunscreen. So far in the market there is no
locally produced sunscreen. All the brands of sunscreen that are available are imported into the country and
so are naturally quite pricy. Also, of the sunscreens that are imported, majority of them are not herbal based
and are typically animal tested. As a result of this, there is a huge market for locally produced sunscreen
that is herbal and not tested on animals. Thus, the proposed idea to manufacture sunscreen locally in
Malaysia was heavily supported. It is therefore believed that the sunscreen product will bring a new income
to the country. Hence, a sunscreen production plant is to be set up to supply sunscreen to the market at a
rate of 1200 packages/day. This is expected to bring income into the country. Beside the new source of
income, the chemical product is believed to bring advancement in the technology. Lots of technologies are
currently under researches to further enhance the chemical structure of the sunscreen. The project is also
having a life cycle which is less than two years which satisfies the investor needs.
Certain requirements are needed to be met by the sunscreen product. It should be photo stable and have a
board range of UV protection. It should be also water resistance. In addition to that, it should not contain
toxic substances or highly hazardous ingredients. The product will be delivered to the market in various
types (i.e. spray, cream).different types will target different ages. This will maximize the Product usage.
These products will be supplied to the market by different means.
3. 3. Project Selection: It is the first Criteria in Group management group processes.
A. Project Selection process:
Project A Project B Project C
Sunscreen Paints Plastics
B. Numerical Method
Discounted rate 8%
Project A Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Total Comments
Discounted Costs 190000 4624856 4282274 9097129 NPBCR=2.2
Discounted Benefits 0 10544444 9763374 20307819
Cumulative benefits-cost -190000 5729589 11210690 11210690
Project B Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Total NPBCR=1.8
Discounted Cost 190000 1174630 1087620 2452250
Discounted Benefits 0 2250833 2084105 4334938
Cumulative benefits-cost -190000 886203.7 1882689 1882689
Project C Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Total NPBCR=1.6
Discounted Cost 190000 5335152 4939956 10465108
Discounted Benefits 0 8516667 7885802 16402469
Cumulative benefits-cost -190000 2991514 5937361 5937361
C. Non-Numerical method
Criteria Weight (%) Project A Project B Project C
Market attraction 30 90 60 75
Product can be readily improved 5 90 85 80
Can have a life cycle of 2 years 15 88 95 92
Realistic level of technology 5 85 80 83
Provide Positive NPV 20 80 80 80
Low risk in meeting scope, time and cost goals. 10 80 70 85
Meets environmental, health, safety and legal
policies
15 70 60 30
Weighted Project Scores 100 83.45 72.5 73.45
Therefore, the project selection was based on the highest Net Present Benefit-cost ratio (NPBCR) and the highest
score. Sunscreen is the candidate that satisfies these two conditions
Brainstorming
(20 ideas)
Numerical
method
Non-Numerical
method
Ideas filtration Choose three
products
Common Sense
Feasibility
NBCR
Final decision
Scoring matrix
4. 3. Project initiation
A. Stakeholders Analysis :
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
Customers Accreditation
Bodies
Government
legislation bodies
Animal Rights
Organisations
Investors Suppliers Team Members
Questions for the Stakeholders:
Q1. What specific type of product is required?
Q2. What is the budget for the project?
Q3. What is the time constraints (schedule, payback period, ROI etc) associated with the project?
Q4. What is the quality grade for the sunscreen?
Q5. What is the testing procedure for the sunscreen? (Animal testing allowed? If yes to what degree?)
Q6. What is the technology to be used in production process?
Q7. Are the raw materials available?
Q8. What are the target group of customers? (monetary terms/ age groups)
Q9. What accreditations are to be obtained?
Predicted Answers from the stakeholders
S1 Q1. Herbal, No side-effects, long
lasting, good smell, non-greasy
Q2. NONE
Q3. None
Q4. Good Quality
Q5. Should not be on animals
(certain groups)
Q6. None
Q7. None
Q8. Age group of 15-55, reasonably
priced
Q9.Accredited by reputed acc.
Bodies
S2 Q1. Product that meets specified
requirements
Q2. None
Q3. None
Q4. Must meet quality standards
Q5. Lab conditions should meet
standards
Q6. None
Q7. None
Q8. None
Q9.Meets specified requirements
S3 Q1. Product that meets
government,
environmental & health
regulations
Q2. None
Q3. None
Q4. None
Q5. Within environmental &
health regulations
Q6. None
Q7. None
Q8. None
Q9.None
S4 Q10. None
Q11. None
Q12. None
Q13. None
Q14. Should not be tested on
animals. If tested, should be
ethical and humane
Q15. None
Q16. Not from animal origins
Q17. None
Q18. None
S5 Q1. Product that has market
demand in Malaysia and is
profitable
Q2. Less than 50M RM
Q3. Less than 2 years
Q4. Max. quality within budget
Q5. None
Q6. Efficient, cheap
Q7. Available in abundance and
close proximity to plant
Q8. Largest target; all consumer
Q9. groups
S6 Q1. None
Q2. None
Q3. None
Q4. None
Q5. None
Q6. Available, up-to-date but
not outdated
Q7. Within production &
selling capacity
Q8. None
Q9. None
S7 Q1. Product that is related to their field of expertise
Q2. None
Q3. None
Q4. Accreditation quality must be met
Q5. Done in a certified laboratory and within budget.
Q6. Feasible, cheap, available
Q7. Available in abundance and close proximity to
plant
Q8. All consumer groups
Q9. Product to meet accreditation requirements
5. B. Project Objective statement
C. Product Scope statements
D. Major Deliverables
E. PM and Core team
F. Team Rules
Create a project plan covering the manufacture of Sunscreen packages at a
rate of 1,200 packages per day within a budget of RM50 millions by
27/4/2017
MD1 MD2 MD3 MD4 MD5 MD6
Estimate Pre-Production Estimate Post-Production Manage the Production Satisfy HSE(Health,
safety and
environment)
requirements
Conduct Market
Survey
Conduct Marketing tasks
IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT IS IS NOT
After site
selection
expensive
After
production
Before
demand
analysis
After
production
Cover the
process
Cover the
process
The most
important
part
External
team
task
Critical An
option
urgent When
designing
the product
More
flexible and
innovative
Crucial for
profit
making.
Dependent on
production pre
and post costs
Features: SPF≥ 50/ Volume of Package: 75 mL / Application mode:
Cream
Description: a specialized cream to protect the skin from UV radiation
from the sun and enhances tanning
IS IS /DOES NOT
Moisturizing
Long-lasting effect ( about 8
hrs)
Water resistance
Suitable for all skin types
Fragrant
Liquid
Suitable for kids
leave stains
have side effects
toxic
Tested on animals
Greasy
MD
ID
Team member Core or extended Role
1 Adnan Core Engineer
2 Hasan Core PM(Project manager)+
3 Monalisa Roy Core Engineer
4 Deekshaa Extended Researcher
5 Amran Core Scientist( Researcher)
6 Shreyasi Hait Extended Promoter
1 All information is to be kept confidential
2 Compulsory weekly meetings are to be held.
3 All employees are to dress in a semi-formal manner.
4 Appraisals are to be conducted bi-annually.
5 Paid overtime is allowed provided it has been approved by manager.
6 A maximum of 3 month salary bonus annually will be given to
employees depending on their performance.
7 All employees are to have a responsible and ethical behaviour.
6. 4. Project planning
A. Work Breakout Structure (WBS)
B. WBS Dictionary
MD Code WP Name Responsibl
e person
Completion criteria Output Precedence
1 1.1 Land and Construction cost ADNAN Get a legal clearance and calculate the construction details. Sign contract with the landlord
and Cost report
4.3
1.2 Equipment cost and
purchasing
ADNAN Estimate the equipment costs from process design. Cost report 3.1
1.3 Construction ADNAN Construction of the chemical plant Chemical plant 1.1,1.2
2 2.1 Product Testing Cost HASAN A full cost analysis for in-vivo an in-vetro testing. Cost report 5.1
2.2 Product packaging HASAN Estimate the packaging cost. Cost report 5.1
3 3.1 Product specification and
process design
Monalisa Ensure that it meets the demand requirements.
Finalize the Design that meet product specification
Specification sheet and PFD 4.1
3.2 Production Monalisa Manufacturing the product Product 1.3
4 4.1 Demand analysis Deekshaa Research on local and international demand Demand survey
4.2 Competition analysis Deekshaa Research on all possible competition locally and internationally Competition survey 4.1
4.3 Site selection Deekshaa Finding the best site available for the product with budget Site selection report. 4.1
5 5.1 Product Testing (quality) Amran Ensure that the product has desired quality and that the quality
is maintained(quality control)
Chemicals used must be
approved by the authorities.
3.2
5.2 Environment effect Amran Ensure the satisfaction of environmental indices. Environmental analysis report 3.2
6.1 Advertisement Planning and
Costing
Shreyasi Strategise promotional and advertising agenda; estimate budget Detailed advertisement and
promotion cost report
2.2,4.2
6 6.2 Advertisement and promotion Shreyasi Advertisement on all term of media and billboards. Market survey and sales report 6.1
6.3 Website service Shreyasi Creating and running the website. Commission Online website 2.2
8. F. Critical Path Analysis
G. Grant Chart for Activity scheduling
WP ID Optimistic Pessimistic Most
likely
EV SD Variance CP EV’s CP Variance’s
4.1 30 60 45 45.0 5.0 25.0 45.0 25.0
3.1 30 80 50 51.7 8.3 69.4 51.7 69.4
1.2 30 90 60 60.0 10.0 100.0 60.0 100.0
1.3 200 365 240 254.2 27.5 756.3 254.2 756.3
3.2 1 2 1 1.2 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.0
5.1 15 30 20 20.8 2.5 6.3 20.8 6.3
2.2 30 35 40 37.5 0.8 0.7 37.5 0.7
6.1 7 21 14 14.0 2.3 5.4 14.0 5.4
6.2 30 80 50 51.7 8.3 69.4 51.7 69.4
What is the Expected Value(EV) of the Project 536
The Duration of the project with 95.5% confidence 32
9. H. Milestone definition
Milestone
Number
WB Milestone Description Due Date Responsible person
1 1.1 Obtain land clearance 19/11/2015 Adnan
2 1.2 Procure all equipments 26/11/2015 Adnan
3 1.3 Complete plant construction 27/10/2016 Adnan
4 2.1 Cost report approval 6/1/2017 Hasan
5 2.2 Cost report approval 20/1/2017 Hasan
6 3.1 PFD Approval 3/9/2015 Monalisa
7 3.2 First batch of product 28/10/2016 Monalisa
8 4.1 Demand survey reviewed by stakeholders 25/6/2015 Deekshaa
9 4.2 Competition survey reviewed by stakeholders 23/7/2015 Deekshaa
10 4.3 Site selection approval report 13/8/2015 Deekshaa
11 5.1 Quality accreditation achieved 25/11/2016 Amran
12 5.2 Obtain manufacture permission 10/2/2017 Amran
13 6.1 Advertisement cost report is approved 9/2/2017 shreyasi
14 6.2 Profit is shown in sales report 20/4/2017 shreyasi
15 6.3 Website commissioning 10/2/2017 shreyasi
10. 5. Project Monitoring and Control
A. Project Scope Baseline
B. Project Cost Baseline
11. 6. Project Closure
A. Problem Analysis
WB Problem issue When occurred Root causes Resolution
1.1 Clearance to build is not
obtained
Land
procurement/lease
Protected
land/agricultural land
Select industrial land
1.2 Under-estimation of cost Equipment pre-cost
analysis
Wrong equipment
design
Re-design the
equipment
3.1 PFD was not approved Designing the
process
Wrong design Re-design
3.2 Demand not met(Quantity) During Production Raw materials
shortage
Find alternative
suppliers
4.1 No demand of the product During Survey Existing product Change the product
4.2 No data Market survey Confidentiality issues Conduct field survey
4.3 Isolated site Site selection Non-availability of
desired site
Look for other place
5.1 Product with low quality Testing the product Bad ingredients Procure top quality
ingredients
5.2 Effect the marine life During testing Toxic Substance in
ingredients.
Screen ingredients for
toxic substances
6.3 Crashed website During operation Server problem Regular maintenance
12. 7. Appendix
A. Sunscreen:
The following information shows the costs of the sunscreen that are used to calculate the BCR and NPV of the
sunscreen product:
number of workers 50 workers
product manufacture 10 RM/unit
testing costs 14844 RM
labour cost 1000 RM/worker
selling price 26 RM/package
number of packages 50 package/hr
initial investment 190000 RM
If we assume that the project will be completed in year 0 with a discount factor of 0.08, the calculations that are
made to obtain the BCR, NPV and PBR are shown below:
Table 1: shows the BCR and NPV calculations
Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Total
costs 190000 4994844 4994844
discount factor 1 0.925926 0.857339
discount cost 190000 4624856 4282274 9097129
Benefits 0 11388000 11388000
Discounted factor 1 0.925926 0.857339
Discounted benefits 0 10544444 9763374 20307819
Ft -190000 5919589 5481101 11210690
cumulative -190000 5729589 11210690
From the table above, the BCR, the NPV and the PBP are calculated and evaluated as follows:
13. B. Plastic:
The following information shows the costs of the sunscreen that are used to calculate the BCR and NPV of the plastic
product:
No. of workers 50 RM
Labour costs 1500 RM
Initial investment 190000
product per unit 11 RM
Recycling equipment cost 36637 RM
Testing costs 7327.4 RM
packages produced/hr 50 packages/hr
Selling price 20 RM/package
recycled plastic profit 1 package/hr
If we assume that the project will be completed in year 0 with a discount factor of 0.08, the calculations that are
made to obtain the BCR, NPV and PBR are shown below:
Table 2: shows the BCR and NPV calculations
0 1 2 TOTAL
costs 190000 5761964 5761964
discount factor 1 0.925926 0.857339
discount cost 190000 5335152 4939956 10465108
Benefits 0 9198000 9198000
Discounted factor 1 0.925926 0.857339
Discounted benefits 0 8516667 7885802 16402469
Ft -190000 3181514 2945847 5937361
cumulative -190000 2991514 5937361
From the table above, the BCR, the NPV and the PBP are calculated and evaluated as follows:
14. C. Paint:
The following information shows the costs of the sunscreen that are used to calculate the BCR and NPV of the plastic
product:
Furniture cost 15000 RM
Utilities cost 5000 RM
Safety equipment cost 2000 RM
Logo cost 800 RM
Website cost 3500 RM
Newspaper advertising cost 17000 RM
web developer cost 300 RM
number of workers 50 workers
labour cost 2000 RM
medical coverage and uniform cost 800 RM
initial investment cost 190000 RM
Packages produced 30 packages/hr
Selling price 9.25 RM/kg
Source 1: https://www.imoney.my/articles/the-cost-of-starting-a-business
Source 2: http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Top-class-interior-paint_60194551582.html
If we assume that the project will be completed in year 0 with a discount factor of 0.08, the calculations that are
made to obtain the BCR, NPV and PBR are shown below:
Table 3: shows the BCR and NPV calculations
0 1 2 TOTAL
costs 190000 1268600 1268600
discount factor 1 0.925925926 0.85733882
discount cost 190000 1174629.63 1087620.027 2452249.657
Benefits 0 2430900 2430900
Discounted factor 1 0.925925926 0.85733882
Discounted benefits 0 2250833.333 2084104.938 4334938.272
Ft -190000 1076203.704 996484.9108 1882688.615
cumulative -190000 886203.7037 1882688.615