Project presentation on wireless lpg leakage detector
1. PROJECT PRESENTATION ON
WIRELESS LPG LEAKAGE
DETECTOR
BY
ASIGRI PETER - 5884411
BRONI GEOFFREY OKYERE - 5885911
ASANTE MICHAEL - 5884211
SUPERVISED BY MR. E. K. ANTO
2. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
• Leakage of LPG can be dangerous as it raises the risk of
building fire, suffocation or an explosion.
• For every 20L volume of air, 2% to 10% of LPG in air is
enough to cause an explosion. [1]
• The Chiba Oil Refinery fire incident in japan on 11th March,
2011 which caused six injuries and destroyed all 17 LPG
tanks comes to mind. [2]
• In such a case, a gas leakage detector becomes vital and
helps to protect people from the dangers of gas leakage.
• Thus, our project is aimed at designing and building a
wireless LPG leakage detector.
3. INTRODUCTION CONT’D
The primary objectives of this project are to:
• Review existing designs of gas leakage detector with
emphasis on the wireless type.
• Provide literature on gas sensors.
• Provide literature on the building blocks of the detection
and transmission, and receiving modules of a typical
wireless gas leakage detector.
• Design, build and test one for LPG.
4. REVIEW ON EXISTING DESIGNS
Review 1: Project done by R. Sreenidhi[3]
• MQ6 was used to sense LPG
• ADC was used to convert analogue signals to digital
Fig. 1. Block diagram of an automated LPG gas leakage detector and control
5. REVIEW ON EXISTING DESIGNSCONT’D
Review 2: work conducted by V. Ramya and B. Palaniappan
[4]
NNNNN
• Two sensors were used but one could have sufficed
• A UART was used to enhance Receiving and
Transmission of signals
• PIC microcontroller was used to coordinate operations
6. REVIEW ON EXISTING DESIGNSCONT’D
Review 3:Work done by Sunithaa jet al[5]
• A load cell was added to take varying values and converts them to a
variable voltage or output current
Fig.4 LPG leakage monitoring system
7. REVIEW ON EXISTING DESIGNSCONT’D
Review 4: Work done by S. Rajitha et al [6]
• An LPC microcontroller was used and an LCD display was used.
Fig. 6 Microcontroller controlled LPG leakage detector using LPC2148
8. THEORY
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
MICROCONTROLLER
• The AT MEGA 128 is an 8 bit microcontroller. AT
MEGA 128 was chosen because of its low cost, low-
power, high-performance CMOS 8-
bitmicrocontroller of Atmel’s MEGA AVR family with
16K bytes of flash programmable and erasable read
only memory (EPROM) [7]. The microcontroller (AT
MEGA 128) works on 5V DC supplied to it from an
external DC source. It comes with an internally built
ADC which converts analogue signals to digital
9. SENSING CIRCUIT (MQ5)
•The sensing circuit consists of an MQ5 sensor
which senses LPG leakage of the order 200ppm
to 1000ppm (capable of causing explosions)
and is connected to the microcontroller to be
supplied with 5V DC. MQ 5 gas sensor was
chosen over other MQ S because it is suitable
for detecting LPG and natural gas [8]
10. GSM TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT
• This circuit is made up of the GSM SIM 300 MODEM and
powered by 12 dc fed from a rectifier. This GSM modem
can accept any GSM network operator SIM card and act
just like a mobile phone with its own unique phone
number. Applications like SMS control, data transfer,
remote control and logging can be developed easily [9].
The GSM which sends the text message “gas leakage
detected” to responsible parties this GSM module was
employed over other sims due to the following reasons:
• It is versatile and can accept any GSM network operator
11. GSM TRANSMISSION CIRCUIT
• It has a greater flexibility in its usage
• It comes with an added antenna for better reception
and propagation of signals
• It has a low cost
12. POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT
•This circuit is made up of one 9V dc battery
which supply power to the microcontroller
and a 12 volt dc voltage supplied from a
rectifier. The 9V is stepped down for the use
of the microcontroller which in turn supplies
the sensor, the fan and the buzzer.
13. THREAT AWARENESS AND MITIGATION CIRCUIT
•This consist of the buzzer, the LED and the
fan.
15. HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS
• When gas leakage of a detectable quantity of 200ppm
to 1000ppm capable of causing explosion which
corresponds to 10KΩ to 47KΩ (20 KΩ is ideal) is
sensed by the MQ 5 sensor (which is capable of
detecting natural gas in addition to LPG), an analogue
signal is sent to the microcontroller from the sensor.
An in-built ADC in the microcontroller converts the
analogue gas signals into digital signals. For a
detectable gas leakage quantity, a digital high (1) is
transmitted while a digital low (0) is transmitted for a
non-detectable quantity.
16. HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS CONT’D
•This quantized high signal turns on a
buzzer to alert neighbours of possible
danger so they can react to diffuse the
situation. The signal also turns on an LED
to show danger. An automatically pre-
programmed message is then sent to
concerned parties via the GSM module to
inform them about the situation at home.
21. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
In conclusion;
• A review of existing designs of gas leakage detector with
emphasis on the wireless type has been done .
• A provision of a literature on gas sensor has been given.
• A provision of a literature on the building blocks of the
detection and transmission, and receiving modules of a
typical wireless gas leakage detector.
• A test of LPG leakage has been conducted for the build
system.
22. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• To make this project more comprehensive, the
following could be addressed in further works
pertaining to this project
To make the reduction of concentration of the LPG
more efficient, an extractor should be used in place of
the fan because it would then take the leaked gas out
of the room thus reduce the concentration of the gas.
A valve should be placed at the nozzle of the cylinder
to stop any further leakage.
23. REFERENCES
• [1] Haduch, B. "Praca w laboratorium badawczym a strefy zagrożenia wybuchem.
Część I. Laboratorium badawcze LPG." Nafta-gaz 67 (2011): 581-587.
• [2] www.cosmo-oil.co.jp/ng/press/110802/
• [3] R. Sreenidhi, International Conference On Technological Advances In Electrical,
Electronics Engineering, 8th September, 2013, Chennai, ISBN: 978-93-83060-13-9
• [4] V. Ramya, B. Palaniappan, “Embedded System For Hazardous Gas Detection And
Alerting” International Journal Of Distributed And Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol.3,
No.3, May 2012
• [5] Sunithaa. J, Sushmitha. D, “Embedded Control System For LPG Leakage
Detection And Prevention” International Conference On Computing And Control
Engineering (ICCCE 2012), 12 & 13 April, 2012
• [6] S. Rajitha, T. Swapna, “Security Alert System Using GSM For Gas Leakage”
International Journal Of VLSI And Embedded Systems- IJVES
• [7] Http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question537.Html
• [8] Http://WWW.extremeelectronics.co.Uk
![INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
• Leakage of LPG can be dangerous as it raises the risk of
building fire, suffocation or an explosion.
• For every 20L volume of air, 2% to 10% of LPG in air is
enough to cause an explosion. [1]
• The Chiba Oil Refinery fire incident in japan on 11th March,
2011 which caused six injuries and destroyed all 17 LPG
tanks comes to mind. [2]
• In such a case, a gas leakage detector becomes vital and
helps to protect people from the dangers of gas leakage.
• Thus, our project is aimed at designing and building a
wireless LPG leakage detector.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)