2. • Latar Belakang1
• Perumusan
Masalah
2
• Tujuan & Manfaat
Penelitian
3
• Batasan
Masalah
4
• Dasar Teori5
• Metodologi
Penelitian
6
• Analisa Grafik7
• Kesimpulan &
Saran
8
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
3. • Latar Belakang1
• Perumusan
Masalah
2
• Tujuan & Manfaat
Penelitian
3
• Batasan
Masalah
4
• Dasar Teori5
• Metodologi
Penelitian
6
• Analisa Grafik7
• Kesimpulan &
Saran
8
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
4. 1
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
ENERGI FOSIL YANG
TERBATAS
ENERGI ALTERNATIF
ENERGI SURYA
KOLEKTOR SURYA
DENGAN SPESIFIKASI
STANDAR KOMERSIAL
6. Bagaimana cara kerja kolektor surya plat datar
dengan tipe spesifikasi standar komersial?
Bagaimana pengaruh perubahan temperatur
fluida inlet terhadap efisiensi kolektor surya?
Bagaimana pengaruh radiasi matahari
terhadap efisiensi kolektor plat datar dengan
spesifikasi standar komersial?
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
8. Mengetahui kolektor surya plat datar dengan
spesifikasi standar komersial.
Mengetahui performansi kolektor surya plat
datar dengan spesifikasi standar komersial.
Mengetahui pengaruh perubahan temperatur
fluida inlet terhadap radiasi matahari.
Mengetahui pengaruh radiasi matahari dan
efisiensi kolektor plat datar terhadap waktu
pengamatan.
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
9. Dapat mengurangi ketergantungan manusia
terhadap penggunaan bahan bakar fosil dengan
mengoptimalkan energi alternatif yang sangat
melimpah jumlahnya dibumi yaitu energi panas
matahari
Sebagai referensi untuk aplikasi nyata
pemanfaatan teknologi untuk kepentingan
masyarakat luas
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
11. 1. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kolektor surya plat datar dengan
spesifikasi standar komersial.
2. Dalam hal ini dititikberatkan pada pembahasan bagaimana pengaruh temperatur
masukan, keluaran, dan efisiensi kolektor terhadap intensitas matahari.
3. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan radiasi surya di permukaan bumi.
4. Debu, angin, dan kotoran-kotoran diatas kolektor diabaikan.
5. Penggunaan alat hanya untuk pengujian kolekor surya plat datar di Balai Besar
Teknologi Energi.
6. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada pukul 09.00 sampai dengan pukul 14.00. Data-
data lain yang diperlukan dalam perencanaan dan analisa diambil sesuai dengan
literatur yang relevan.
7. Analisa performansi kolektor surya dilakukan pada steady
state condition dengan tekanan 2 bar.
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
12. Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Energi Matahari ?
Aplikasi Energi Matahari:
1. Pemanas air ;
2. Distilasi air ;
3. Penerang ruangan ;
4. Kompor Matahari ;
5. Pengering hasil pertanian ;
6. Sistem fotovoltaik ;
7. Sel surya tipis film ; dll
13. Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Perpindahan Panas?
Prinsip perpindahan panas terdiri dari tiga cara:
Konduksi
konveksi
Radiasi
15. Perhitungan Efisiensi Kolektor surya:
Keterangan:
Η0 = efisiensi optik kolektor (0,715)
a1 = koefisien hilangnya linier (1,55 W/(m2K))
a2 = koefisien kerugian kuadratik (0,0117 W/(m2K2))
Ta = suhu udara sekitar ambien (°C),
Tm = rata-rata temperatur kolektor (°C), dan
Gk = radiasi matahari (W/m2)
Untuk kolektor surya WesTech seperti yang disediakan oleh SPF
pengujian laboratorium di Swiss (SPF laporan)
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
19. Data-data yang dibutuhkan meliputi :
Radiasi matahari, Tinput, Toutput, Tambien,
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Grafik yang akan dibuat :
Grafik hubungan radiasi matahari terhadap waktu ;
Grafik hubungan temperatur terhadap waktu ;
Grafik hubungan temperatur inlet dan output =
f(intensitas,waktu)
Grafik efisiensi = f(intensitas,waktu)
25. Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Alat ukur radiasi surya yang praktikan gunakan adalah
pyranometer, alat tersebut digunakan untuk mengetahui
intensitas radiasi matahari. Penggunaan alat ini harus
pada tempat yang datar karena sudut datang matahari
akan mempengaruhi penerimaan radiasi.
Kolektor surya merupakan suatu alat yang berfungsi
untuk mengumpulkan energi matahari yang masuk dan
diubah menjadi energi thermal dan meneruskan energi
tersebut ke fluida.
Besarnya energi surya yang praktikan amati selama 5
jam dari pukul 09.00–14.00 adalah 2,535 Kj.
Nilai radiasi matahari yang tertinggi mencapai
temperatur 1.045 0C pada pukul 12.30 pada
pengamatan yang dilakukan dari pukul 09.00 sampai
dengan 14.00
26. Faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan radiasi surya di
permukaan bumi, faktor tersebut adalah tempat dan
waktu pegamatan; letak lintang dan keadaan
pengamatan (skala makro); Arah lereng (kemiringan
penerima radiasi matahari); dan Cuaca.
Besar temperatur keluaran lebih kecil dari temperatur
masukannya, hal ini karena adanya perubahan aliran
yang bergerak di sekitar kolektor.
Temperatur masukan tertinggi mencapai 650C pada pukul
13:45 pada kolektor plat datar dengan spesifikasi standar
komersial.
Temperatur keluar tertinggi pada kolektor plat datar
dengan spesifikasi standar komersial mencapai 660C pada
pukul 13:30.
Efisiensi kolektor di hitung dengan rumus :
Efisiensi tertinggi pada plat datar dengan spesifikasi
standar komersial mencapai 70% dan efisiensi terendah
mencapai 64%.
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
27. Untuk memperjelas faktor tempat sebaiknya
dalam satu kelompok mengamati dua kondisi
yang berbeda dalam satu waktu.
Memperhatikan keadaan pipa-pipa
penghubung kekolektor agar sebelum
digunakan dapat mengetahui kebocoran
pada pipa karena dapat mempengaruhi
pengambilan data masukkan.
Menggunakan data logger agar data yang
akan diambil lebih akurat dan lebih banyak.
Wulan Ari Kristanti Universitas Negeri Jakarta
But the question remains—Why go to all this trouble?
Reflected text and animated spotlight(Intermediate)To reproduce the text effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in theSlides group, click Layout, and then click Blank.On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box, and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box and select the text. On the Home tab, in the Font group, do the following:In the Font list, select Arial Black.In the Font Size box, enter 50.Click Bold. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Center to center the text in the text box.Select the text box. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles, click the Format Text Effects dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box,click Text Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Text Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Linear.Click the button next to Direction, and then click Linear Down (first row, second option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear in the slider.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:In the Position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 35% (third row, second option from the left).Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1 (first row, second option from the left).Also in the Format Text Effects dialog box,click 3-D Format in the left pane, and then do the following in the 3-D Format pane:Under Bevel, click the button next to Top, and then under Bevel click Circle (first row, first option from the left). Next to Top, in the Width box, enter 10 pt, and in the Height box, enter 2.5 pt.Under Depth, click the button next to Color, and then select Automatic. Under Contour, click the button next to Color, click More Colors, and then in the Colors dialog box, on the Custom tab, enter values for Red: 68,Green: 113,Blue: 166. In the Sizebox, enter 0.5 pt.Under Surface, click the button next to Material, and then under Standard clickMetal (fourth option from the left). Click the button next to Lighting, and then under Neutral click Contrasting (second row, second option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 75°.Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects, point to Reflection, and then under Reflection Variations click Half Reflection, touching (first row, second option from the left).Drag the text box above the middle of the slide.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange, point to Align, and then do the following:Click Align to Slide.Click Align Center.To reproduce the shape effects on this slide, do the following:On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes, and then under Basic Shapes click Oval (first row, second option from the left). On the slide, drag to draw an oval.Select the oval. Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, do the following:In the Height box, enter 1.1”. In the Width box, enter 2.31”.With the oval still selected, on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the Format Shape dialog box launcher. In the Format Shape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until three stops appear in the slider.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:In the Position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colorsclick White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 21%.Select the next stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 51%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colorsclick White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 73%.Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colorsclick Black, Text 1 (first row, first option from the left).In the Transparency box, enter 100%.Under the Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Shapes Styles group, do the following:Click the arrow next to Shape Outline, and then click No Outline.Click Shape Effects, point to Soft Edges,and then click 25 Point.On the slide, drag the oval until it is centered on the first letter in the text box.To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:On the slide, select the oval. On the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Fade click Entrance.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Duration box, enter 1.00.Also on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Exit, click Fade.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Delay box, enter 4.00.In the Duration box, enter 1.00.Also on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Delay box, enter 5.00.In the Duration box, enter 1.00.Also on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then under Exit click Fade.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Delay box, enter 7.00.In the Duration box, enter 1.00.Also on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Add Animation, and then click More Motion Paths. In the Add Motion Path dialog box, under Lines & Curves, click Right.Also on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click the Effect Options dialog box launcher. In the Right dialog box, do the following:On the Effect tab, under Settings, select Auto-reverse.On the Timing tab, do the following:In theStart list, selectWith Previous.In the Delay box, enter 0.In the Duration list, select 2 seconds (Medium).In the Repeat list, select 2.On the slide, select the motion path. Point to the endpoint (red arrow) of the motion path until the cursor becomes a two-headed arrow, press and hold SHIFT, and then drag the endpoint to the center of the last letter in the text box. To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left).Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear in the slider.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:In the Position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 5% (second row, first option from the left).Select the last stop in the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under Theme Colors click Black, Text 1, Lighter 35% (third row, second option from the left).
