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Athletic conditions that may respond favorably to treatment
1. Athletic Conditions That May Respond Favorably to Treatment
1. Ankle sprains
2. Calf strains
3. Foot injuries
4. Muscle fatigue
5. Pre-activity warm up period
6. Post-activity recovery, especially leg muscles
Injured athletes have used the Treadwell® Wellness Device with positive outcomes. The
device allows the user to warm up the muscles without fatiguing them or putting undue
pressure on the feet and ankles should an injury be present.
Several University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill basketball players used the Treadwell®
during their 2008-2009 National Championship season.
ATHLETIC CONDITIONS
2. » Athletes with Coeliac Disease
» Cramps and Stitches
» Dental Health for athletes
» Eating Disorders in Athletes
» Fighting Fatigue
» Diabetes and Exercise
» Iron Depletion in Athletes
» Food Allergy and Intolerance
» Bone Health
» Allergy Action Plan
ATHLETES WITH COELIAC DISEASE
Nutritious foods and fluids nourish our bodies, promote good health, and for athletes, help to
enhance sports performance. However in some individuals with medically diagnosed Coeliac
Disease, certain foods and fluids can cause adverse reactions ranging from mild to debilitating. In
athletes, these reactions may significantly impact performance but can be easily avoided.
Coeliac disease is a genetic medical condition that results in permanent intestinal intolerance to
dietary gluten. When gluten is ingested, "villi" (finger-like projections in the small bowel) become
damaged. This interferes with the absorption of nutrients and causes damage to other organs and
systems, including the bones. Adherence to a well-controlled gluten free diet prevents further
3. damage to the villi, and allows it to return to normal so that nutrients in foods can be properly
absorbed.
This can present an extra challenge for some athletes with higher carbohydrate requirements as
many high-carbohydrate foods are wheat-based or gluten-containing foods such as bread, pasta and
most breakfast cereals. Fibre requirements may also be more difficult to achieve and if this condition
is poorly managed, iron and other nutrient deficiencies are soon to follow suit.
Please click here to download our fact sheet
DENTAL HEALTH FOR ATHLETES
As an athlete, the dedication of training, eating well, staying hydrated and meeting nutritional goals
have one main aim: improving performance. Athletes consult with their sports physicians and
physiotherapists for physical health, their sports dietitian for a performance nutrition edge, but dental
health is often seen as a much lesser priority. But while dental health may not affect your day-to-day
on-field performance, or win you this year’s Best & Fairest, the consequences of poor dental hygiene
are likely to catch up with you sooner or later in life.
Sports products, including carbohydrate gels and sports drinks have been shown to improve
performance and time to fatigue, but these products need to be used carefully to avoid dental
problems down the track.
This is a must-read for athletes, coaches, parents, teachers, trainers and anyone else who uses
sports nutrition products!
FIGHTING FATIGUE
Most people will experience tiredness or fatigue at some stage in their lives. Fatigue occurs during
exercise and may be related to various nutritional factors, such as fuel depletion, low blood glucose
(hypoglycaemia), and dehydration. However, tiredness can be a chronic condition that needs further
investigation. Adequate nutrition is often overlooked as a contributing factor to fatigue. In many
cases a simple change in eating habits can increase energy levels and improve performance.
IRON DEPLETION IN ATHLETES
Elite and recreational athletes involved in regular intensive training programs can quickly deplete
iron stores and are at risk of developing iron deficiency anaemia, a condition where there are not
enough red blood cells. These athletes, and in particular, female and adolescent athletes, have
higher iron requirements than non-athletes.
Dietary tips for preventing and treating iron depletion
4. Increase total consumption of iron-rich foods. This is especially important for athletes eating
very little food.
Choose a variety of iron-rich foods everyday.
Eat lean red meat, poultry or fish and seafood preferably daily (eg in sandwiches or at an
evening meal).
Eat lean red meat (eg beef, veal, lamb) at least three to four times a week.
If vegetarian, ensure food choices are iron-rich (eg eat baked beans, lentils and breakfast
cereals regularly) and combine with Vitamin C-rich foods foods. (Good sources of vitamin C
include citrus fruit, fruit juice, strawberries, kiwifruit, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and
capsicum).
Eat iron-enriched breakfast cereals regularly. Porridge and muesli are very nutritious but are
not iron-enriched.
Avoid consuming strong tea or coffee when you eat breakfast cereal or sandwiches because
the tannic acid in tea and coffee binds to iron
BONE HEALTH
Bone is an active tissue, continually rebuilding itself throughout the lifespan
Regular weight-bearing activity or strength training promotes optimal bone health which
includes activities such as jogging, tennis, aerobics and walking. Activities such as cycling
and swimming, while they are fantastic for aerobic fitness, don't increase bone mass.
A diet rich in high-calcium foods, such as milk, cheese and yogurt or calcium-fortified soy
milk help to make regular calcium "deposits" to the bone calcium bank. Excessive salt,
protein and caffeine-containing food and drinks can increase calcium losses.
People with osteoporosis need to take extra care when exercising. A qualified exercise
physiologist or physiotherapist should supervise strength training to avoid injury.
Female athletes with amenorrhoea for longer than six months, a history of anorexia nervosa,
or a history of stress fractures may require routine screening for bone mineral density
CRAMPS AND STITCHES
You have trained hard, you are mentally focussed, your muscle glycogen levels are topped up, and
you have the desire to perform better than ever. You are now at your peak. But there are still two
things that can stop you dead in your tracks: the cramp and the stitch. They will over-ride all of your
mental and physical training and your performance will suffer.
Cramp is due to an involuntary muscle contraction. While for a long time they have been associated
with dehydration, heavy salt losses, or extremes of temperature, most recent evidence suggests
altered neuromuscular function secondary to extreme fatigue in the exercised muscle as the most
likely cause. Well trained athletes are at least risk of experiencing muscle cramps.
The pain of the stitch is likely to come from the abdominal cavity. To reduce the risk of developing a
stitch during exercise, the athlete should avoid eating just prior to starting and adopt appropriate
hydration strategies before and during sport. Water or sports drinks are the best choices.
EATING DISORDERS IN ATHLETES
Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorders not
otherwise specified (EDNOS)) have been associated with athletes at all levels of sport. Often the
eating disorder may remain undiagnosed or concealed due to the intense physical and mental stress
5. that athletes endure in their training and competition cycles. Sports performance commonly drops in
athletes who suffer eating disorders due to poor nutrition and poor mental function. If untreated or
undiagnosed, eating disorders can be life threatening.
Why are athletes high risk for eating disorders?
The pressures that place athletes at increased risk of developing an eating disorder include:
Desire to optimise performance;
Involvement in sport that emphasises physical appearance, size or leanness for optimal
performance;
Increased body awareness, which may exacerbate body image concerns;
Personality characteristics often prized in athletes (drive, competitive, perfectionist and
disciplined);
High stakes associated with winning;
Injury as a trigger for the onset of an eating disorder; and
Influence of parents, coaches and fellow athletes.
DIABETES AND EXERCISE
SMA, Sports Dietitians Australia and Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) have joined
forces to produce a fact sheet on Diabetes and Exercise
FOOD ALLERGY AND INTOLERANCE
Nutritious foods and fluids nourish our bodies, promote good health, and for athletes, can help
enhance sports performance. However in some individuals, certain foods and fluids can cause
adverse reactions ranging from mild to debilitating. In athletes, these reactions may significantly
impact performance.
Food Allergy generally occurs in people with an overactive immune system that can produce IgE
antibodies to substances in the environment which are normally harmless. Food allergy usually
begins early in life and is more common in babies and children than adults. Food intolerance is far
more prevalent amongst adults than food allergy. Unlike allergies, intolerances do not involve the
immune system. They are triggered by various natural food chemicals (e.g. salicylates, amines and
glutamates) and/or food additives including artificial colours and certain preservatives (e.g. sorbates,
benzoates, sulphites, nitrates and artificial antioxidants).
ALLERGY ACTION PLAN
Individuals considered at risk of anaphylaxis are generally advised to carry a self injectable
adrenaline syringe for emergency use and have an emergency action plan. This must be easily
accessible at all times, including when exercising. Responsible adults engaged in supporting
athletes with allergy (including the coach, team manager etc) should be familiar with emergency
procedures including use of an adrenaline syringe.