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Dicam post-trattamento_case study
1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Ambientale Meccanica
Corso di Laurea Magistrale
in Ingegneria per l’Ambiente e il Territorio
Indagine sperimentale sui processi di rimozione dell’azoto
dal digestato di origine zootecnica
Relatore Laureando
Prof. Dott. Ing. Gianni Andreottola Alice Limoli
University of Trento
Department of Civil, Environmental
And Mechanical Engineering
Soluzioni integrate
per il post-trattamento digestato: Case Study
BIOGAS IN AREE ALPINE
KLIMAENERGY 26-28 Marzo 2015
Prof. Dr. Gianni Andreottola
Ing. Michela Langone, PhD
Ing. Alice Limoli
2. UNITN research fields
Anaerobic digestion and Co-digestion
OFMSW pre-treatment
Phytodepuration
Reduction of sewage sludge production
Respirometric techniques
Conventional biological treatments for carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen removal:
SBR, MBR, MBBR, etc
Innovative biological treatments: Partial Nitritation, Anammox, sulphate
reduction, autotrophic denitrification
Ammonia removal chemical processes: conventional and
nonconventional air stripping
Improvement of Sludge biodegradability for AD: Hydrodynamic cavitation system
3. Aim
CASE STUDY:
• Monitoring a post-treatment plant of manure
digestate
• The current post-treatment produces compost and
a liquid fraction applied to agricultural land
• Collaboration with AlpiBiogas, Atzwanger
(improvement of post-treatments), Univeristy of
Bozen and Innsbruck (management of the DENI-
DEMON pilot plant)
4. AGENDA
• Anaerobic digestion plant description
• Characherization of digestate
• Digestate post-treatment plant description
• Results and efficency of the current post-treatment
• Increase of ammonia removal efficiency proposal
• Introduction to DENI-DEMON pilot plant
8. DIGESTATE USES
• Monitored land application
Only if the ingestate
is composed of animal
wastesaters or waste
of fruit and vegetables
industry
Nitrates directive
• Composting
Production of organic fertilizer that can
be sold according to the provisions of law
75/2010
• Sewage treatment
In sewage system or surface water
9. • Screw press
• Oxidation tank
• Centrifuge
• Equalization tank
• DAF (dissolved air flotation)
POST-TREATMENT PLANT SCHEME
• Compost
• Liquid fraction to agricoltural land
Two valuable products:
10. Digestate treatment plant scheme
Solid fraction
removal
efficiency
SCREW PRESS CENTRIFUGE DAF
ηST real 22% 48% 58%
ηST theoretical 32-35% 62% 60%
POST-TREATMENT PLANT EFFICIENCY
14.500 ton/year of solid fraction sent to composting plant
High use of coagulant (FeCl3)
11. Digestate treatment plant scheme
Nitrogen Removal
efficiency
OXIDATION TANK
WHOLE TREATMENT
PLANT
ηTAN 21% 51%
ηTKN 17% 59%
POST-TREATMENT PLANT EFFICIENCY
600 ha/year in NVZ (170 kgN/ ha year)
300 ha/year in OZ (340 kgN/ha year )
12. POST-TREATMENT PLANT EFFICIENCY
• Low nitrogen ( 20%) removal efficiency in the biological reactor, mainly
due to ammonia stripping:
High solid content in the biological reactor
(45 gTS/L) and high temperature (30°C)
allow cell lysis, that increase the pH of the
reactor up to 8,5
The high pH and the high temperature causes
the ammonia gas formation
NH4
+ NH3(gas) +H+
The mixing and aeration conditions in the
biological reactor cause
ammonia stripping
• Ammonia removal in the in the whole system is higher than in the biological
reactor, due to ammonia stripping during the separation phases
Indagine!sperimentale!sui!processi!di!rimozione!dell’azoto!dal!digestato!di!origine!zootecnica!
!
!
Figura!3.!20!Aspetti!biochimici!e!termodinamici!dei!sistemi!ATAD!
!
La! Figura! 3.! 20! rappresenta! in! modo! schematico! le! reazioni! che! avvengono! all’inter
reattore!ATAD.!
Per! mantenere! il! regime! operativo! microaerobico! è! necessaria! un’elevata! effic
trasferimento! dell’ossigeno.! In! caso! di! trasferimento! troppo! basso! di! ossigeno! si!
formazione!di!condizioni!anaerobiche,!mentre!in!condizioni!di!eccessiva!aerazione!si!può
eccessivo!abbassamento!della!temperatura.!
Il! rilascio! in! atmosfera! di! anidride! carbonica! è,! nel! caso! della! digestione! termofila,!
• Low efficiency of solid remove in the centrifuge and a high use of coagulant (FeCl3)
that consume alkaninity
14. PROPOSAL FOR HIGHER AMMONIA
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
PILOT PLANT Experimentation University of Innsbruck, Trento & Bozen
AIM:
Reduce the agricoltural land necessary to application
or
Discharge in sewage system
HOW? :
Innovative biological treatment Partial Nitrification and Anammox
process
NH4
+ NO2
- NO3
-1.5O2
0.5O2
AOB
Autotrophic Bacteria
NOB
NH4
+
NO3
-
N2
Autotrophic Bacteria
1.32NO2
-
< 60% Oxigen consumption
Less sludge production
PARTIAL
NITRIFICATION
ANAMMOX
15. INNOVATIVE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
PILOT PLANT Experimentation University of Innsbruck, Trento & Bozen
DENI – DEMON Process
applied to the liquid fraction of digestate
(output of centrifuge or flotation)
• DENI tank
where denitrification
is performed to remove
the residual COD
• DEMON reactor
where Partial Nitrification
and anammox are performed
to remove NH4
• Discharge tank
DEMONDENI DISCHARGE
TANK
16. INNOVATIVE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
PILOT PLANT Experimentation University of Innsbruck, Trento & Bozen
DENI – DEMON Process monitoring
December 2014 - January 2015
DEMONDENI DISCHARGE
TANK
17. INNOVATIVE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
PILOT PLANT Experimentation University of Innsbruck, Trento & Bozen
DENI – DEMON Process
applied to the liquid fraction of digestate
(output of centrifuge or flotation)
TAN removal efficency TN removal efficency
18.12.2014 93% 92,7%
7.01.2015 86% 86,2%
14.01.2015 85% 84,5%
22.01.2015 81% 80,6%
TAN removal efficency TN removal efficency
18.12.2014 63% 63%
7.01.2015 44% 43%
14.01.2015 36% 34%
22.01.2015 51% 47%
Nitrogen Removal Efficiency
DENI-DEMON process
Nitrogen Removal Efficiency
DEMON process
18. INNOVATIVE BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
PILOT PLANT Experimentation University of Innsbruck, Trento & Bozen
DENI – DEMON Process
• Several biological processes are involved simultaneously both in the
DENI and in the DEMON reactor: denitrification, anammox and
Nitritation, as can be observed from monitoring data.
• The biological processes involved did not reach a steady state and
Nitrite accumulation occurred in the DEMON reactor
• Disease causes:
- high solid concentration in the effluent to treat, that accumulate in
the reactor
- low alkalinity content, that limit biological processes due to ferric
chloride use in the centrifuge
• Possible improvement to the treatment scheme:
• Replace the centrifuge with a membrane module, avoiding the
utilization of polyelectrolyte. This can ensure a lower solid content
and a higher alkalinity content in the effluent to treat.
19. PROPOSAL FOR HIGHER AMMONIA
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
AIM:
Reduce the agricoltural land necessary to application
Discharge in sewage system
HOW? :
Integration of sequential technological solutions Two steps process
WHICH? :
First step: Conventional or nonconventional air stripping
(N removal efficiency 80-90%)
+
Second step: Conventional or Innovative Biological treatment
(N removal efficiency 60-90%)
20. AIR STRIPPING
First step
Lab - Experimentation at the University of Trento
CONVENTIONAL AIR STRIPPING
applied to the liquid fraction of digestate
Lower solid content=15g/L
“Packing” air stripping column
pH=11.5
T=20°C
Recycles n. 8
Ammonia efficiency average = 50-60%
NONCONVENTIONAL AIR STRIPPING
applied to the raw digestate
Higher solid content=50g/L
“Sequencing batch reactor” with a mixed phase
pH=10-11
T=20-30°C
HRT=3days
Ammonia efficiency average>90%
21. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Second step
CONVENTIONAL BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
NITRIFICATION + DENITRIFICATION + with external carbon sources
Disadvantages
High oxygen consumption;
High sludge production;
External carbon source required.
NONCONVENTIONAL BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
PRE-DENITRIFICATION + PARTIAL NITRITATION + ANAMMOX
DENI - DEMON PROCESS
Advantages
Low oxygen consumption, as the nitrification is stopped to nitrite;
Low sludge production, mainly autotrophic processes;
No external carbon source required.
22. CONCLUSION
The DENI-DEMON process directly applyed to the
liquid fraction of the digestate did not reached the
stability due to the alkalinity limitation and the high
solid content. Further experimentation is needed.
Dewatering system and N-removal have strong
interaction.
In order to reach a high ammonia removal efficiency
(>90%) a sequential two step process is proposed,
composed by stripping and biological process.
23. THANKS FOR THE ATTENTION!
QUESTIONS?
CONTACT:
Prof. Gianni Andreottola
gianni.andreottola@ing.unitn.it
Ing. Michela Langone, PhD
michela.langone@ing.unitn.it
Ing. Alice Limoli
alicelimoli@yahoo.it
http://www.ing.unitn.it/~lisa/
BIOGAS IN AREE ALPINE
KLIMAENERGY26-28 Marzo 2015
24. • Mass balance
• Membrane
• Pilot plant monitoring
• Pilot plant analyses
• New plant scheme
26. DIGESTATE TREATMENT PLANT MONITORING
Digestate treatment plant scheme
DIGESTATE
Sampling data Mass balance data
ST 74,9 65,1 g/l
TKN 6802,8 5058,6 mg/l
TAN 5258,4 4451,4 mg/l
SCREW PRESS LIQUID FRACTION
Sampling data Mass balance data
ST 58,5 48,0 g/l
TKN 6902,2 5263,7 mg/l
TAN 5236,6 4463,1 mg/l
Norganico 1665,5 800,6 mg/l
OXIDATION TANK
Sampling data Mass balance data
ST 45,4 50,0 g/l
TKN 5717,5 5265,5 mg/l
TAN 4151 4445,0 mg/l
Norganico 1566,5 1220,5 mg/l
CENTRIFUGE LIQUID FRACTION
Sampling data Mass balance data
ST 31,0 22,0 g/l
TAN 3043 4205,1 mg/l
EQUALIZATION TANK
Sampling data Mass balance data
ST 27,5 22,0 g/l
TAN 3445,0 4205,1 mg/l
DAF LIQUID FRACTION
Sampling data Mass balance data
SST 11,4 10,0 g/l
TAN 3020,3 3418,2 mg/l