Higg's Boson - The GOD particle An Abstract submitted for the prize winning presentation on "CHENMAPH - 2K17" for " PHYSICS PAPER PRESENTATION" on " The GOD particle - Higg's Boson"

1. Created by Theerumalai Ga , GCE-Tirunelveli
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The GOD particle
Introduction:
In the enigmatic world of “Particulate Physics”, there has been an unsolved
mystery regarding the existence of “THE GOD PARTICLE”. But the
impeccable research by eminent scientists has yielded fruitful results about the
existence of the GOD particle – The Higg’s Boson.
What is actually the Higg’s BOSON?
The Higgs boson is a particle that gives mass to other particles. Peter Higgs was
the first person to think of it, and the particle was found in March 2013. It is part
of the Standard Model in physics, which means it is found everywhere. It is one
of the 17 particles in the Standard Model. The Higgs particle is a boson. Bosons
are particles responsible for all physical forces except gravity.Scientists do not
yet know how to combine gravity with the Standard Model.

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It is very difficult to detect the Higgs boson with the equipment and technology
we have now. These particles are believed to exist for less than a septillionth of a
second. Because the Higgs boson has so much mass (compared to other particles),
it takes a lot of energy to create one. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN is the
equipment scientists used to find it. The collider has enough energy that it is able
to make Higgs bosons. When you smash particles together, there is a small chance
a Higgs Boson will appear, so the Large Hadron Collider smashed lots of particles
together to find it.
In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a boson with no spin, electric
charge, or colour charge. It is also very unstable, decaying into other
particles almost immediately. It is a quantum excitation of one of the four
components of the Higgs field
What if all particles have no inherent mass, but instead gain mass
by passing through a field?
This field, known as a Higgs field, could affect different particles in different
ways. Photons could slide through unaffected, while W and Z bosons would get
bogged down with mass. In fact, assuming the Higgs boson exists, everything
that has mass gets it by interacting with the all-powerful Higgs field, which
occupies the entire universe. Like the other fields covered by the standard model,
the Higgs one would need a carrier particle to affect other particles, and that
particle is known as the Higgs boson.
Scientists think each of the four fundamental ones has its own specific bosons.
Electromagnetic fields, for instance, depend on the photon to transit
electromagnetic force to matter. Physicists think the Higgs boson might have a
similar function -- but transferring mass itself.
Who discovered it?
The Pioneers in this research are Professor Peter Higgs, Francois Englert, Robert
Brout(died) and their team throughout the years of research

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Eventhough the word ‘BOSON’ owes it’s name to an eminent scientist from
India called Satyendranath Bose, the name remained unsung.
When was it discovered and how?
On July 4, 2012, scientists working with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
announced their discovery of a particle that behaves the way the Higgs
boson should behave. The results, while published with a high degree of
certainty, are still somewhat preliminary. Some researchers are calling the
particle "Higgslike" until the findings -- and the data -- stand up to more
scrutiny. Regardless, this finding could usher in a period of rapid discovery
about our universe.
By smashing protons together hard and fast enough, the LHC will
cause protons to break apart into smalleratomic subparticles. These
tiny subparticles are very unstable and only exist for a fraction of a
second before decaying or recombining with other subparticles. But
according to the Big Bang theory, all matter in the early universe
consisted of these tiny subparticles. As the universe expanded and
cooled, these particles combined to form larger particles like
protons and neutrons
The LARGE HADRON COLLIDOR:
One hundred meters (or about 328 feet) underground, beneath the border
between France and Switzerland, there's a circular machine that might reveal to
us the secrets of the universe. Or, according to some people, it could destroy all
life on Earth instead. One way or another, it's the world's largest machine and it
will examine the universe's tiniest particles. It's the Large Hadron Collider
(LHC).

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The LHC is part of a project helmed by the European Organization for Nuclear
Research, also known as CERN. The LHC joins CERN's accelerator complex
outside of Geneva, Switzerland. Once it's switched on, the LHC will hurl beams
of protons and ions at a velocity approaching the speed of light. The LHC will
cause the beams to collide with each other, and then record the resulting
events caused by the collision. Scientists hope that these events will tell us more
about how the universe began and what it's made of.
The LHC is the most ambitious and powerful particle accelerator built to date.
Thousands of scientists from hundreds of countries are working together -- and
competing with one another -- to make new discoveries. Six sites along the LHC's
circumference gather data for different experiments. Some of these experiments
overlap, and scientists will be trying to be the first to uncover important new
information.
The purpose of the Large Hadron Collider is to increase our knowledge about the
universe.
Why is the ‘GOD’ particle so important?
The Higgs boson particle may answer questions about mass. Why does matter
have mass? Scientists have identified particles that have no mass, such
as neutrinos. Why should one kind of particle have mass and another lack it?

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Scientists have proposed many ideas to explain the existence of mass. The
simplest of these is the Higgs mechanism. This theory says that there may be a
particle and a corresponding mediating force that would explain why some
particles have mass. The theoretical particle has never been observed and may
not even exist. Some scientists hope the events created by the LHC will also
uncover evidence for the existence of the Higgs boson particle. Others hope that
the events will provide hints of new information we haven't even considered yet.
Practical and Technological Impact:
As yet, there are no known immediate technological benefits of finding the Higgs
particle. However, a common pattern for fundamental discoveries is for practical
applications to follow later, once the discovery has been explored further, at
which point they become the basis for new technologies of importance to society.
The challenges in particle physics have furthered major technological progress of
widespread importance. For example, the World Wide Web began as a project to
improve CERN's communication system. CERN's requirement to process
massive amounts of data produced by the Large Hadron Collider also led to
contributions to the fields of distributed and cloud computing.
Conclusion:
It’s just a stepping stone in understanding the UNIVERSE. Many inherent
researches are yet to be done. So keep your fingers crossed to know more…