All reservations which are considered by Indian Govt. are described in this slide.

1. RESERVATION IN
INDIA
PRESENTED BY: ABHIJIT NAYAK
PRESENTED TO: MR. ANILESH KAPOOR

2. Introduction
 Reservation in India is the process of facilitating a person in education, scholarship,
jobs, and in promotion who has category certificates.
 Reservation is a form of quota-based action.
 Reservation is governed by constitutional laws, statutory laws, and local rules and
regulations.
 Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Other Backward Classes (OBC),
and in some states Backward Classes among Muslims under a category called BC(M),
are the primary beneficiaries of the reservation policies under the Constitution – with
the object of ensuring a level playing field.

3. Present caste-based reservation system of
Union Government
 Present reservation system has a long history and has been debated before
and after Indian independence from the British in 1947.
For the general class 50.5% seats are available and not reserved.
Category as per Government of India
Reservation Percentage as per
Government of India
Scheduled Castes (SC) 15%
Scheduled Tribes (ST) 7.5%
Other Backward Classes (OBC) 27%
Total constitutional reservation percentage 49.5%

4. Beneficiary groups of the reservation
system
Caste
Gender
In central-government funded higher education institutions, 22.5% of
available seats are reserved for Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST)
students (7.5% for STs, 15% for SCs). This reservation percentage has been
raised to 49.5% by including an additional 27% reservation for OBCs.
 The Women's Reservation Bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 9 March 2010
by a majority vote of 186 members in favour and 1 against.
 As of March 2013, the Lok Sabha has not voted on the bill.
 Critics say gender cannot be held as a basis for reservation alone other factors
should also be considered e.g. economic, social conditions of woman for
educated women.

5. Religion
Status as a domicile
The Tamil Nadu government has
allotted 3.5% of seats each to
Muslims and Christians, thereby
altering the OBC reservation to 23%
from 30%
• With few exceptions, all jobs under certain State governments are reserved for those who are
domiciled within the jurisdiction of that government.
• For example, in Punjab Engineering College (Chandigarh) 85% of seats were earlier reserved for
Chandigarh-domiciles—now it is 50%.
• ACC cement made a rule that 30% local people can work in the industry others of ouside.

6. Other
• Freedom Fighters
• Physically handicapped
• Sports personalities
• Terrorist victims from Kashmir, e.g. in Punjab
Single girl child (in Punjab)
• Migrants from the state of Jammu and Kashmir
• Sons/daughters/grandsons/granddaughters of
Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) have a small
percentage of reserved seats in educational
institutions. Candidates sponsored by various
organisations
• Those who have served in the armed forces
• Dependents of armed forces personnel killed-
in-action
• Reservation in special schools of Government
Undertakings/ PSUs, for the children of their
own employees (e.g. Army schools, PSU
schools, etc.)
• Paid pathway reservations in places of
worship (e.g., Tirumala Venkateswara Temple,
Tiruthani Murugan temple)
• Seat reservation for Senior citizens and
Physically handicapped in public (bus)
transport.

7. Consequences of reservation in India
Immediate consequences
Short-term
• In the Higher Education institutes and
Government Bodies reserved category for
academics & competitive exams.
• The Financial status of the reserved
category people is increasing, and well
supported by the government.
• The exploited non reserved category persons who missed the opportunity because someone else has
taken his place have become deprived and miserable in the poor economic conditions of India.
• The percentage of SC, ST, and OBC in government institutions have risen sharply, today the total
percentage of reserved category persons working in these institution is about 40%.

8. Long-term
Individual theories on consequences
• Some philosophers believe that India has lost its pace for the development due to the reservation in India,
because more capable persons were not offered the places which they deserved on the bases of acts done
in past.
• Some think that reservation in India is not good for society since the people were still remain divided
among themselves due to the increase and decrease of Financial and Social status in the society.
• The population of reserved category community
has increased through the years since 1990,
though the government still has not made any
policy and official statistics of Indian population
based on caste, which are still pending to be
released to the public.
• Several Unreserved or General category
communities has started demanding reservation
for them, these communities which include
(Gujars & Jats of State of Haryana, Seers, Patels of
state of Gujarat, etc.).