CCNA part 2 ip addressing

1. IP
ADDRESSING

2. IP ADDRESS
• IP addressing is logical addressing.
• Ip addressing works on Network Layer.
• Ip addressing have a two version scheme:-
1. IP V4 :-32-Bit
2. IP V6 :-128-Bit
• Current used Version is IP V4.
I.e. Four octet:- 8-Bit . 8-Bit . 8-Bit . 8-Bit

3. MAC ADDRESS
• Media Access Controller.
• MAC addressing in called Physical addressing.
• MAC addressing works in Data-link Layer.
• 48-Bit =
24-bit (Vendor code) + 24 –bit (Unique value).

4. IP Terminology
• Bit:- A bit is one digit, either a 1 or a 0
• Byte:- A byte is a 7 or 8 bits, depending on
whether parity is used.
• Octet:- An octet, made up of 8 bits.
• Network Address:- It is starting ip address of
network. And it is identity of that network.
• Broadcast address:- It is a last IP address of
network. And is used to send information to all
nodes on a network.

5. Total IP addressing scheme is divided
into 5 classes:-
• Class A :- LAN & WAN.
• Class B :- LAN & WAN.
• Class C :- LAN & WAN.
• Class D:- Multicasting.
• Class E :- R & D (E.g:- DoD).

6. •To identify the range of each class a bit called
priority bit is used.
• Priority bit is the left most bit in the first
octet.
Priority Bit
• Class A :- 0
• Class B :- 10
• Class C :- 110
• Class D :- 1110
• Class E :- 1111

7. CLASS A
• For class A first bit of first octet reserved
for 0
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx
• Range for class A:-
0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
• Valid Range is 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
• 0.0.0.0 and 127.0.0.0 are reserved for
troubleshooting.

8. CLASS B
• For class B first two bit of first octet
reserved for 10
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx
• Range for class B:-
128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255

9. CLASS C
• For class C first three bits of first octet
reserved for 110
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx
• Range for class C:-
192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255

10. CLASS D
• For class D first Four bits of first octet
reserved for 1110
1110xxxx.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx
• Range for class D:-
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

11. CLASS E
• For class E first four bits of first octet
reserved for 1111
1111xxxx.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx
• Range for class E:-
240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

12. IP Address is divided in to Network
and Host Portion:-
Subnetmask
• CLASS A:- N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0
• CLASS B:- N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0
• CLASS C:- N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0
Subnet mask contain only network address.

13. CLASS A :-Networks & Hosts
• Network Bits:- 8-Bits
• No. of N/W =2^(8-1)
(-1 For priority bit)
• =128-2=126 N/W.
(-2 for 0 & 127)
• Host Bits:- 24-Bits
• No. of Host=2^24- 2
=16777216-2
=16777214 host/net.
(-2 for Network ID &
Broadcast ID).

14. CLASS B :-Networks & Hosts
• Network Bits:- 16-Bits
• No. of N/W =2^(16-2)
(-2 For priority bit)
=16384 N/W.
• Host Bits:- 16-Bits
• No. of Host=2^16- 2
=65536-2
=65534 host/net.
(-2 for Network ID &
Broadcast ID).

15. CLASS C :-Networks & Hosts
• Network Bits:-24-Bits
• Host Bits:- 8-Bits
• No. of N/W =2^(24-3)
• No. of Host=2^8- 2
(-3 for priority bit)
=256-2
=2097152 N/W.
=254 host/net.
(-2 for Network ID &
Broadcast ID).

16. Private IP Address:-
• There are certain IP address in each class which are
reserved for LAN.
• These address are called private address.
• These can be used for Home and Office network which are
not connected to the internet.
• Class A:- 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
• Class B :- 172.16.0.0. To 172.31.255.255
• Class C :- 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255