Agricultural growth will lead to poverty reduction. The innovation systems concept is a useful way of thinking about how to mobilise knowledge that suits the contemporary agricultural development situation. This requires new forms of capacity development at a systems level, but what is the road map to achieving this?

1. Next Steps for Strengthening Agricultural Innovation Systems A Road Map for Investigators and Investors Andy Hall LINK-United Nations University - MERIT Learning INnovation Knowledge Policy-relevant Resources for Rural Innovation

9. Source: Adapted from Hall et al 2007 Responsiveness to changing contexts Demand pull from farmers Scientists’ need to learn about farmers’ conditions and needs Supply push from research Driver Facilitated interactive innovation, learning and change Joint production of knowledge Modified packages to overcome constraints Technology packages Core element Beyond the farm gate Farm-based Input-output relationships Productivity Scope Co-generate knowledge, processes and innovation Diagnose, experiment, test, adapt Provide information for scientists Learn, adopt, conform Farmers’ roles Key actors among many others Colleagues Objects of study and sources of info Progressive adopters, laggards Farmers seen by scientists as Interact and learn for innovation Collaborate in research Learn through survey Supply through pipeline Mental model of activities NARS as part of AIS NARS as part of AKIS NARS NARIs Organisation focus Work in progress Starting in the 1990s Starting in the 1970s and ’80s From 60’s Era Interactive Learning for Change/ Innovation Systems Farmer First / Farmer Participatory Research Farming Systems Research Transfer of Technology Paradigm Learning INnovation Knowledge Policy-relevant Resources for Rural Innovation

11. Local National Global Scale High Low Ability to cope with change Reflective/ learning evolutionary systems Linear, reductionism Defining processes High Low Use of policy incentives High Low Degree of integration of different knowledge types Many, codified and tacit, including indigenous Few/ codified Knowledge types used High Low Accountability for outcomes Poor people Market Curiosity Responsiveness to different agendas Innovation/ socio-economic change Products/service development Scientific research Organising principle/ scope of task Institutional features 1 2 3 4 5 Institutional features Innovation systems features/ domains [i ]

17. LINKS N O D E S INSTITUTIONS & POLICIES Strong nodes, well linked around market and social welfare themes in regional and global arena Only private/ NGO led innovation Strong nodes, well linked around market and social welfare themes in national arena Only public sector R&D led innovation Learning INnovation Knowledge Policy-relevant Resources for Rural Innovation

18. Pre-planned phase Foundation phase Emergence phase Pilot phase Stagnation phase Dynamic system of innovation phase Nascent phase Initiating interventions Piloting interventions Piloting and building on success interventions Remedial, piloting and building on success interventions Building on success interventions Maintenance interventions Market and other opportunities Rapidly changing threats and opportunities Orchestrated trajectory Opportunity driven trajectory A continuously evolving sub sector delivering economic growth in socially equitable and environmentally sustainable ways

24. LINK is a specialist network of regional innovation policy studies hubs established by the United Nations University-MERIT (UNU-MERIT) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to strengthen the interface between rural innovation studies, policy and practice and to promote North-South and South-South learning on rural innovation. Learning INnovation Knowledge Policy-relevant Resources for Rural Innovation