1. The Pulse of Europe: 20 Years After the Fall of the Berlin Wall Principal Findings November 2, 2009

2. Countries Surveyed Pew Global Attitudes Project

4. Opinions of German Reunification 1991* 2009 Change East Germany % % Positive 89 81 -8 Negative 8 16 +8 West Germany Positive 79 77 -2 Negative 15 20 +5 Pew Global Attitudes Project * In 1991, the question wording was slightly different

5. How Life Has Changed as a Result of Unification West Germany East Germany Pew Global Attitudes Project

7. Age Gaps in Life Satisfaction % High (7-10) Poland Czech Rep. Slovakia Hungary 1991 2009 1991 2009 1991 2009 1991 2009 % % % % % % % % 18-29 13 50 21 51 9 58 11 23 30-49 13 52 20 57 13 47 6 17 50-64 8 40 32 45 11 32 7 10 65+ 15 29 19 38 NA* 28 7 9 Bulgaria Lithuania Ukraine Russia 1991 2009 1991 2009 1991 2009 1991 2009 % % % % % % % % 18-29 3 28 14 44 7 39 8 41 30-49 3 15 17 35 6 27 9 40 50-64 4 13 8 30 11 16 6 28 65+ 5 8 13 29 NA* 15 3 25 Pew Global Attitudes Project * Figures not shown because there are too few respondents in this age group.

8. People Worse Off Economically Than Under Communism? Pew Global Attitudes Project

9. Who Benefited From Changes Since 1989/1991? Ordinary Business people owners Politicians % Great deal/fair amount % % % Czech Rep. 53 86 94 Poland 42 85 92 Russia 21 85 86 Slovakia 21 81 97 Hungary 17 63 89 Bulgaria 11 82 94 Ukraine 10 82 92 In Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria, respondents were asked about changes since 1989. In Ukraine and Russia, respondents were asked about changes since 1991. Pew Global Attitudes Project

10. Democratic Government vs. Strong Leader Pew Global Attitudes Project

11. Age Gaps on Approval of Changes to Democracy and Capitalism % Approve of Oldest- change to… youngest Multiparty 18-29 30-49 50-64 65+ gap system % % % % Russia 65 60 46 27 -38 Bulgaria 56 61 51 37 -19 Czech Rep. 87 82 76 70 -17 Poland 76 76 65 60 -16 Lithuania 59 58 56 43 -16 Hungary 60 59 55 45 -15 Ukraine 34 39 22 20 -14 Slovakia 74 76 65 65 -9 East Germany 90 85 86 81 -9 Pew Global Attitudes Project

12. Nationalist Sentiment in Russia Agree Disagree DK It is a great misfortune % % % that the Soviet Union no longer exists 58 38 5 Russia should be for Russians 54 43 3 1991 26 69 6 It is natural for Russia to have an empire 47 35 18 1991 37 43 19 Pew Global Attitudes Project

13. Parts of Neighboring Countries Belong to Us! % Agree 1991 2009 Change % % Bulgaria 52 66 + 14 Hungary 70 61 -9 Russia 22 58 + 36 Poland 60 51 -9 Lithuania 46 40 -6 Czech Rep. 42 40 -2 Slovakia 34 29 -5 Ukraine 24 24 0 Germany 39 30 -9 West 43 31 -12 East 25 24 -1 Italy 29 48 + 19 Spain 48 41 -7 Britain 20 29 + 9 France 12 25 + 13 Pew Global Attitudes Project