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electricvehiclebatteries-150130163418-conversion-gate02.pptx
- 1. Type of battery used in commercialized electric vehicles Name :- Gaurang Atul Thakare Roll no.:- TYMEB136 Div :- Mechanical (B) HONORS COURSE BATTERY TECHNOLOGY IE 1 Activity
- 2. Introduction • What is EV Battery? • Battery History • Types of EV Batteries • Charging process and Requirements • Swapping • Examples of EV’s using Different Batteries • Future
- 3. What is EV Battery ? • An EV (electric vehicle) battery is a rechargeable battery that powers an electric vehicle's electric motor. • These batteries are designed to store and deliver electrical energy to the vehicle's motor, providing the power necessary to propel the vehicle. • EV batteries come in various shapes, sizes, and chemistries, and their capacity is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh). The larger the battery capacity, the more energy it can store and the further the vehicle can travel on a single charge. • Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most commonly used type of EV battery due to their high energy density, long lifespan, and relatively low cost.
- 4. EV Battery History • Rechargeable batteries that provided a viable means for storing electricity on board a vehicle did not come into being until 1859, with the invention of the lead-acid battery by French physicist Gaston Planté. • An early electric-powered two-wheel cycle was put on display at the 1867, but it couldn't drive reliably in the street. • First practical Electric car was built by Thomas Parker in 1884.
- 5. EV Battery Requirements • Safe • High Power • High Capacity • Small and Light • Large Format • Long Life • Low Overall Cost
- 6. EV Battery Types Lead-acid • Flooded lead-acid batteries are the cheapest and most common traction batteries available. • There are two main types of lead-acid batteries: automobile engine starter batteries and deep cycle batteries. • Traditionally, most electric vehicles have used lead-acid batteries due to their mature technology, high availability, and low cost. • Lead-acid batteries in EV applications end up being a significant (25–50%) portion of the final vehicle mass. • The efficiency (70–75%)
- 7. Nickel-metal hydride They boast an energy density of 30–80 Wh/kg, far higher than lead-acid. When used properly, nickel-metal hydride batteries can have exceptionally long lives. Present NiMH,RAV4EVs that still operate well after 100,000 miles (160,000 km) and over a decade of service Downsides include the poor efficiency, high self-discharge, very finicky charge cycles, and poor performance in cold weather.
- 8. Zebra or Sodium Battery • The sodium or "zebra" battery uses molten chloroaluminate (NaAlCl4) sodium as the electrolyte. • The Zebra battery boasts an energy density of 120Wh/kg. • The downsides to the Zebra battery include poor power density (<300 W/kg) and the requirement of having to heat the electrolyte to about 270 °C (520 °F). • Zebra batteries have been used in the Modec vehicle commercial vehicle since it entered production in 2006
- 9. Lithium ion • The traditional lithium-ion chemistry involves a lithium cobalt oxide cathode and a graphite anode. • This yields cells with an impressive 200+ Wh/kg energy density and good power density. • 80 to 90% charge/discharge efficiency. • Silicon nanowires, silicon nanoparticles, and tin nanoparticles promise several times the energy density in the anode.
- 10. Charging • Charging time is limited primarily by the capacity of the grid connection. • most batteries do not accept charge at greater than their charge rate ("1C"), because high charge rate has adverse effect on the discharge capacities of batteries. • The charging power can be connected to the car in two ways : -> conductive coupling -> inductive charging
- 11. In Detail • The first is simple as a, mains lead into a weatherproof socket through special high capacity cables with connectors to protect the user from high voltages. • The second approach is that a,special 'paddle' is inserted into a slot on the car. The paddle is one winding of a transformer, while the other is built into the car. When the paddle is inserted it completes a magnetic circuit which provides power to the battery pack.
- 12. Advantages of Charging Systems • The advantage of the inductive approach is that there is no possibility of electrocution as there are no exposed conductors, • Although interlocks, special connectors and ground fault detectors can make conductive coupling nearly as safe. • Inductive charging can also reduce vehicle weight, by moving more charging component off board.
- 13. Examples of EV Using Different Batteries Using NIMH Battery The General Motors EV1 had a range of 75 to 150 miles (240 km) with NiMH batteries in 1999.
- 14. Using Li-ion • New lithium-ion battery -equipped EVs provide 320–480 km (200–300 mi) of range per charge. Lithium is also less expensive than nickel. • Car developed by NISSAN in 2001.
- 15. Swapping • An alternative to recharging is to exchange drained or nearly drained batteries with fully charged batteries. Features of Swapping :- • The consumer is no longer concerned with battery capital cost, life cycle, technology, maintenance, or warrantee issues. • Swapping is far faster than charging: battery swaps equipment built by the firm Better Place. • Swap stations increase the feasibility of distributed energy storage.
- 16. Future Carbon nanotube battery • Alternative is developing a carbon nanotube lead acid battery pack • According to the company, deliver 380 miles (610 km) range and can be recharged in less than 10 minutes. • According to U.S. Energy Secretary Chu, costs for a 40 mile range battery will drop from a price in 2008 of $12K to $3,600 in 2015 and further to $1,500 by 2020.
- 17. Conclusion • Electric Battery Automobiles are really important as they will prevent a major source of increased Global Warming and other natural problems. • The most commonly used type of battery in commercial electric vehicles is lithium-ion batteries. These batteries have become the dominant technology in the EV industry due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low cost. • Other types of batteries, such as nickel-metal hydride and lead-acid batteries, have been used in the past, but they have largely been replaced by lithium-ion batteries due to their better performance and lower weight. • However, there are also ongoing research and development efforts to improve battery technology and explore alternative options such as solid- state batteries and hydrogen fuel cells.