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LIBERATING
STRUCTURES
STOP
UNPRODUCTIVE
MEETINGS, START
PRODUCING
DRAMATICALLY
BETTER RESULTS
IMPROMPTU
NETWORKING
Rapidly share challenges and expectations,
building new connections as we go.
What challenges do you face in your
meetings?
How do you know when a meeting is
going south?
What do you hope to give to and get
from this workshop?
STEPS + TIMING:
1. Find a partner :: Share for 4 minutes
2. Find another strangely attractive partner :: 4
minutes sharing
3. One final dosey-doe with a new partner :: 4
minutes sharing
What challenges do you face in your
meetings?
How do you know when a meeting is
going south?
What do you hope to give to and get
from this workshop?
1-2-4-ALL
Progressively build toward productive contributions
from everyone
MINIMUM
SPECIFICATIONS
Specify only the absolute must do’s & must
not do’s for achieving a purpose
Compose a list of
everything you must do
and must not do for a
meeting to achieve
productive endpoints.
STEPS + TIMING:
1. Alone, respond to prompt :: 1 minute
2. In pairs, share your “To Do” list :: 2 minutes
3. Find another pair, in quartets synthesize a
combined list of MIN SPECS :: 4 minutes
Can you violate this
requirement and still achieve
your purpose?
If “yes”, cross it off your list.
It is NOT a Min Spec.
PURPOSE :: MIN SPECS
v Find what is absolutely essential for success
v Open up space for new possibilities
v Reduce front line frustration
v Focus or redirect resources and energies where
they will make a difference
A DIP INTO THEORY
What are LS and what difference
do they make?
INCLUDE AND UNLEASH
EVERYONE IN SHAPING THE
FUTURE TOGETHER
This is NOT
a certification course
v You first experience should be enough to
get started
v You will decide how to achieve mastery
personally
v LS take a braver-than-usual step, yet are
embarrassingly simple and subtle
v Practice makes perfect
“LIBERATING
STRUCTURES ARE
SMALL WISDOMS IN
COMMUNICATION."
Dr. Yoko Kawamura describing how she
"translates" when introducing LS in Japan.
PRESENTATIONS
MANAGED DISCUSSION
OPEN CONVERSATION
STATUS REPORTS
BRAINSTORMING
MICROSTRUCTURES:
Always present, yet often overlook
MAKE AN INVITATION
DISTRIBUTE
PARTICIPATION
CONFIGURE GROUPS
ARRANGE SPACE
SEQUENCE AND
ALLOCATE TIME
Micro-
Organizing
Design
Elements
GroupsSpace
Time Participation
Invitation
Presentation
Listen
to me
talk
Not
until
the
end.
One to
many
Presenter
at front,
audience
fixed.
I talk
for as
long as
I want.
Open
Conversation
Respond
as you
see fit
Anyone
can try to
jump in
One big
undivided
group
In a room,
usually seated
around a table
Introduce
topic, then
free-for-all
Why stop using
conventional structures?
Too Tight
v Over-controlled
v Too uniform
v Only a select few engaged
in shaping direction
Too Loose
v Under-controlled
v Too unstable
v Too random to shape
direction
CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES
MAINTAIN TOP-DOWN, EXPERT
DRIVEN CHANGE
Senior Leaders identify problems, generate solutions
CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES
MAINTAIN TOP-DOWN, EXPERT
DRIVEN CHANGE
Senior Leaders identify problems, generate solutions
Change is imposed on the organization and cascades
down
CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES
MAINTAIN TOP-DOWN, EXPERT
DRIVEN CHANGE
Senior Leaders identify problems, generate solutions
Change is imposed on the organization and cascades
down
Strategies are developed to produce buy-in and
overcome immunity to change
CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES
MAINTAIN TOP-DOWN, EXPERT
DRIVEN CHANGE
Senior Leaders identify problems, generate solutions
Change is imposed on the organization and cascades
down
Strategies are developed to produce buy-in and
overcome immunity to change
Frontline workers are expected to implement solutions,
regardless of what reality dictates.
LIBERATING STRUCTURES
DISTRIBUTE FREEDOM AND
RESPONSIBILITY MORE WIDELY
1. Simple, Expert-less
2. Results-focused
3. Rapid cycling
4. Seriously fun
5. Inclusive
6. Multi-scale
7. Self-spreading
8. Modular
APPRECIATIVE
INTERVIEW
Discover and build on the root causes,
attributes and activities of success
A few hints for
Appreciative Interviews:
1. Sit face-to-face and knee-to-knee for the interview
2. Ask about the context (When, Where, Who, How)
3. DO NOT share your own experience
4. Collect details of the journey (Status quo, barriers,
action, reversals, powerful discoveries)
5. Try to find a moment that sums up the drama and the
deeper meaning
9 WHY’S
Make the purpose of your work
together clear
A few hints for 9 Whys:
When you have the story outlined, ask…
Why is your contribution to this story important to
you?
First answer, “_______….” Hmmm, why is that
important to you?
Second answer, “_______….” OK, if your dream
came true last night, what would be different today?
A few hints for 9 Whys:
Keep asking, “Why… why… why… until you make a
discovery about your partner’s bedrock purpose
Actively listen, digging deeper and deeper
Record a brief statement of our partner’s purpose
Share a story of a time when you
were responsible for, or helped
design, a meeting/gathering/
coming-together that had least a
few breathtakingly awesome
moments
STEPS + TIMING:
1. Alone, reflect on the story you want to tell : 1
minute
2. With a partner, share your story :: 5 minutes
3. Shift into asking Why questions ::: 4 minutes
4. Switch roles and repeat. Starting with an
Appreciative Interview
Share a story of a time when you
were responsible for, or helped
design, a meeting/gathering/
coming-together that had least a
few breathtakingly awesome
moments
1.  A personal touchstone for you as an individual
2.  Fundamentally justifies the existence of your
work to the outside world
A powerful purpose attracts
participation and has two essential
attributes.
PURPOSE ::
APPRECIATIVE
INTERVIEWS + 9 WHYS
Build positive energy & momentum
Create an exciting purposeful and
positive narrative for your community
Discover root causes of your success
PURPOSE ::
APPRECIATIVE
INTERVIEWS + 9 WHYS
Discover what is truly important to group
members
Generate clear answers can help you
move forward together with more velocity
Provide a basis for progressive evaluation
FLUID ADJUSTMENT
BREAK
10 MINUTES.
LIQUID COURAGE
An exorcism of ritualized complaints
In regards to your meetings,
complete the following sentences:
IF ONLY…
In regards to your meetings,
complete the following sentences:
THEY MAKE ME…
In regards to your meetings,
complete the following sentences:
I HAVE TO…
In regards to your meetings,
complete the following sentences:
…AND THAT’S JUST THE WAY
IT IS.
TRIZ
Stop counterproductive activities and
behaviors to make space for
innovation
What could you do to reliably
guarantee…
People’s bodies are present, but
their minds are absent during
meetings?
STEPS + TIMING:
1. Alone, respond to prompt : 1 minute
2. In pairs, share your list and go wild :: 2
minutes
3. Form a quartet, what more could you do ::: 4
minutes
What could you do to reliably
guarantee…
People’s bodies are present, but
their minds are absent during
meetings?
Is there anything you do in current
meetings that resemble items on
your list?
Be unforgiving.
How are you going to STOP it?
What is your first move?
(Be as concrete as you can)
What triggers this behavior?
What competing commitments and
assumptions may be holding you back?
How do you know when you are falling into
the behavior?
What do you need from colleagues to
extinguish the behavior forever?
STEPS: Invitations
1. How can you produce the worst possible
result?
2. What are we doing today that resembles
those behaviors?
3. How do we stop doing those behaviors?
STEPS: Outcomes
1. Generate list of behaviors.
2. Confront current reality.
3. Commit to stopping.
15% SOLUTIONS
Discover and focus on what each person has
the freedom and resources to do now
How will you exert your 15% to stop those
behaviors?
What first steps can you now take to enliven
your meetings without needing any
additional permission?
TROIKA CONSULTING
Get practical and imaginative help
from colleagues immediately
STEPS + TIMING:
Form trio with 2 other people (the consultants)
First person shares 15% solution : 2 mins
STEPS + TIMING:
Consultants ask clarifying questions :: 1 min
STEPS + TIMING:
Turn back on consultants. Listen to advice. :: 3 min
HINTS:
Person receiving the consultation:
take notes!
Consultants: talk to each other.
NOT to the person you are helping.
Expand the solutions, reframe the
challenge, go deep and skip around.
STEPS + TIMING:
Switch to next person and repeat
CELEBRITY INTERVIEW
Reconnect the experience of
leaders and experts with the
people closest to the challenges
at hand
LUNCH
30 MINUTES
 MAX SPECS
Complex rules and regulations give
rise to simple and stupid behavior
MIN SPECS
Simple, clear purpose and principles
give rise to complex, intelligent
behavior.
FLOCKING QUESTIONS
Did patterns form without a leader or detailed
instructions? How?
In what way did the Min Specs both enable &
constrain movement?
What differences did you notice with &
without a chief?
What factors influenced the adoption and
spread of innovations?
What role did free will play?
USER EXPERIENCE
FISHBOWL
Share know-how gained from
experience with a larger community
STEPS + TIMING:
Form small circle within larger circle
Invite inner circle conversation among 3-6
people with direct experience about the topic at
hand
Do NOT allow presentations! (inner circle
members talk to each other, NOT the
audience)
STEPS + TIMING:
Start with a question (e.g., What is the good,
the bad, and the ugly of your experience…?
Stories are encouraged
Invite outer satellite groups to ask questions
after 10 minutes
Invite exchange between inner & outer circles
What is the good, the bad, the
ugly of your experience with LS?
1) What helped you take the leap?
2) What surprised you?
3) Did you seek permission?
Shannon
Cole
Myrtle
Tim
Tracy
HEARD, SEEN,
RESPECTED
Practice deeper listening and empathy with
colleagues
Share a story of a time when you
were NOT heard seen or
respected in a meeting
STEPS + TIMING:
In pairs, first person shares a story : 5 mins
When listening, don’t try to fix anything. Only
ask questions as needed
What else…
Go on…
Tell me more…
STEPS + TIMING:
Switch roles, repeat steps 1 and 2
Debrief in groups of 4 to 8 people.
Use What, So What, Now What to reflect on
the experience
SHIFT & SHARE
Spread good ideas and make informal
connections with innovators
STEPS + TIMING:
Invite individuals to share short stories
Bring artifacts to show what happened
Divide the group into evenly sized learning
pods
Learning pods go to a station :: 9 minutes
Rotate.
HINTS:
Storytellers need to cut to the chase!
~7 mins for stories + 2 mins for questions
Storytellers get multiple opportunities to refine
or reinvent their story
A) Jeanne UW
B) Tom – Coalescing a spiritual community
C) Alex – Designing in half lives
D) Magda – HR
E) Lynda – Passing legislation in MT
F) Jeff – Drawing Together
W3 DEBRIEF
Together, look back on progress
and decide what adjustments
are needed
CONVERSATION CAFE
Make sense of a complex, difficult, or painful
situation and lay the ground for being able to
move on
STEPS + TIMING:
Form groups of 6
3 rounds : ~5 mins each
Go around the circle, using the talking object to
indicate who has the floor
What have you
noticed about LS?
So what?
What are the implications of
LS for you personally?
Now what?
What actions will you take next?
What do you need from the
remainder of the workshop to
continue making progress?
Tomorrow:
Start: 930am
End: 330pm

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Liberating Structure Day 1 Slides