Presented by Godfrey Bwana at the Workshop on Scaling up the Delivery of ITM in Tanzania through Facilitation of the ITM Value Chain, Bagamoyo, 28-29 September 2015
Scaling Up Delivery of ITM in Tanzania: Current Situation and Recommendations
1. SCALLING UP THE
DELIVERY OF ITM IN
TANZANIA
SYTHESIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION
Godfrey Bwana
Bagamoyo, 29th September, 2015
2. PRESENTATION LAY OUT
INTRODUCTION
TERMS OF REFERENCE
RESULTS
CONCLUSION
RECOMMENDATIONS
3. Introduction
ECF immunisation in Tanzania started in early 1990s
Estimated up to now about 700’000 cattle have been immunised
Majority of these are the indigenous cattle
Number of interventions in the control of Tick and Tick Borne Diseases have
taken place; including:-
Compulsory dipping
Mapping of tick distribution
Dip construction and rehabilitation
Free dipping programme and others..
4. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Identify spread of Distributor and Vaccinators
Find out how they were identified
How were trained
How they are Registered and Monitored
Current Distribution Mechanism
7. How they were identified
Distributors- By Government and during the project time
Vaccinators- Also were identified by government and distributors.
Most of the Vaccinators are still Government employees
Some of Distributors are engaged fully in veterinary service business
8. Training
ITM Vaccination need specialized training not like any other vaccination.
Distributors do training to their Vaccinators
Curriculum is developed by the Distributor and ratified by Veterinary council
of Tanzania
Certificate is issued by Distributors
9. Registration of Vaccinators
It is a legal requirement for all Veterinary experts to be registered in Tanzania
Custodian of registration is Veterinary Council of Tanzania; mandated by law
Three levels exists depending on level of education
Degree Holders
Diploma Holders, and
Certificate Holders
However for ECF vaccination special training is needed before one is
registered as ECF Vaccinator.
Over 3000 Veterinary experts have been registered so far; out of these , over
160 are registered as ECF vaccinators
10. Monitoring
VCT has legal mandate to monitor all registered veterinarians on ethical
matters
Monitoring of what is happening during ECF vaccination and after is not very
clear, hence gives room for non registered vaccinators to penetrate and
pollute the business
Currently Vaccinators will give feed back to distributors, but nothing much is
reported at the district authorities
11. Distribution Mechanism
One Local Technical Representative Available
Two Distributors are available
Distributors work with a network of Vaccinators
Other actors are not much engaged in the distribution mechanism (monitoring
and feedback loop)
12. CTTBD
(PRODUCERS OF VACCINNE)
LOCAL TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE
DISTRIBUTOR 1 DISTRIBUTOR 2
VACCINATOR VACCINATORVACCINATOR VACCINATOR
LIVESTOCK KEEPERS LIVESTOCK KEEPERS
$$ $$
VA
CC
IN
E
VA
CCI
NE
$$ $$$$ $$
$$ $$ $$ $$
VA
CCI
NE
VA
CCI
NE
VA
CCI
NE
VA
CCI
NE
VA
CCI
NE
VA
CCI
NE
VA
CCI
NE
VA
CCI
NE
13. Other Actors
Since ITM vaccination is a process, other actors more than distributors and
vaccinators are involved in the process. These are:
Government
Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency (TVLA)
Veterinary Council of Tanzania (VCT)
Tanzania Food and Drug Authority (TFDA)
14. Constraints and Challenges
Government
Inadequate financial resources – hinders surveillance
Weak monitoring system on effectiveness of therapeutic drugs & acaricides in the
field due to inadequate financial resources.
Interference from institutional set up in controlling T &TBD (MLFD, PMO- RALG,
LGAs, and Farmers)
Unregulated movements of livestock- this constraints control of T&TBD
15. Constraints and Challenges
Distributors
Reliable Power Supply- standby generators add to storage costs
Storage- maintaining required temperature
Antibiotics
Access to liquid nitrogen( available in Iringa, Arusha, Mwanza, Dar and Kilimanjaro
Price of Liquid Nitrogen
16. Constraints and Challenges
Vaccinators
Vaccination kits- some vaccinators do not have these kits, they need to be made
available and accessible (cost wise)
Availability of Liquid Nitrogen ( if they have to keep stocks of the vaccine)- this
increase costs as they form part of storage costs
Vaccinators who come from other area, and charge low price – which suggests
cheating and this brings the risk of losing confidence with the vaccine
A critical mass is needed for the vaccination to be economically sustainable; the
critical mass can be attained through awareness campaigns
17. Constraints and Challenges
Availability of Liquid Nitrogen (not readily available sometimes)
Access and availability of Containers- to maintain quality and efficacy of the
vaccine, these should be made affordable, option of solar refrigerators
Un ethical practices, some vaccinators, do not practice ethically- Tarnishes the
vaccine
Actors are not well coordinated, this cause some greedy vaccinators to come in
and vaccinates
18. Constraints and Challenge
Price and Pricing
It is a challenge to both Vaccinators and Livestock keeper
Livestock keepers- Too high (expensive) want it lowered
Distributers/Vaccinators- low- does not cover costs
Example of Costs (Vaccinator in Kiteto)
(Fare TZS 32’000; Accommodation TZS 60’000; Price of LN (20lts) + 5% TZS 150’000;
transport of the cylinder TZS 30’000; and town commuting TZS 20’000. Increases holding
costs
19. Opportunities
Farmers are motivated, inspite of some hic ups
Markets exists (population in the regions)
Existance of the ECF Strategic Plan at MLFD
Supportive Legal and Regulatory Environment
Willingness by the government to introduce the vaccine to new area
20. Recommendations
Increase awareness for livestock keeper, and LGAs on economic benefits of
vaccination
Tailor capacity building to vaccinators (Vaccination and Business Skills)
Awareness Campaigns, to erase the distortion caused by fraudulent vaccinators
Liberalize more the distribution and vaccination supply chain (increase the
number of distributors on competitive manner
Streamline training of vaccinators (Training institutions take up training role
instead of Distributers. (Accredited Institutions should train and issue
certificates)