WASH 2011 conference: Naomi Carrard, Institute for Sustainable Futures

1. Tim Brennan and John McKibbin THINK CHANGE DO TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY FOR URBAN SANITATION Selecting sanitation systems in Can Tho, Vietnam NAOMI CARRARD WASH 2011 Brisbane

2. Sanitation for new urban areas Case study – Can Tho, Vietnam Comparison of centralised and decentralised Peri-urban, increasing population Mekong River What matters when making decisions about urban sanitation?

3. Acknowledgements Others at ISFJuliet Willetts, Monique Retamal, Mick Paddon and Cynthia Mitchell Can Tho UniversityNguyen DinhGiang Nam, Nguyen Hieu Trung Can Tho Water Supply and Sewerage Company Mr Do XuanThuy (national coordinator) AusAID

4. Comparing sanitation options for South Can Tho The study aimed to determine the most ‘fit for purpose’ and sustainable sanitation option

5. What were the results? Combination Resource recovery Decentralised Centralised Combination centralised/decentralised preferred for life-cycle costs and broader sustainability

6. 3 key findings from our research for sustainability of urban sanitation 1. Compare options using life cycle costs 2. Consider resource implications 3. Make sustainability part of the process

7. Compare options using life-cycle costs 1 74% of funds needed to meet MDG WASH targets is for maintenance and replacement of existing infrastructure (IRC 2011)

8. Compare options using life-cycle costs 1 Options 2 (decentralised) and 3 (combination) had the lowest O&M and overall costs The timing of investment required is important Who pays? Capital and operating costs borne by different agencies

9. Consider resource implications 2 Water, energy and nutrients (P, N)

10. Consider resource implications 2 Majority of ongoing energy use and costs relate to pumping

11. Consider resource implications 2 Predicted revenue from fertiliser sales more than covered annual operation and maintenance costs

12. Make sustainability part of the decision making process 3

13. Make sustainability part of the decision making process 3

14. Make sustainability part of the decision making process 3 “This [sustainability assessment] approach is really detailed, really scientific. I really like it. Using different people’s judgements to come up with an overall answer in a scientific way.”

15. Make sustainability part of the decision making process 3 “I can sit at my desk and make decisions, but there will be no basis for them. Here we have a rationale and analysis to guide the decisions.” Frameworks to guide sustainability assessment are critical for decision making

16. Towards sustainability for urban sanitation 1. Compare options using life cycle costs 2. Consider resource implications 3. Make sustainability part of the process Full technical report available at: http://www.isf.uts.edu.au/publications/Willettsetal2010canthocasestudy.pdf

17. Thank you Naomi Carrard Institute for Sustainable Futures University of Technology, Sydney Naomi.Carrard@uts.edu.au http://www.isf.uts.edu.au/publications/Willettsetal2010canthocasestudy.pdf