2. EMF, Terminal Voltage & Internal Resistance:
ο More bulb in parallel it will more dimmer.
ο More current drawn leads to voltage drop!
ο For understanding this we have to know EMF.
ο EMF= Electromotive Force; Itβs an energy.
ο EMF is the maximum P.D between two electrodes when no
current is drawn from a cell or it is the amount of energy
deliver per unit electric charge by a power source.
ο Charges moves through the battery get resistance which called
Internal Resistance.
ο Due to Internal resistance heat is generated.
ο The P.D across the load when the ckt is closed.
π½π» = π β π°π
3. Faradayβs Law:
ο In 1831 M. Faraday report some experiments.
1. Expt: Move a loop of wire through a non uniform magnetic field.
2. Expt: Move a magnet but this time hold the loop still.
3. Expt: Both the loop and magnet is at rest but the magnetic field intensity is change
with time.
ο From all the experiments we get a same result, that there is current is flowing through
the wire with changing magnetic field.
ο i.e.; there is create a electric field whenever there change the magnetic flux.
ο So a current is flowing.
5. Self Induction:
ο A current caring coil can produce a magnetic field around it.
ο By Faradayβs law changing magnetic flux can create an induce EMF.
ο But by Lenzβs law induce EMF will oppose the change of current.
ο The phenomenon of production of opposing EMF in a coil when current through the
coil changes is called Self Induction.
6. π β πΌ
ππ = πΏπΌ
οWhere L is the coefficient of self induction.
οIf changing current through the coil of N
turns produced self induce emf then it will be
π = βπ
ππ
ππ‘
π = βπΏ
ππΌ
ππ‘
7. Mutual Inductance:
οFor changing current in coil 1 there will be changing magnetic flux though the coil 2.
οFor changing magnetic flux there will induce an emf in coil 2.
οSo there will be current flowing in such direction that the magnetic field produce by this
current oppose the parental magnetic field.
οThis property of two neighbouring coils that any change of current in flowing in the
other developing mutually induced emf called as Mutual Induction.
8. ππ = βπ2
ππ2
ππ‘
ππ = βπ
ππΌ1
ππ‘
π2π2 β πΌ1
π2π2 = ππΌ1
M is called coefficient of mutual inductance.
ο If a changing current in coil A produces mutually induced emf in coil B then -