This document provides an overview of smart cities including:
- Many city governments are promoting smart urban technologies using citizens' interest in new technologies.
- Smart city technologies aim to integrate digital technologies like smartphones, big data, IoT into urban life.
- While smart cities offer benefits like improved services, they also pose risks like loss of privacy and increased corporate influence. Careful monitoring is needed to avoid negative social and economic impacts.
Smart City Fever. The sunny and darker sides of a technology-driven urban hype
1. Klaus R. Kunzmann, Potsdam, Professor emeritus. TU Dortmund/Germany
Smart City Fever
The sunny and darker sides of a technology-driven urban hype
Outline
1. Smart city: a new urban paradigm?
2. The drivers of the smart city?
3. The dimensions of smart technologies
4. The sunny side of smart cities
5. The darker side of smart cities
6. Implications for city development?
7. A final comment
Source: Startupbootcamp Berlin
Faculty of Architecture
7 October 2015
2. Smart Cities
Smart cities
Many city governments around the world are driving the introduction of smart urban
technologies, using the smart technology passion of citizens
and media to promote their cities as smart cities
Vienna and Berlin, Barcelona or Ghuangzhou
3. Smart Cities
Smart cities
Man city governments around the world
Vienna and Berlin, Barcelona or Ghuangzhou are
driving the introduction of smart urban technologies,
using the smart technology interest of citizens and media
to promote their cities as smart cities
4. Smart Cities
Metropolitan Ranking
Fast Company Journal (US) 2012
Six dimensions make a city smart
• Smart Economy
• Smart Mobility
• Smart Government
• Smart Living
• Smart People
• Smart Environment
The smartest cities in Europe in 2012
1. Copenhagen
2. Stockholm
3. Amsterdam
4. Vienna
5. Paris
6. Berlin
7. London
8. Barcelona
9. Munich
10. Frankfurt
Source: Fast Company 2012
5. Smart Cities
What is a smart city?
• Hundred years after the development of large urban water, sewage, energy and
telephone infrastructure in cities, the smart city concept is developing a new
generation of urban infrastructure, with, so far, unknown implications for city
building and urban life.
• The smart city concept is rather a product marketing campaign of large,
globally active ICT corporations, institutions, consultants and think tanks tp
promote and sell products, services and policies.
• Smart city promoters aim to integrate new digital technologies to urban life:
> Smart phone
> Big data
> Internet of things
> Open innovation
Smart” is generally a positive term,
though has a slight touch
> of “cleverness”
6. Smart Cities
Why smart city development?
• The availability of new technologies > I-phone, and the pressure upon
engineers to advance technological innovation
• The challenges of cities and regions to provide public services
• The necessity to built-up new digital urban infrastructure in a market driven
environment
• The hope and believe that ICT technologies can make cities more sustainable
and efficient
>The sustainable imperative: to save energy and water
• Survival strategies of citizens in megacities
> and declining peripheral rural areas
• The pressure of time in the new economy and the quest for instant access to
information anytime and everywhere
• The fun of using new ICT technologies
7. Smart Cities
Smart technologies
Offer many positive services to citizens, institutions and local firms. At the costs
of privacy they can
• Improve individual mobility and orientation in cities and regions
• Create access to any kind of information
• Make consumers independent from opening times and locations (e-shopping)
• Raise personal security at home and safety on the road
• Save energy by numerous systems of controlling energy consumption
• Improve access to public services and facilitate public management
• Make it easier for tourists and visitors to enjoy cities and city life
• Assist elderly and physically handicapped to get personal medical support
• Facilitate education and training ( e-learning)
• Help singles to find a partner
… and many more !
8. Smart Cities
The dimensions of smart technologies
The application of smart technologies is promoted in eight areas
• Smart communication and participation
• Smart mobility and logistics
• Smart energy and water management
• Smart safety and security
• e-shopping
• e-government
• e-care and e-medicine
• e-learning
. . . though there are many other ways of categorizing
the application of smart technologies in urban development
10. Smart Cities
The sunny side of smart cities
Everybody benefits from the new ICT technology:
• Most citizens and a broad range of user groups
> senior citizens, handicapped persons, tourists, car drivers students….
• A whole range of ICT related businesses and software developers
• Industries producing and applying the ICT based tools and equipment
• The large distribution and logistics businesses
• Remote areas > if linked to high-speed ICT networks
• The environment
Frost & Sullivan
11. Smart Cities
The darker side of smart cities
• Favouring technical solutions over social problems
• Dependency on ITC development
giants and monopolies > US and China
• Bargaining power of large corporations
“convincing cities to focus on smart technologies
• Loss of individual privacy, caused by big
data collection
• Reorganisation of local governments tp meet
the challenges of smart infrastructure development
• Immense expansion of logistics serving
e-shopping industries > more traffic
• Further polarisation of global and local economies
12. Smart Cities
The drivers of smart city development?
• Globalization, technological innovations and mobility freaks
• Large global corporations developing, producing and selling
these technologies > Samsung, Huawei, Sony, Siemens, Cisco
• Powerful global corporations relying on the application of new technologies
> Amazon, Apple, Alibaba or the automobile industries > Audi, Toyota,
BMW, Mercedes
• Millions of start-ups developing applications of these technologies
• Global and national think tanks advising governments in introducing such
technologies> IBM, McKinsey, Fraunhofer
• Businesses all over the world who expect to benefit from e-shopping
• Governments seeking to maintain the competitiveness of their economies
• Mayors aiming to profile their cities
• Life style media promoting the new technologies
• Consultants and researchers seeking large grants and contracts for urban
research
13. Smart Cities
The drivers of smart technologies
• Large international corporations, who have identified the huge market
potential of cities in competition
• The automobile industry, being afraid of losing market shares aims to
promote unlimited automobile mobility in cities
• Influential research institutes, such as Fraunhofer in Germany
• International organisations, European Commission, City networks aiming to
demonstrate their future orientation
• City governments aiming to attract the “creative class”
• The community of techno-freaks
• The media, responding to the interest of a young generation
• Smart architects, urbanists and developers
14. Smart Cities
Frost & Sullivan (26 November 2014):
a growth partnership company focused on helping our clients
achieve transformational growth as they work through an economic environment dominated
by accelerating change, increasing risk and the powerful disruptive impact of the conversion of
new business models, disruptive technologies and mega trends on their industry.
Global Smart Cities market to reach US$1.56 trillion by 2020
Over 26 Global Cities are expected to be Smart Cities in 2025, with more than 50%
of these smart cities from Europe and North America. By 2025 it is expected
that around 58% of the world’s population or 4.6 billion people will live in
urban areas. In developed regions and cities, the urban population in cities
could account for up to 81% of total population. This will pose serious
challenges for city planners, who will have to re-think how they provide basic
city services to residents in a sustainable manner.
Smart cities are cities built on ‘smart’ and ‘Intelligent’ solutions and technology
that will lead to the adoption of at least 5 of the 8 following smart parameters
—smart energy, smart building, smart mobility, smart healthcare, smart
infrastructure, smart technology, smart governance and smart education,
smart citizen.
Smart is the New Green1 There are significant opportunities to raise efficiencies
in managing cities to make them smart cities
16. Smar tCities
„ The way we see it......
the job of the Smart City is to help its
inhabitants use scarce resources as
efficiently and sustainably as possible.
It should also enable its citizens to lead
a good, safe life while giving them the
freedom for creativity and innovation“.
19. Smart Cities
Smart Corporations
Cloud computing is one IBM’s
top growth areas. IBM has
invested $6 billion in more than
a dozen cloud acquisitions
since 2007, including, most
recently,
SoftLayer to extend IBM’s
public cloud capabilities and
help clients with an easy on-
ramp to the enterprise cloud.
In 2012, IBM reported 80
percent increase in revenue
from cloud computing. IBM
expects to generate $7 billion in
annual revenue from cloud
computing by 2015.
21. Smart Cities
Smart City Berlin
“ Berlin is smart. The city is a laboratory for efficient infrastructure with
an information network, eco-friendly mobility, creativity and the combination of
high productivity with a high quality of life. In the European Green City Index,
Berlin is no. 1 in the Buildings category and no. 3 in the Water Management
category. The capital is at the top of the Federal State Mobility Index when it
comes to environmental protection and land use, and holds second place in the
overall ranking.
These results are excellent, but we see room for improvement. This one of the
city’s clear policy objectives and thanks to the excellent scientific landscape and
numerous innovative companies in Berlin – particularly in the focal areas of
energy, environment, transport and mobility, healthcare and above all information
and communication technologies – the city has the potential to realize it“
Source: Berlin Partner 2014
22. Smart Cities
Smart City Berlin
Network Smart City Berlin: A working group more than 20 local
enterprises and businesses to promote smart city development, based
On principles laid down in Smart City Berlin Charter.
www.berlin-partner.de/standort-berlin/smart-city-berlin/netzwerk-smart-city-berlin/
Metropolitan solutions: An international platform for decision-makers
in politics and the public sector communication solutions on mobility,
energy consumption, water provision and quality, housing technologies and
urban security.
www.metropolitan solutions.de
TU Berlin Urban Lab: Smart City platform. A cooperative and inter-
disciplinary project of the TU Berlin to promote research on smart cities
and develop strategies for the appropriate use in cities.
www.smartcity.tu-berlin.de
23. Smart Cities
Vienna
Sustainable city development by promoting smart city development technologies
Wien Vision 2050
Roadmap for 2020 and beyond and an Action Plan for 2012-15
Supporting a research forum at the Technical University to do interdisciplinary
research on smart city development
24. Smart Cities
Vienna
Integrated stakeholder process
• Facilitates the development of a joint vision, roadmap and action plan of a
city
• involvement of relevant experts of addressed fields, as energy, mobility,
urban planning, ICT, industry, finance etc. and citizens
• Development of ‚feasible‘ technology scenarios
• Quantitative and qualitative assessment of scenarios
• Detailed planning of individual actions
• Defined actions and measures must be accompanied by financ
emodels,
clear timelines and responsibilities
• Monitoring, evaluation and assessment of measures
• Development and implementation of a comprehensive evaluation method
to monitor success
25. Smart Cities
Masdar City
Designed by the British architect Foster the city in Abu Dhabi is designed
to become a smart city, based on solar energy and other renewable
energy sources is designed to be a hub for cleantech companies.
29. Smart Cities
China
The vision of Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City (GKC) is to be a unique,
vibrant and sustainable city that is highly attractive to both talents and
knowledge-based industries. Positioned as a model and catalyst for the
economic transformation and environmental enhancement of Guangdong.
31. Smart Cities
Smart cities in India
With the urban population rising rapidly and significantly, the Indian
government has decided to create 100 smart and sustainable cities
before 2022.
33. Smart Cities
Implications for urban development?
The smart city fever will
• Require new competent technical staff in urban administrations
• Downgrade traditional urban planning, turning planners into city decorators,
urban lawyers, GIS freaks, data garbage managers or just moderators
• Need new or re-qualify established public and civic bodies controlling market
penetration and misuse of smart technologies > Electronic Frontier Foundation
• Necessitate monitoring and new research on spatial and governance
implications of new digital technologies
35. Smart Cities
06.10.2015EUROPE DELIVERS BLOW TO TECH COMPANIES, BY RULING AGAINST DATA
TRANSFERUSER PRIVACY JUST GOT A BIG BOOST, DUE TO A EUROPEAN
RULING THAT COULD HAMPER THE OPERATIONS OF TECH GIANTS LIKE
GOOGLE AND FACEBOOK.
Tuesday, Europe’s highest court struck down an agreement that allowed
users’ personal information to be transmitted from the European Union to the
United States. The agreement, generally called "Safe Harbor," applied to
surveillance agencies like the NSA, as well as companies like Google, which
provided search results to online advertisers looking for information on
consumers.The European Union essentially said that European states can set
their own standards for transmission of personal information online. Many
European countries are far more privacy-centric than the United States, which
could spell trouble for Silicon Valley firms and pave the way for homegrown
European rivals to outmaneuver the likes of Google, Facebook, and Amazon.
Source: NEAL UNGERLEIDEROn Fast Company
36. Smart Cities 06.10.2015
Europe Is Finally Taking On Silicon Valley
The Washington Post noted that the decision is transforming the
surveillance debate and will make it much harder for global
agencies—ranging from the NSA to their equivalents in the U.K.
and beyond—to spy on Europeans, The Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a U.S. digital rights group, says the European Union
ruling is a step in the right direction.
Source: Washington Post
37. Smart Cities
A Final Comment
In times of globalization, global competition and
rapid technology change, the smart city
label is a good opportunity to improve the
quality of life of all citizens, to maintain the
competitiveness of cities. to speed-up
economic and urban innovations, to create
jobs for a new generation of university
graduates, to protect the environment and
to make a better use of energy, water and
other resources.
The impacts on social and economic
development of cities, however, have to be
carefully monitored to avoid negative
economic, social, cultural and spatial
consequences and dependency on a few
global players.
There is a time and life after the smart city!
