Does the 4 Space Model force changing the mindset in libraries with examples from Dokk1 in Aarhus

1. FUTURE LIBRARY – UNCONFERENCE 2015
How can the Four Space Model inspire to
transform libraries?
Dokk1 Aarhus -
Public Innovation Space
26. November 2015
Knud Schulz

2. Knud Schulz
 Manager of the Main Library in Aarhus
 Daily work focus – transforming the Main Library to
“Urban Mediaspace” – Dokk1
 Librarian and Master of Public Management
 Mentor/Sponsor INELI (International Network of Emerging Library
Innovators) Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
 Member of the client group Urban MediaSpace Aarhus
 Global Innovation Model – Faster to Change. Chicago/Aarhus/IDEO/Gates
 ksc@aarhus.dk
 www.slideshare.net
Knud Schulz November 2015
apx. 28.000 m2
incl. 18.000 m2
library space

3. Library Transformation:
Libraries – the citizen's driving
force for innovation
 All people want to change something in their lives
and to develop themselves and meet information and
knowledge
 Libraries are places where the general public can find
inspiration and meet new ideas, either on their own
within this public sphere, or in the company of others
 Libraries support people with possibilities to make
changes in their life
 How do we sketch the future library transitioning to a
space for citizens and community connections?Knud Schulz November 2015 3

4. Agenda
 The Change
 4 space model
 New Libraries
 Prototyping Dokk1
 Co-creation with the users
 Partnership programming
Knud Schulz November 2015 4

5. Knud Schulz November 2015 5

6. From
information that can be found
anywhere
To
What can only be
experienced at the library
Space for media Space as a media
On-line On site
Information Meaning
Facts Credibility
Meeting information Meeting people
Knowing Experimenting
Visitors Resource person
Neutrality Sensing
Seriousness Sense of humour
Arranged events Things that happen
Ivar Moltke, Create
The Change
6Knud Schulz November 2015

7. The Knowledge Society
 From
 libraries for books/medias
 industial society
 to
 libraries for man/human
 networked/knowledge society
Knud Schulz November 2015 7

8. Force to switch thinking
 New models
 Use tools
 Statements
Knud Schulz November 2015 8

9. The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen
C.H. Rasmussen
H. Jochumsen
Innovation
Reckognition/Experience
Empowerment
Involvement/EngagementKnud Schulz November 2015 9

10. The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen
C.H. Rasmussen
H. Jochumsen
Innovation
Reckognition/Experience
Knud Schulz November 2015 10

11. Inspiration space
 The space for meaningful experiences that is to say
experiences that move us
 The space should open up to the irrational, emotional and
chaotic by communicating a diversion of aesthetic
experiences.
 This can happen through storytelling or other artistic
expressions within all kinds of media, cultural forms and
genres.
 The inspiration space should make the user want to move
beyond the usual choices and to come back.
 The library space in itself may also be an experience and
work as a stage for events and cultural arrangements.
 The inspiration space especially supports realisation
(cognition)/experience and innovation.
Knud Schulz November 2015 11

12. Knud Schulz November 2015 12
Digital media
AppearanceEvents
Individual concentration

13. The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen
C.H. Rasmussen
H. Jochumsen
Reckognition/Experience
Empowerment
Knud Schulz November 2015 13

14. Learning space
 Space where children, young people and adults can experience
and explore the world and thus strengthen their competences
and possibilities through free and easy access to information and
knowledge
 Learning is seen as a dialogue oriented process that is based on
the users’ own experiences and their wishes to define their own
learning needs
 Often takes place in informal settings which do not have learning
as the goal – learning happens through play, music and many
other activities
 Should meet the needs of especially young people for a more
experience oriented learning through the development of
playful, interactive and social learning methods.
 Learning is strengthened through the use of homework cafes,
study places, open courses and experiment areas.
 The learning space especially supports realisation
(cognition)/experience and empowerment.Knud Schulz November 2015 14

15. 15Knud Schulz November 2015
Oplæsning
Billedbøger
BogklubberExplore
Picture book
Reading aloud
Staging

16. Knud Schulz November 2015 16
Undervisning Kurser
Uformel læringKonsulta
Teaching Courses
Informal learningConsultations

17. Knud Schulz November 2015 17
Lektiecafé’erVejlednin
One to one
HomeworkGuidance
Training Access to knowledge

18. The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen
C.H. Rasmussen
H. Jochumsen
Empowerment
Involvement/EngagementKnud Schulz November 2015 18

19. Meeting space
 An open, public space where citizens as a third space between
home and work can meet others who are both as themselves
and different from themselves
 Arenaes, where you can meet other people with different
interests and values and encounter opinions that challenge you
through discussions and debate, are necessary
 In the meeting space both non-committal, random encounters
can take place through lounge décor with newspapers and café
atmosphere as well as more organised meetings
 This can take place both live and on the Internet in chatgroups,
blogs or other social media.
 The meeting space especially supports empowerment and
engagement
Knud Schulz November 2015 19

20. Knud Schulz November 2015 20
MøderDiskussioner
Foredrag DebatterSamvær
Meetings
Lectures
Discussions
DebatesBeing together

21. The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen
C.H. Rasmussen
H. Jochumsen
Innovation
Involvement/EngagementKnud Schulz November 2015 21

22. Performative space
 Users can interact with others for inspiration to create new
creative expressions in the encounter with art and culture
 Users can get access to tools that support their creative
expressions through interactive games and writing-, sound-
and video-workshops
 The users can also get support in their creative expressions
through workshops with professional artists, designers,
multimedia developers etc.
 Can act as a platform for communication by publishing and
distributing the work and products of the users and by
giving access to stages where users can perform and
express themselves.
 The performative space especially supports engagement
and innovation.
Knud Schulz November 2015 22

23. Knud Schulz November 2015 23
Skriveværksteder
Experiment
Leg og læring
Workshops
Workshops Edutainment

24. Knud Schulz November 2015 24
Leg Spil
Gaming
Playing Gaming
Makerspace

25. Adaptive and innovative
supporting spaces
 libraries are changing from storing books to
supporting citizens’ needs
 innovation spaces for local communities
Knud Schulz November 2015 25

26. Libraries and urban development
Model of the public library in
urban development
Casper Hvenegaard
Henrik Jochumsen
Dorte Skot-Hansen
IVA – Royal School of Library and
Information Science
26Knud Schulz November 2015

27. New Libraries
 Libraries are signs or symbols on development
and innovation in the society
 Drivers in city development
 Add new stories about the towns
 Arguments for new city engagements
Knud Schulz November 2015 27

28. Knud Schulz November 2015 28
Urban Mediaspace - AarhusAarhus NewWaterfront and Main Library

29. Mediaspace:
 Main Library and Citizens’ Services:
18.000 m2/190.000 ft2
 Partners and network: 10.000 m2
/100.000 ft2
Automatic parking space: 1000 cars
Two new urban harbour squares: 94.000 m2
/1.120.000 ft2
Arrival centre for light rail
Uncovering of the river and secure the inner
city against flood
Traffic regulation
App.: 300 mill €
Project elements
– Urban Mediaspace
29Knud Schulz November 2015

30. 30Knud Schulz November 2015

31. Process - involve and co-create
with the citizens
 The processes with staff and citizens are a part
of the change
Knud Schulz November 2015 31

32. Phototyping with Staff
MarieOstergard/Dokk1/Aarhus/ Denmark 32Knud Schulz November 2015

33. Prototyping withTweens
MarieOstergard/Dokk1/Aarhus/ Denmark 33Knud Schulz November 2015

34. Public consultations
Knud Schulz November 2015 34
media, families, meeting
facilities, citizen’s services,
CTS, acoustics, logistics,
accessibility, indoor
climate, administration,
kitchen and cafe,
wayfinding, visual identity,
art, security, facades,
materials, design, arrival
area, AV/IT, dynamic
surfaces, rental spaces,
lighting, parking, concert
spaces, children’s theater,
etc.

35. Co-creation with the staff
Knud Schulz November 2015 35

36. Architect sketch
Knud Schulz November 2015 36

37. Development –
from pentagon to square
Knud Schulz November 2015 37

38. year Activity involvement external Internal
2005 Development of vision broad X X
2006 Development of values broad X X
2007 Competition programme broad (X) X
2008 Competition phase narrow X X
2009-10 Building programme broad X X
2011 Project proposal medium (X) X
2012 Final project narrow X
2013-14 Interior decoration and
furnishing
broad X X
2015 Furniture and IT broad X X
Co-operative Design Proces
MarieOstergard/Dokk1/Aarhus/ Denmark 38Knud Schulz November 2015

39. Knud Schulz November 2015
39
Three Statements
 Last responsible minute for decisions
 Inclusion and participation
 Interdisciplinary Co-operation
 The right team at the right time

40. Knud Schulz November 2015 40

41. Knud Schulz November 2015
Transformation Lab
 The entrance – the former place
for controlling the users
 2-300 m2
 New projects every 5-6 month
 Bringing the traditional work fields
of the library into the LAB
 Developing new support of the
users – depending on the room,
the media, the connectivity and
the competencies
41

42. Knud Schulz November 2015
FictionLAB
NewsLAB
MusicLAB
ExhibitionLAB
DemocracyLAB
The Square 42

43. Knud Schulz November 2015
The library as a space
– in the future?
 The building supports the needs of
the users
 The building interacts with the
surroundings and environment
 The building acts adaptively
 Flexibility is function
43

44. Knud Schulz November 2015
Userdriven process
 From tradition to transcendence – the users
deconstruct ”old knowledge” to create new
sense
44

45. Grab a toolkit
Global innovation model –
faster to change
Partnership between
 Global Libraries/Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
 Chicago Public Libraries
 IDEO
 Aarhus Public Libraries
Knud Schulz November 2015 45

46. Design Thinking is a mindset, and an
intentional process around delivering
solutions that create positive impact!
46Knud Schulz November 2015

47. Download:
www.designthinkingforlibraries.com
47Knud Schulz November 2015

48. The Vision
 Space for co-operation
 Place for dialogue, knowledge,
ideas and inspiration
 Open informal learning space
 A unique place for children and
families
48Knud Schulz November 2015

49. New ways of defining the
functionality
 Flexibility is the functionality
 Maximize unprogrammed space
 Leave the media and mediaformats as the focus
point in organizing the space
 Focus the human needs og sociality – use the 4
space model
Knud Schulz November 2015 49

50. Focus planning interior
 Supporting citizens different needs
 Creating different surroundings
 Space for activities/programms
 Continuous flexibility – avoid permanent
installations
 Controlling the media stock
 Modern industrial furnitures no design icons
Knud Schulz November 2015 50

51. Interior plan
 The interior planning reflects the 15 years
experience from projects together with partners
and users
 Lots of discussions with both library
professionels and other diciplines
 Experiencies from DK and other countries
The result is an ’interior medley’
Partners/users are the key to continuous change
Knud Schulz November 2015 51

52. Interior plan
 The inside of Dokk1 consist of 4 different areas with
no sharp limits
 Citizens’ Service
 Public space with info, meeting rooms, cafe, auditorium,
popup/democracy area
 Adult library with professionel support
 Families and childrens library with professionel support
 A perspective all over the services are to support the
users to act on their own
The interior plan was finished just 4 months before
opening
Knud Schulz November 2015 52

53. Level 1 - adult
 4 space model
 Experience
 Discover
 Participate
 Create
 Combined with a wide learning definition where
learning take place in different kinds of
environments
 Users are active participants and the library space
support their needs
 Important: users can be on their own, together with
others with or without contact – inclusion factor++
Knud Schulz November 2015 53
The Public Library of the Knowledge Society
D.Skot-Hansen
C.H. Rasmussen
H. Jochumsen
Innovation
Reckognition/Experience
Empowerment
Involvement/Engagement
Knud Schulz september 2014 10

54. Examples interior adult (1)
 Urban office
 Oases
 Reading room
 Support (learning)
 Meeting space
 Living room
 Corner
 Play
Knud Schulz November 2015 54

55. Examples interior adult (2)
Knud Schulz Aarhus November 2015 55
 Ramp
 Transformation Lab
 Project Labs
 Study room
 Education
 Meeting room
 Café

56. Examples interior adult (3)
Knud Schulz November 2015 56
 Auditorium
 The Square
 ’Alone’ together
 Subject zones
 Reflection
 Citizens’ Service
 Balcony workzone

57. Level 2 – Families/Children
 Children are defined to 12 years incl. the limit
where children want to be together with
grownups.After 12 children define themself as
teens/adult
 Importent to design different zones where both
childrens and their adults want to be together.
Knud Schulz November 2015 57

58. Principles for planning
interior Families/Children
 A space for children stimulating
 Play
 Experience
 Learning
Knud Schulz November 2015 58

59. Examples interior Fam/child
0 - 3 years
 Cushion
 Castle
 Reading
 Breast feeding
 The box
 Cirkeline house
 Big Lego
Knud Schulz November 2015 59

60. Examples interior Fam/child
4 - 8 years
 Learning zone
 Stage
 Dress up
 3D globe
 Childrens lab
 Eating zone
 Reading caves
 Experience ramp
Knud Schulz November 2015 60

61. Examples interior Fam/child
9 – 12 years
 Tweens zone
 Interaktive floor
 Makerspace
 Tweens lab
 Learning zone
 Gaming street
 Auditorium
Knud Schulz November 2015 61

62. Partnership with external
organizations focus building
cooperation with the users
and the society
 A strategi for constant change
 Renewing the user engagement and ownership
 In-flow of competencies to the library
 A community strategy
 Political legitimacy
Knud Schulz November 2015 62

63. Partner Process
Knud Schulz November 2015 63

64. Corner stones of
partnerships in Dokk1
- Learning
- Stories
- Democracity
- Community space
-The Aarhus Cohorte
- Families and Children
(experience,play,learning)
Knud Schulz November 2015 64

65. Users are taking the control
Knud Schulz November 2015 65

66. Knud Schulz November 2015
A strategy for change in
libraries address:
 The need for rethinking the
library
 The need for a fusion between
physical – virtual
 Develop partnerships
 Focus on innovation
 Get new skills into the library
and promote learning in the
organization
 Force users to dismiss the
book as library brand
66

67. Knud Schulz November 2015 67